THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  ILLINOIS 

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1872. 


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NEW  YORK : 

E.   B.  TREAT,  Publisher, 
No.  805   Broadway. 


lIBRARv 
Ur^iVERSnV  01-  ilUNOIS 


THE   NATIONAL 


POLITICAL  MANUAL, 


COMPEISINa 


FACTS    A]SrD    FIGUEES, 

HISTOEIOAL,  DOOUMENTAEY, 

STATISTICAL,  POLITICAL, 

FROM  THE  FORMATION  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  TO 
THE  PRESENT   TIME. 

"WITH  A  PULL  OHRONOLOGT  OF  TEE  EEBSLLIOlf. 
FROM      OFFICIAL     AND      OTHER      SOURCES. 

By  E.  I].  TREAT. 

ILLUSTRATED. 


NEW   YORK: 
E.    B.    TREAT,    805    BROADWAY. 

IT.    C.  WRIGHT,    ST.    LOUIS,    MO.;    IRA    S.    SMITH,    ClIICACrO,    ILL.; 

RANDALL   &   FISH,    DETROIT,    MICH. ;    A.  L.  BANCROFT 

&  CO.,  SAN  FRAKCISCO,  CAL. 

1872. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congresg,  in  the  year  187-2,  by 

E.    B.    TREA.T, 
In  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  CongTess  at  Washington. 


POOLK     *    MACLAUCHLAN,     PKINTEllS, 
205  to  213  Plast  lith  St. 


\  ■■\\ 


rsr\. 


o 


^  PREFACE 

00 


»  »  » 


>- 

^       This  book  appeals  to  the  patriotic  sentiments  of 
all  classes  of  readers.     In  its  pages  will  be  found 
those  words  of  burning  eloquence  which  lighted  the 
fires  of  the  American  devolution,  stirring  the  hearts 
of  our  fathers  to  do  battle  for  our  independence ; 
the  words  of  wisdom  which  brought  our  ship  of  state 
safely  through  the  storms  of  strife  into  the  calms  of 
peace,  and  all  of  the  most  important  speeches  and 
5^    proclamations  of  our  statesmen  which  guided  our 
>^    country  during  critical  periods  of  our  political  life. 
^    It  is  a  book  of  our  country  as  a  whole ;  all  must 
1 '  read  it  with  emotions  of  gratitude  and  pride  at  the 
•  ^  grandeur  and  stability  of  our  institutions  as  exempli- 
fied by  the  eloquent  words  of  the  statesmen  and 
50   leading  spirits  of  the  great  Republic. 
)  First  in  its  pages,  appropriately,  will  be  found 

'^     the  "  Declaration  of  Independence,"  the  great  corner 


I  i  Voy iO 


VI  PREFACE. 

stone  of  American  liberty;  and  as  a  fitting  close, 
one  of  our  most  distinguished  historians  has  fur- 
nished a  "  History  of  the  Flag," — the  Flag  of  the 
Union,  the  sacred  emblem  around  which  are  clus- 
tered the  memories  of  the  thousands  of  heroes  who 
have  struc:ffled  to  sustain  it  untarnished  ag-ainst  both 
foreign  and  domestic  foes.  To  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
and  "Washington's  Farewell  Address — truly  "  Key 
l^otes  to  American  Liberty " — have  been  added 
many  important  proclamations  and  congressional 
acts  of  a  later  day,  namely  :  President  Jackson's 
famous  JSTulliiication  Proclamation  to  South  Caro- 
lina, The  Monroe  Doctrine,  Dred  Scott  Decision, 
l^eutrality  laws,  with  numerous  documents,  state 
papers  and  statistical  matter  growing  out  of  the  late 
Pebellion  ;  all  of  which  will  be  read  with  new  and 
ever  increasing  interest.  And  as  long  as  our 
Republic  endures,  tliese  pages  will  be  cherished  as 
the  representative  of  all  that  is  great  and  good  in 
our  country  ;  and  will  prove  incentives  to  our  chil- 
dren to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  the  patriots  by 
whose  genius  and  valor  our  institutions  have  been 
cherished  and  preserved,  and  liberty,  like  water 
n^ade  to  rim  throughout  the  land  free  to  all. 


CONTENTS. 


FASH 
DiXLARATION    OF    InDEPENDEJTCE 9 

Constitution  of  the  United   States 18 

Amendments  to  the  Constitution 39 

Constitutional  Amendment  Abolishing  Slayery.  ...  44 
Amendment    concerning    Reconstruction,   Rights  of 

Citizens,  &c 48 

The  Ordnance   of   1787 51 

The  Fugitive   Slave  Bill  of  1793 53 

The  Fugitive   Slave  Bill  of  1850 55 

The  Missouri  Compromise 67 

Constitutional  Ajuendment — No  Distinction  in  Color    68 

Battles  of  the  Revolution 69 

Inaugural   Address  of  George  Washington 70 

Washington's  Farewell  Address 77 

President  Jackson's  Proclamation  to  South  Carolina  105 

Monroe  Doctrine 144 

Dred  Scott  Decision 14G 

Presidents     and    Vice-Presidents    of    the    United 

States,  with  the  Popular  Vote  for  Each 154 

Popular  Names  of  States IGG 

Statement    of    the    Public    Debt    of    the    United 

States,  for  Thirteen  Years,  ending  June  1st,  1872.  167 

Neutrality  Law  of  the  United  States 168 

-'Population  of  the  United  States  at  each  De.cade 

FOR  Half  a  Century 176 

Population  of  our  Largest  Cities  (New  Census) 177 

Slavp:  Population  in  the  United  States  in  I860..  178 

•^Statistics  of  Slavery  before  the  Revolution 178 

Speech  of  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglas, — His  Last  Words 

for  the  Union 179 

T'i!i:siDENT  Lincoln's  First  Call  for  Troops.. 180 

ToiAL  NuMiJEu  OF  Troops  called  into  Service  during 

•iiii:  Rebellion 188 


VIU  CONTENTS. 

PAGB 

Resolutions  of  the  N.  Y.  Chamber  op  Commerce.  . . .  189 

Blockade  Proclamation,  by  President  Lincoln 194 

Emancipation  Proclamation 197 

Confiscation  Act 201 

First  Inaugural  Address  of  President  Lincoln 204 

Balance  Sheet    op   the  Government,  before  and 

since  the  War,  1859  and  1865 221 

President  Lincoln's  Second   and   Last  Inaugural 

Address 222 

President  Lincoln's  Proclamation  of  Amnesty 226 

President  Johnson's  Amnesty  Proclamation 232 

President  Johnson's  Peace  Proclamation 237 

The  Civil  Rights  Bill 239 

Freedmen's  Bureau  Bill. 248 

Provost  Marshal-General's  Report  of  the  Killed 

AND  Wounded  during  the  Rebellion 261 

The  United  States  Army,  showing  the  number  op 
men   furnished  from  each  State  during   the 

Rebellion 265 

History  of  the  Flag 266 

Important  Events  op  the  Rebellion 274 

Chronological  Table  op   the   Battles  and    Skir- 
mishes OP  THE  War, — showing  the  Commanding 

Officers  and  Loss  on  each  side 280 

List  op  Vessels  Captured  and  Destroyed  for  Vio- 
lation OP  the  Blockade  or  in  Battle 319 

Union  Vessels  Captured  or  Destroyed  by  the  dif- 
ferent Confederate  Privateers 353 

The  Bankruptcy  Act 363 

Statistics  of  the  States  and  Territories 367 

The  Popular  Electoral  Vote  op  1860  and  1864,  1868.  370 
Party  Platforms  for  the  Campaign  op  1872 373 


*> 


NATIOIAL    HAND-BOOK 


DECLAEATION  OF  INDEPENDENOi:. 

In  Congeess,  July  4,  1776. 
B^  the  Bepreseniaiives  oftJie  United  States,  in  Congress  asseml)led, 

A  DECLARATION. 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes 
necessary  for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political 
bands  which  have  connected  them  with  another,  and 
to  assume  among  the  powers  of  the  earth  the  separate 
and  equal  station  to  which  the  laws  of  nature  and"  of 
nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  for  the 
opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare 
the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 
1* 


10  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident :  — that  all 
men  are  created  equal ;  that  they  are  endowed  by 
their  Creator  with  certain  inalienable  rights  ;  that 
among  these  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  hap- 
piness ;  that  to  secure  these  rights,  governments  are 
instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers 
from  the  consent  of  the  governed ;  that  whenever  any 
form  of  government  becomes  destructive  of  these 
ends  it  is  the  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish 
it,  and  to  institute  a  new  government,  laying  its 
foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing  its 
powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most 
likely  to  effect  their  safety  and  happiness.  Prudence, 
indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long  estab- 
lished should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient 
causes ;  and  accordingly  all  experience  hath  shown 
that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils 
are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing 
the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when 
a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing 
invariably  the  same  object,  evinces  a  design  to 
reduce  them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their 
right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  government 
and  to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future  security 
Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these  col- 
onies; and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  con 
strains  them  to  alter  their  former  system  of  govern- 


DECLARATION   OF   ENDEPENDENCE.  11 

ment.  The  history  of  the  present  King  of  Great 
Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpa- 
tions, all  having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of 
an  absolute  tyranny  over  these  States.  To  prove 
this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  whole- 
some and  necessary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws  of 
immediate  and  pressing  importance,  unless  suspended 
in  their  operation  till  his  assent  should  be  obtained  ; 
and,  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to 
attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accom- 
modation of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those 
people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  representation 
in  the  legislature — a  right  inestimable  to  them,  and 
formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places 
unusual,  uncomfortable,  and  distant  from  the  deposi- 
tory of  their  public  records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly, 
for  opposing,  with  manly  "firmness,  his  invasions  on 
the  right  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  disso- 
lutions, to  cause  others  to  be  elected :  wherebv  the 
legislative  powers,  incapable  of  annihilation,  have 


12  RATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

returned  to  the  people  at  large  for  tlieir  exercise ; 
the  State  remaiaing,  iu  the  mean  time,  exposed  to 
allthe  danger  of  invasion  from  without  and  convul- 
sions within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of 
these  States ;  for  that  purpose  obsticueting  the  laws 
for  naturalization  of  foreigners,  refusing  to  pass 
others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and 
raising  the  conditions  of  new  appropriations  of 
lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice, 
hy  refusing  his  assent  to  laws  for  establishing 
judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone 
for  the  tenure  of  their  offices  and  the  amount  and 
payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and 
sent  hither  swarms  of  officers,  to  harrass  our  people 
and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  stand- 
ing armies,  without  the  consent  of  our  legislatures. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  indepen- 
dent of  and  superior  to  the  civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a 
jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  constitution  and  unac- 
knowledged by  our  laws ;  giving  his  assent  to  their 
acts  of  pretended  legislation, — 


DECLAKATION    OF   INDEPEISTDENCE.  13 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops 
among  us : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  pun- 
ishment for  any  murders  which  they  should  commit 
on  the  inhabitants  of  these  States : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the 
world : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent : 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits 
of  trial  by  jury : 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas,  to  be  tried  for 
pretended  offences : 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  law  in 
a  neighboring  province,  establishing  therein  an  arbi- 
trary government,  and  enlarging  its  boundaries  so 
as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument 
for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these 
colonies : 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our 
most  valuable  laws,  and  altering  fundamentally  the 
forms  of  our  government : 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declar- 
ing themselves  invested  with  power  to  legislate  for 
us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here  by  declaring 
us  out  of  his  protection,  and  waging  war  against  us 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts, 


14  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

burned  our  towns,  and  destroyed  tlie  lives  of  our 
people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies  of 
foreign  mercenaries,  to  complete  the  works  of  death, 
desolation,  and  tyranny,  already  begun,  with  circum- 
stances of  cruelty  and  periidy  scarcely  paralleled  in 
the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally  unworthy  the 
head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken 
captive  on  the  high  seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their 
country,  to  become  the  executioners  of  their  friends 
and  brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst 
us,  and  has  endeavored  to  bring  on  the  inliji,bitants 
of  our  frontiers  the  merciless  Indian  savages,  whose 
known  rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruc- 
tion of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  we  have  peti- 
tioned for  redress  in  the  most  humble  terms ;  our 
petitions  have  been  answered  only  by  repeated 
injury.  A  prince  whose  character  is  thus  marked 
by  every  act  which  may  define  a  tyrant,  is  unfit  to 
be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

IsTor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attention  to  our 
British  brethren.  We  have  warned  them,  from  time 
to  time,  of  attempts  made  by  their  legislature  to 
extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.     We 


DECLAEATION"    OF   INDEPENDENCE.  15 

have  reminded  them  of  the  circumstances  of  our 
emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed 
to  their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we 
have  conjured  them,  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kin- 
dred, to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which  would 
inevitably  interrupt  our  connections  and  correspon- 
dence. They,  too,  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of 
justice  and  consanguinity.  We  must  therefore 
acqui^ce  in  the  necessity  which  denounces  our  sep- 
aration, and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  man- 
kind, enemies  in  war — in  peace,  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  General  Congress  assembled, 
appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for 
the  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and 
by  the  authority  of  the  good  people  of  these  colonies, 
solemnly  publish  and  declare  that  these  United  Col- 
onies are,  and  of  good  right  ought  to  be,  free  and 
independent  States  ;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all 
allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  and  that  all  political 
connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great 
Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved ;  and 
that,  as  free  and  independent  States,  they  have  full 
power  to  levy  war,  conclude  peace,  contract  alli- 
ances, establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  acts 
and  things  which  independent  States  may  of  right 
do.     And  for  the  support  of  this  declaration,  with  a 


16 


NATIONAL    HAXD-BOOK. 


iirra  reliance  on  tlie  protection  of  Divine  Providence, 
we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  lives,  our 
fortunes,  and  our  sacred  honor. 

Signed  by  order  and  in  behalf  of  the  Congress. 

JOHK  HANCOCK,  President. 

Attested,  Chaeles  Thompson,  Secretary. 


NEW  HAMP3HIEE. 

Josiali  Bartlett, 
William  Whipple, 
Matthew  Thorntou. 

MASSAOHUSETTS  BAT. 

Samuel  Adams, 
John  Adams, 
Robert  Treat  Paine, 
Eldridge  Gerry. 

EHODE   ISLAND,  ETC. 

Stephen  Hopkins, 
WiUiam  Ellery. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger  Sherman, 
Samuel  Huntington, 
William  Williams, 
Oliver  Wolcott. 

NEW  TOEK. 

William  Floyd, 
Philip  Livingston, 
Francis  Lewis, 
Lewis  Morris. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Richard  Stockton, 
John  Witherspoou, 
Francis  Hopkinson, 
John  Hart, 
Abraham  Clark. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert  Morris, 
Benjamin  Rush, 
Benjamin  Franklin, 
John  Morton, 
George  Clymer, 
James  Smith, 
George  Taylor, 
James  Wilson, 
George  Ross. 

DELAWAEE. 

Csesar  Rodney, 
George  Read, 
Thomas  M'Kean. 

MAEYLAND. 

Samuel  Chase, 
William  Paca, 
Thomas  Stone, 
Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton. 

VIEGINIA. 

George  Wj-the, 
Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Thomas  Jeflerson, 
Benjamin  Harrison, 
Thomas  Nelson,  jr., 
Francis  Lightfoot  Lee, 
Carter  Braxton. 


DECLABATION   OF   INDEPENDENCE. 


17 


NORTH  OAEOLINA. 

William  Hooper, 
Joseph  Hewes, 
John  Perm. 

SOUTH  OAllOLINA. 

Edward  Rutledge, 


Thomas  Hey  ward,  jr., 
Thomas  Lynch,  jr., 
Arthur  Middleton. 

GEOEGIA. 

Button  Gwinnett, 
Lyman  Hall, 
George  Walton. 


IS  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE    UNITED   STATES. 


Wk,  the  People  of  tlie  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more 
perfect  union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillitj-, 
provide  for  the  common  defence,  promote  the  general  wel- 
fare, and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our 
posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the 
United  States  of  America. 

ARTICLE  I. 

§  I. — All  legislative  powers  lierein  granted  shall 
be  vested  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which 
shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives. 

§  II. — 1.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be 
composed  of  members  chosen  every  second  year  by 
the  people  of  the  several  States ;  and  the  electors  in 
each  State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for 
electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State 
legislature. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES.  19 

2.  ISTo  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall 
Tiot  have  attained  the  age  of  twentj-five  years,  and 
been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  the 
State  in  which  he  shall  be  cliosen. 

3.  Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  appor- 
tioned among  the  several  States  which  may  be 
included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by 
adding  to  tlie  whole  number  of  free  persons,  includ- 
ing those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years,  and 
excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other 
persons.  The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made 
within  three  }■  ears  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subse- 
quent term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall 
by  law  direct.  The  number  of  representatives  shall 
not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but  each 
State  shall  have  at  least  one  representative;  and 
until  such  enumeration  shall  be  made,  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose  three  ; 
Massachusetts^  eight ;  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations^  one ;  Connecticut^  five ;  New  Yor\ 
six  ;  New  Jersey^  four ;  Pennsylvania^  eight ;  Dela- 
ware^  one  ;  Maryland,  six ;  Vir(ji?iia,  ten  ;  North 
Carolina,  five ;  South  Carolina,  five ;  Georgia,  three. 

4.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation 


20  NATIOISTAX    HAND-BOOK. 

of  any  State,  the  executive  autliority  thereof  shall 
issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

5.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose 
their  speaker  and  other  officers,  and  shall  have  the 
sole  power  of  impeachment. 

§  III. — 1.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  composed  of  two  senators  from  each  State,  chosen 
by  the  legislature  thereof^,  for  six  years ;  and  each 
senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

2.  Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in 
consequence  of  the  first  election,  they  shall  be  divi- 
ded, as  equally  as  may  be,  into  three  classes.  The 
seats  of  the  senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated 
at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second 
class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  and  the 
third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that 
one  third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year  ;  and  if 
vacancies  happen,  by  resignation  or  otherwise,  during 
the  recess  of  the  legislature  of  any  State,  the  execu- 
tive thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until 
the  next  meeting  of  the  legislature,  which  shall  then 
fill  such  vacancies. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not 
Iiave  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years,  and  been  nine 
years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall 
not,  wlien  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for 
wJiicli  he  shall  be  chosen. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE    UNITED    STATES.  21 

4.  The  Yice-President  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote, 
•unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

5.  The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers, 
and  also  a  president  pro  tempore  in  the  absence  of 
the  Yice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

6.  The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try 
all  impeachments.  When  sitting  for  that  purpose, 
they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  tried,  the  chief 
justice  shall  preside ;  and  no  person  shall  be  con- 
victed without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the 
members  present. 

7.  Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not 
extend  further  than  to  removal  from  office,  and  dis- 
qualification to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor, 
trust,  or  profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the 
party  convicted  shall,  nevertheless,  be  liable  and 
subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punish- 
ment, according  to  law. 

§  lY. — 1.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  hold- 
ing elections  for  Senators  and  representatives  shall 
be  prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  legislature 
thereof;  but  the  Congress  may,  at  any  time,  by  law, 
make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to  tlw 
places  of  choosing  senators. 


22  NATIONAL    IIAND-EOOK. 

2.  The  Cono-ress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in 
every  year ;  and  such  meeting  shall  be  on  tlie  first 
Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  ap- 
point a  different  day. 

§  Y. — 1.  Each  house  shall  be  judge  of  the  elec- 
tions, returns,  and  qualifications  of  its  own  members; 
and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to 
do  business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn 
from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel 
the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such  manner 
and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

2,  Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its 
proceedings,  punish  its  members  for  disorderly  be- 
havior, and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel 
a  member. 

3,  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceed- 
ings, and  from  time  to  time  publish  the  same, 
excepting  such  parts  as  msLj,  in  their  judgment, 
require  secrecy ;  and  tlie  yeas  and  nays  of  the  mem- 
bers of  either  house  on  any  question  sliall,  at  the 
desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the 
journal. 

4,  IsTeither  house,  during  the  session  of  Congress, 
shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for 
more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  tljan 
that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

§  YI. — 1.  The  senators  and  representatives  shall 


CONSTITUTION  OF   THE   UKPTED   STATES.  23 

receive  a  compensation  for  their  services,  to  be  ascer- 
tained by  law,  and  paid  out  of  tlie  treasury  of  the 
United  States.  They  shall,  in  all  cases  except 
treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privi- 
leged  from  arrest  during;  their  attendance  at  tlie 
session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  or 
returning  from  the  same ;  and  for  any  speech  or 
debate  in  either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned 
in  any  other  place. 

2.  ISTo  senator  or  representative  shall,  during  the 
time  for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any 
civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States 
which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments 
whereof  shall  have  been  increased,  during  such  time; 
and  no  person  holding  any  office  under  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during  his 
continuance  in  office. 

§  VII. — 1.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall 
originate  in  the  House  of  Representatives ;  but  the 
Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments,  as 
on  other  bills. 

2.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House 
of  Representatives  and  the  Senate  shall,  before  k 
becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States  ;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it ;  but 
if  not,  he  shall  return  it  with  his  objections,  to  that 
house  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall 


24  KATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsidera- 
ation,  two  thirds  of  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the 
bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to 
the  other  house ;  and  if  approved  bj  two-thirds  of 
that  house  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all  such 
cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by 
yeas  and  nays ;  and  the  name  of  the  persons  voting 
for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  jour- 
nals of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not 
be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sun- 
days excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to 
him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he 
had  signed  it,  unless  Congress,  by  their  adjournment, 
prevent  its  return ;  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a 
law. 

3.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the 
concurrence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives may  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of 
adjournment)  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  and  before  the  same  shall  take 
effect  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or,  being  disap- 
proved by  him,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  tc 
the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a 
biU. 

§  YIIT. — The  Congress  shall  have  power — 


co^~s■^ITUTIOIs^  of  the  united  states.  25 

1.  To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and 
excises  ;  to  pay  the  debts  and  provide  for  the  com- 
mon defence  and  general  welfare  of  the  United 
States ;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be 
uniform  throughout  the  United  States : 

2.  To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United 
States : 

3.  To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations, 
and  among  the  several  States,  and  with  the  Indian 
tribes : 

i.  To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturah'zation, 
and  uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of  bankruptcies, 
throughout  tlie  United  States  : 

5.  To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and 
of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the  standard  of  weights  and 
measures : 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeit- 
ing the  securities  and  current  coin  of  the  United 
States : 

1.  To  establish  post  offices  and  post  roads  : 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful 
arts,  by  securing,  for  limited  times,  to  authors  and 
inventors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writ- 
ings and  discoveries  : 

9.  To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supremo 
Court : 

10.  To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies 

2 


26  NATIONAL  hand-book:, 

committed  on  the  higli  seas,  and  offences  against  the 
law  of  nations : 

11.  To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and 
reprisal,  and  make  rules  concerning  captures  on  land 
and  water : 

12.  To  raise  and  support  armies ;  but  no  appro- 
priation of  money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a  longer 
term  than  two  years  : 

13.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy  : 

14.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  reg- 
ulation of  the  land  and  naval  forces : 

15.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to 
execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections, 
and  repel  invasions 

16.  To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disci- 
plining the  militia,  and  for  governing  such  part  of 
them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  reserving  to  the  States  respectively  the 
appointment  of  the  officers,  and  the  authority  of 
training  the  miKtia,  according  to  the  discipline  pre- 
scribed by  Congress : 

17.  To  exercise  exclusive  legislation,  in  all  cases 
whatsoever,  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten 
miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States, 
and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of 
government  of  the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like 
authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES.  27 

tlie  legislature  of  the  State  in  wliicli  the  same  shall 
be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock 
yards,  and  other  needful  building :     And, 

18.  To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary 
and  proper  for  carrying  into  execution  the  foregoing 
powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Consti- 
tution in  the  government  of  the  United  States,  or  in 
any  department  or  officer   thereof. 

§  IX. — 1.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such 
persons  as  any  of  the  States,  now  existing,  shall  think 
proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Con- 
gress prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  eight ;  but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on 
Biich  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each 
jierson. 

2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus 
shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when,  in  cases  of  re- 
bellion or  invasion,  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

3.  Jso  bill  of  attainder,  or  ex  post  facto  law,  shall 
be  passed. 

4.  l!To  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid, 
unless  in  proportion  to  the  census  or  enmneration 
herein  before  directed  to  be  taken. 

5.  ]^o  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  artiqles  ex- 
ported from  any  -States.  'No  preference  shall  be 
given,  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue,  to 
the  ports  of  one  State  over  those  of  another ;  nor 


28  NATIOXAL    HAXD-EOOK. 

shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  State  be  obliged 
to  enter,  clear,  cr  pay  duties  in  another. 

6.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury 
but  in  consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law  ; 
and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts 
and  expenditurss  of  all  public  money  shall  be  pub- 
lished from  time  to  time. 

7.  No  title  of  nobilitv  shall  be  granted  bv  the 
United  States  ;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  of 
profit  or  trust  under  them  shall,  without  the  consent 
of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument, 
office,  or  title  of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king, 
prince,  or  foreign  State. 

§  X. — 1.  No  state  shall  enter  into  any  treaty, 
alliance,  or  confederation  ;  grant  letters  of  marque 
and  reprisal ;  coin  money ;  emit  bills  of  credit ; 
make  any  thing  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in 
payment  of  debts  ;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post 
facto  law,  or  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts ; 
or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

2.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Con- 
gress, lay  any  imposts  or  duties  on  imports  or 
exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for 
exeeutpg  its  inspection  laws  ;  and  the  net  produce 
of  all  duties  and  imposts  laid  by  any  State  on  im- 
ports or  exports  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  treasury 
of  the  United  States ;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED,  STATES.  29. 

subject  to  tlie  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 
'No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay 
any  duty  on  tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in 
time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact 
with  another  State  or  with  a  foreign  power,  oi 
engage  in  w^ar,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such 
imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

AKTICLE  IL 

§  I. — 1.  The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a 
President  of  the  United  States  of  America.  He 
shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years, 
and,  together  with  the  Yice-President,  chosen  for  the 
same  term,  be  elected  as  follows : 

2.  Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as 
the  legislature  thereof  may  direct,  a  number  of  elec- 
tors, equal  to  the  whole  number  of  senators  and 
representatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in 
the  Congress ;  but  no  senator  or  representative,  or 
person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the 
United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

3.  [Annulled.     See  Amendments,  Art.  12.] 

4.  The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of 
choosing  the  electors,  and  the  day  on  which  they 
shall  give  their  votes,  which  day  shall  be  the  same 
throughout  the  United  States. 


30  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

5.  1^0  person  except  a  natural-born  citizen,  or  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adop- 
tion of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office 
of  President ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to 
that  office  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of 
thirtj-five  years,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident 
within  the  United  States.  , 

6.  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from 
office,  or  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  inability  to  dis- 
charge the  powers  and  duties  of  said  office,  the  same 
shall  devolve  on  the  Yice-President ;  and  the  Con- 
gress may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal, 
death,  resignation,  or  inability  both  of  the  President 
and  Yice-President,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then 
act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accord- 
ingly, until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  President 
shall  be  elected. 

7.  The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive 
for  his  services  a  compensation  which  shall  neither 
be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the  period  for 
which  he  shall  have  been  elected  ;  and  he  shall  not 
receive,  within  that  period,  any  other  emolument 
from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

8.  Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  otllce, 
he  shall  take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation  : — 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will 
faithfully  execute   the   office   of   President   of   the 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES.  31 

United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability, 
preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  tlie 
United  States." 

§  II. — 1.  The  President  shall  be  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  militia  of  the  several  States,  when  called  into 
the  actual  service  of  the  United  States  :  he  may 
require  the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal 
officer  in  each  of  the  executive  departments  upon 
any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices ;  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves 
and  pardons  for  offences  against  the  United  States, 
except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

2.  He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided 
two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur ;  and  he 
shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate  shall  appoint,  ambassadors, 
other  public  ministers,  and  consuls,  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United 
States  whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise 
provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  by  law. 
But  the  Congress  may,  by  law,  vest  the  appointment 
of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  think  proper  in  the 
President  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads 
of  departments. 

3.  The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all 


32  natio:n'Al  ita^s'd-book:. 

vacancies  tliat  may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the 
Senate,  bj  granting  commissions,  which  shall  expire 
at  the  end  of  the  next  session. 

§  III. — He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the 
Congress  information  of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and 
recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as 
he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient ;  he  may,  on 
extraordinary  occasions,  convene  both  houses,  or 
either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between 
them  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think 
proper ;  he  shall  receive  ambassadors  and  other  public 
ministers ;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  are  faith- 
fully executed ;  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers 
of  the  United  States. 

§  lY. — The  President,  Yice-President,  and  all 
civil  officers  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  removed 
from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  of, 
treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misde- 
meanors. 

ARTICLE  in. 

§  I. — The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such 
inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may,  from  time  to 
time,  ordain  and  establish.  The  judges,  both  of  the 
Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices 


CONSTmjTION   OF  THE  UNITED   STATES.  33 

duiing  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at  stated  times, 
receive  for  their  services  a  compensation  which  shall 
not  be  diminislied  during  their  contiunance  in  office. 
§  II. — 1.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all 
cases  in  law  and  equity  arising  under  this  Constitu- 
tion, the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties 
made,  or  which  shall  be  made  under  their  authority ; 
to  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  and  other  pubhc 
ministers,  and  consuls ;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and 
maritime  jurisdiction  ;  to  controversies  to  which  the 
United  States  shall  be  a  party ;  to  controversies  be- 
tween two  or  more  States ;  between  a  State  and 
citizens  of  another  State ;  between  citizens  of  differ- 
ent States;  between  citizens  of  the  same  State, 
claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  States,  and 
between  a  State,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign 
States,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public 
ministers,  and  consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  State 
shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  orig- 
inal jurisdiction.  In  all  other  cases  before  men- 
tioned, the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  appellate 
jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  ex- 
ceptions, and  under  such  regulations,  as  the  Congress 
shall  make. 

3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  im- 
peachment, shall  be  by  jury ;  and  such  trial  shall  be 

2* 


o , 


4:  NATIONAL    nxYND-BOOK. 

held  in  the  State  wliere  such  crimes  sljall  have  been 
committed ;  but  when  not  committed  within  any 
State,  the  trial  shall  he  at  such  place  or  places  as  the 
Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

§  III. — 1.  Treason  against  the  United  Stati*^ 
shall  consist  only  in  levying  war  against  them,  or  in 
adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  com- 
fort, No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless 
on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt 
act,  or  confessions  in  open  court. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the 
punishment  of  treason ;  but  no  attainder  of  treason 
shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except 
during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

AETICLE  IV. 

§  I. — Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each 
State  to  the  public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  pro- 
ceedings of  every  other  State.  And  the  Congress 
may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which 
such  acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved, 
and  the  effect  thereof. 

§  II. — 1.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  en 
titled  to  all  privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  iu 
the  several  States. 

2.  A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason, 


CONSTITirnON   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES.  35 

felony,  or  other  crime,  wlio  shall  flee  from  justice, 
and  be  found  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of 
the  executive  authority  of  the  State  from  which  he 
fled,  be  delivered  up  to  be  removed  to  the  State 
having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

3.  ISTo  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one 
State,  under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another, 
shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation 
therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but 
shall  be  delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom 
such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

§  III. — 1.  'New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the 
Congress  into  this  Union  ;  but  no  new  State  shall 
shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
any  other  State;  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the 
junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  parts  of  States, 
without  the  consent  of  the  legislature  of  the  States 
concerned,  as  well  as  of  the  Congress. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of 
and  make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations  respecting 
the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the 
United  States;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution 
shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of 
the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular  State. 

§  ly. — The  United  States  shall  guaranty  to  every 
State  of  this  Union  a  republican  form  of  government, 
and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion,  and, 


36  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

on  application  of  the  legislature,  or  of  the  executive, 
(when  the  legislature  cannot  be  convened,)  against 
domestic  violence. 

AETICLE  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both 
houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amend- 
ments to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of 
the  legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States, 
shall  call  a  convention  for  proposing  amendments, 
which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratified 
by  the  legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several 
States,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as 
the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  maybe  pro- 
posed by  the  Congress ;  provided  that  no  amend- 
ment which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  in  any 
manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth 
section  of  the  first  article ;  and  that  no  State,  with- 
out its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal 
suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

1.  All  debts  contracted,  and  engagements  entered 
into,  before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall 
he  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under  thia 
Constitution  as  under  the  confederation. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE    HOTTED    STATES.  37 

2.  This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  which  shall  be  made  in  pursnance  thereof,  and 
all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the 
authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme 
law  of  the  land ;  and  the  judges  in  every  State  shall 
be  bound  thereby ;  any  thing  in  the  Constitution  or 
laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

3.  The  senators  and  representatives  before  men- 
tioned, and  the  members  of  the  several  State  legisla- 
tures, and  all  executive  and  all  judicial  officers,  both 
of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall 
be  bound  by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this 
Constitution ;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be 
required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public 
trust  undei^  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  YH. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  States 
ehall  be  sufficient  for  the  establishment  of  this  Con- 
stitution between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

Done  in  Convention,  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States 
present,  the  seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and 
of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  the 
twelfth.  In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  subscribed 
our  names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 


38 


NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


NEW  HAMPSniEE. 

John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Giiman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel  Gcirham, 
Rufus  King. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Wm.  Samuel  Johnson, 
Eoger  Sherman. 

NEW  yoek:. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

NEW  JEKSET. 

■William  Livingston, 
David  Brearley, 
William  Patterson, 
Jonathan  Dayton. 

PEJTNSTLTANIA. 

Benjamin  Franklin, 
Thomas  Mifflin, 
Robert  Morris, 
George  Clymer, 
Thomas  Fitzsimons, 
Jared  IngersoU, 
James  Wilson, 
Gouverneur  Morris. 


DELAWARE. 


George  Read, 
Gunning  Bedford,  jr., 
John  Dickinson, 
Richard  Bassett, 
Jacob  Broom. 


MAKTLAND. 


James  McHenry, 

Daniel  of  St.  Tho.  Jeaifcr, 

Daniel  Carroll. 


TIEGINIA. 


John  Blair, 
James  Madison,  jr. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

William  Blount, 
Rich.  Dobbs  Spaight, 
Hugh  WUIiamson. 

SOUTH  OAEOLINA. 

John  Rutledge, 
Charles  C.  Pinckney, 
Charles  Pinckney, 
Pierce  Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William  Few, 
Abraham  Baldwin. 


Attest,        William  Jackson,  Sccrctamj, 


AMENDMENTS   TO    THE    CONSTITUTION  39 


AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION. 


Aet.  I. — Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting 
an  establisliment  of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free 
exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech, 
or  of  the  press  ;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably 
to  assemble  and  to  petition  the  government  for  a 
redress  of  grievances. 

Aet.  II. — A  well-regulated  militia  being  neces- 
sary to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the 
people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

Aet.  III.—  'No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be 
quartered  in  any  house  without  the  consent  of  the 
owner,  nor  in  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be 
prescribed  by  law. 

Aet.  IV. — The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure 
in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against 
unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be 
violated;    and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon 


40  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation, 
and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched, 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Aet.  Y. — JSTo  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for 
a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous  crime,  unless  on  a 
presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in 
cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the 
militia  when  in  actual  service,  in  time  of  war  or 
public  danger ;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject  for 
the  same  offence  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life 
or  limb ;  nor  shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal 
case,  to  be  witness  against  himself,  nor  be  deprived 
of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of 
law ;  nor  shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public 
use  without  just  compensation. 

Art.  YI. — In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  ac- 
cused shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and  public 
trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  State  and  district 
wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which 
district  shall  have  been  previously  ascertained  by 
law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of 
the  accusation ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses 
against  him ;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtain- 
ing witnesses  in  his  favor;  and  to  have  the  assistance 
of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

Art.  YII. — In  suits  of  common  law,  where  the 
value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the 


AMENDMENTS   TO   THE   CONSTITUTION.  41 

right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved  ;  and  no  fact, 
tried  by  a  jury,  shall  be  otherwise  reexamined  in 
any  court  of  the  United  States  than  according  to  the 
rules  of  the  common  law. 

Aet.  YIII. — Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required, 
nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual 
punishments  inflicted. 

Art.  IX. — The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution 
of  certain  rights  shall  not  be  construed  to  deny  or 
disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

Art.  X. — The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United 
States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to 
the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or 
to  the  people. 

Art.  XI. — The  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  suit  in 
law  or  equity  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one 
of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  State,  or 
by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign  State. 

Art.  XII. — The  electors  shall  meet  in  their 
respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  President 
and  Yice-President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not 
be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves; 
they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for 
as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted 
for  as  Yice-President :  and  they  shall  make  distinct 
lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all 


42  KATIONAL    HAKD-BOOK;. 

persons  voted  for  as  Yice-President,  and  of  tho 
number  of  votes  for  each ;  whicli  lists  they  shall  sign 
and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Senate.  The  president  of  the  Senato 
shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  .Senate  and  House  of 
Kepresentatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the 
votes  shall  then  be  counted  ;  the  person  having  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be 
President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  electors  appointed  ;  and  if  no  person  have 
such  a  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the 
highest  number,  not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list  of 
those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of  E-epresen 
tatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the 
President.  But,  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes 
shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from 
each  State  having  one  vote ;  a  quorum  for  this  pur- 
pose shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two 
thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States 
shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of 
Kepresentatives  shall  not  choose  a  President,  when- 
ever the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  theni, 
before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  tlie:i 
the  Yice-President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of 
the  President. 


AMENDMENTS   TO  THE   CONSTITUTION.  43 

2.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  ot 
votes  as  Yice-President  shall  be  the  Yice-President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number 
of  electors  appointed ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  ma^ 
joritj,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the 
list  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Yice-President;  a 
quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of 
the  whole  number  of  senators,  and  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 

3.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to 
tlie  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of 
Yice-President  of  the  United  States. 


44 


NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 


THE  CONSTITUTIONAL  AMENDMENT. 


ABOLISHING    SLAYEKT. 


Article  Y.  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  clearly  and  distinctly  sets  forth  the  mode  and 
manner  in  which  that  instrument  may  be  amended, 
as  follows  : 

"  The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both 
Houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amend- 
ments to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of 
the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States, 
shall  call  a  convention  for  proposing  amendments, 
which  in  either  case  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratified 
by  the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several 
States,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as 
the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  pro- 
posed by  the  Congress." 

In  accordance  with  this  article  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, the  follow^ing  resolution  was  proposed  in  the 
Senate,  on  February  1, 1864,  adopted  April  8, 1864,  by 


THE   CONSTITUTIONAL   AilENDMENT.  45 

a  vote  of  38  to  6,  and  was  proposed  in  the  House  Juno 
15, 1864,  adopted  Jan.  31, 1865,  bv  a  vote  of  119  to  56 : 

liesolved,  Bj  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represen- 
tatives of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress 
assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  that 
the  following  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures, 
of  the  several  States,  as  an  amendment  to  the  consti- 
tution of  the  United  States,  which,  when  ratified  by 
three-fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall  be  valid  to  all 
intents  and  purposes,  as  apart  of  the  said  Constitution, 
namely : 

Art.  XIII.  1st.  ]^either  slavery  nor  involuntary 
servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime,  whereof 
the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist 
within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to 
their  jurisdiction. 

The  amendment  was  now  sent  by  the  Secretary  of 
State  to  th-e  Governors  of  the  several  States  for  rati- 
fication by  the  Legislatures  ;  a  majority  vote  in  three- 
fourths  being  required  to  make  it  a  law  of  the  land. 

On  Dec.  18,  1865,  Secretary  Seward  officially 
announced  to  the  country  the  ratification  of  the 
Amendment  as  follows : 

To  all  to  wJiom  these  jpresents  may  come^  Greeting  : 

Know  ye,   That,  whereas    the   Congress   of   the 

United  States,  on  the  1st  of  February  last,  passed  a 

resolution,  which  is  in  the  words  following,  namely : 


46  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

"A  resolution  submitting  to  the  Legislatures  of 
the  several  States  a  proposition  to  amend  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States." 

"  Hesol/ued,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Kepre- 
sentatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in 
Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses 
concurring,  that  the  following  article  be  proposed  to 
the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  as  an  Amend- 
ment to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
which,  when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  said  Legisla- 
tures, shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  a 
part  of  said  Constitution,  namely  : 

"'AkticleXIIL 

"  '  Section  1.  ISTeither  slavery  nor  involuntary 
servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime,  whereof 
the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist 
within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject 
to  their  jurisdiction. 

" '  Section  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to 
enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation.'  " 

And  whereas,  It  appears  from  official  documents 
on  file  in  this  Department,  that  the  Amendment  to 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  proposed  as 
aforesaid,  has  been  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  the 
States  of  Illinois,  Rhode  Island,  Michigan,  Mary- 
land, New  York,  West  Yirginia,  Maine,  Kansas, 
Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  Ohio,  Mia 


THE   CONSTITUTIONAL   AMENDMENT.  47 

Bouri,  ^Nevada,  Indiana,  Louisiana,  Minnesota, 
"Wisconsin,  Yermont,  Tennessee,  Arkansas,  Connecti- 
cut, ISTew  Hampshire,  South  Carolina,  Alabama, 
ISTorth  Carolina,  and  Greorgia,  in  all  27  States. 

A7id  whereas,  The  whole  number  of  States  in  the 
United  States  is  36. 

And  whereas,  The  before  specially  named  States, 
whose  Legislatures  have  ratified  the  said  proposed 
Amendment,  constitute  three-fourths  of  the  whole 
number  of  States  in  the  United  States  : 

1^0 w,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  William  H. 
Seward,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  by 
virtue  and  in  pursuance  of  the  second  section  of  the 
act  of  Congress,  approved  the  20th  of  April,  1818, 
entitled  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  publication  of 
the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," do  hereby  certify  that  the  Amendment  afore- 
said has  become  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  aa 
a  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my 
hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  Department  of  State 
to  be  afiixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  18th  day 
of  December,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  ISC'),  and  of 
the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of'  America 
the  90th. 

Wm.  H.  Sewaed,  Secretary  of  State. 


48  NATIONAL    IIANn-BOOK. 


THE  XIY  AMENDMENT. 

CONCEKNTSTG  EIGHTS  OF  CITIZENS,  EErRESENTATION,  RECON- 
STRUCTIOiSr,  AND  VALIDITY  OF  THE  PUBLIC  DEBT.  ADOPTED 
BY  CONGRESS  JUNE  13tiI,  1806,  AND  RATIFIED  BY  THREE- 
FOURTHS    OF     THE     LEGISLATURES     OF     THE     STATES,    JULY 

20Tn,  18G8. 

The  joint  resolution  as  passed  is  as  follows  : 
JResolved,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represen- 
tatives of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress 
assembled,  (two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring), 
That  the  following  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legis- 
latures of  the  several  States,  as  an  amendment  to  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  which,  when  rati- 
fied by  three-fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall  be 
valid  as  part  of  the  Constitution,  namely  : 

ARTICLE  — . 

§  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturah'zed  in  the 
United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof, 
are  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  the  States 
wherein    they   reside.     No    State    shall    make    or 


PE0P03ED   AMENDMENTS.  49 

enforce  any  law  wliicli  sliall  abridge  the  privileges  or 
inimunities  of  citizens  of  the  United  States ;  nor 
shall  any  State  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty  or 
happiness,  without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to 
any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protec- 
tion of  the  laws. 

§  2.  Eepresentatives  shall  be  apportioned  among 
the  several  States  according  to  their  respective  num- 
bers, counting  the  whole  number  of  persons,  exclud- 
Jig  Indians  not  taxed.  But  whenever  the  ridit  to 
vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  electors  for 
President  and  Yice-President,  representatives  in 
Congress,  executive  and  judicial  officers,  or  members 
of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the 
male  inhabitants  of  such  State,  being  21  years  of 
age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way 
abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or 
other  crime,  the  basis  of  representation  therein  shall 
be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of 
such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  tlie  whole  number  of 
male  citizens  21  years  of  age  in  such  State. 

§  3.  That  no  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Repre- 
sentative in  Congress,  or  elector  of  President  and 
Vice  President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or  military, 
under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  State,  who, 
having  previously  taken  an  oath  as  a  member  of 
Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as 
3 


50  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

a  member  of  any  State  Legislaturej  or  as  an  execu- 
tive or  judicial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  shall  have 
engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
game,  or  given  aid  and  comfort  to  the  enemies  there- 
of. But  Congress  may,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of 
each  House,  remove  such  disabilities. 

§  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the 
United  States  authorized  by  law,  including  debts 
incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  bounties  for 
services  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion, 
shall  not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United 
States  or  any  State  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or 
obligation  incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss 
or  emancipation  of  any  slave ;  but  all  such  debts, 
obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and 
void. 

§  5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce, 
by  appropriate  legislation,  the  provisions  of  this 
article. 


THE   OEDINANCE   OF    1787.  51 


ARTICLE   VI. 


r  THE    OEDIMNOE    OF   1787. 

Passed  by  Congress  previous  to  the  Adoption  of  the  New  Consti- 
tution^ and  subsequently  adopted  by  Congress,  Aug.  7,  1789, 
entitled,  "  An  Ordinance  for  the  Government  of  the  Terri- 
\i  tory  of  the  United  States  north-ivest  of  the  River  Ohio." 

0^  (All  the  Articles  of  this  ordinance,  previous  to  Article  VI., 

'J         relate  to  the  organization  and  powers  of  the  government  of  the 
\        territory,  the  following  section  being  all  that  relates  to  slavery.) 

T^ 

"^ 

>^  There  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involuntary 

l^^i       servitude  in   the  said  territory,  otherwise  than   in 

punishment  of  crimes,  whereof  the  party  shall  have 

been  duly  convicted  :     Provided  always,  that  any 

person  escaping  into  the  same,  from  whom  labor  or 

service  is  lawfully  claimed  in  any  one  of  the  original 

States,  such  fugitive  may  be  lawfully  reclaimed  and 

conveyed  to  the  person  claiming  his  or  her  labor  or 

service,  as  aforesaid. 

Done  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled 
the  thirteenth  day  of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1787,  and  of  the  sovereignty  and  Independence 
the  twelfth. 

William  Geatson,  CJiairman. 

Chaeles  Thompson,  Secretary. 


52  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


THE    FUGITIVE  SLAVE  BILL  OF  1793. 

ADOPTED   FEBETJAEY   12,  1793. 

An  Act  respecting  Fugitives  from  Justice^  and 
Persons  escaping  from  the  Service  of  tJieir 
Masters. 

Be  it  enacted  5y  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Cooi- 
gress  assembled,  That  whenever  the  executive 
authority  of  any  State  in  the  Union,  or  of  either  of 
tlie  territories  north-west  or  south  of  the  Eiver  Ohio, 
shall  demand  any  person,  as  a  fugitive  from  justice, 
of  the  executive  authority  of  any  such  State  or  Terri- 
tory to  which  such  person  shall  have  fled,  and  shall, 
moreover,  produce  the  copy  of  an  indictment  found, 
or  an  affidavit  made  before  a  magistrate  of  any  State 
or  Territory  as  aforesaid,  charging  tlie  person  so 
demanded  with  having  committed  treason,  felony,  or 
other  crime,  certified  as  authentic  by  the  governor  or 


THE  ru&rnvE  slave  bill  of  1793.  53 

chief  magistrate  of  the  State  or  Territory  from 
whence  the  person  so  charged  fled,  it  shall  he  the 
duty  of  the  executive  authority  of  the  State  or  Terri- 
tory to  which  such  person  shall  have  fled,  to  cause 
him  or  her  to  be  arrested  and  secured,  and  notice  of 
the  arrest  to  be  given  to  the  executive  authority 
making  such  demand,  or  to  the  agent  of  such 
authority  appointed  to  receive  the  fugitive,  and  to 
cause  the  fugitive  to  be  delivered  to  such  agent 
when  he  shall  appear.  But  if  no  such  agent  shall 
appear  within  six  months  from  the  time  of  tlie  arrest, 
the  prisoner  may  be  discharged.  And  all  costs  or 
expenses  incurred  in  the  apprehending,  securing,  and 
transmitting  such  fugitive  to  the  State  or  Territory 
making  such  demand,  shall  be  paid  by  such  State  or 
Territory. 

And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  any  agent 
appointed  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  receive  the  fugitive 
into  his  custody,  shall  be  empowered  to  transport 
him  or  her  to  the  State  or  Territory  from  which  he 
or  she  shall  have  fled.  And  if  any  person  or  persons 
shall  by  force  set  at  liberty  or  rescue  the  fugitive 
from  such  agent  while  transporting  as  aforesaid,  the 
person  or  persons  so  ofi*ending  shall,  on  conviction, 
be  fined  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars,  and  be 
imprisoned  not  exceeding  one  year. 

And  he  it  also  enacted^  That  when  a  person  held 


54  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

to  labor  in  any  of  the  United  States,  or  in  either  of 
the  Territories  on  the  north-west  or  south  of  the 
River  Ohio,  under  the  laws  thereof,  shall  escape  into 
any  other  of  the  said  States  or  Territory,  the  person 
to  whom  such  labor  or  service  may  be  due,  his  agent 
or  attorney,  is  hereby  empowered  to  seize  or  arrest 
such  fugitive  from  labor,  and  to  take  him  or  her 
before  any  judge  of  the  Circuit  or  District  Courts  of 
the  United  States,  residing  or  being  within  the 
State,  or  before  any  magistrate  of  a  county,  city,  or 
town  corporate,  wherein  such  seizure  or  arrest  shall 
be  made,  and  upon  proof  to  the  satisfaction  of  such 
judge  or  magistrate,  either  by  oral  testimony  or  affi- 
davit taken  before,  and  certified  by,  a  magistrate  of 
any  such  State  or  Territory,  that  the  person  so 
seized  or  arrested  doth,  under  the  laws  of  the  State 
or  Territorv  from  which  he  or  she  fled,  owe  services 
or  labor  to  the  person  claiming  him  or  her,  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  such  judge  or  magistrate  to  give  a 
certificate  thereof  to  such  claimant,  his  agent  or 
attorney,  which  shall  be  sufficient  warrant  for  remov- 
ing the  said  fugitive  from  labor  to  the  State  or 
Territory  from  which  he  or  she  fled. 

And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  any  person  who 
shall  knowingly  and  willingly  obstruct  or  hinder 
Buch  claimant,  his  agent  or  attorney,  in  so  seizing  or 
arresting  such  fugitive  from  labor,  or  shall  rescue 


THE  FTTGITIVE   SLAVE  BILL   OF   1850.  55 

such  fugitive  from  such  claimant,  his  agent  or  attor- 
ney, when  so  arrested  pursuant  to  the  authority 
herein  given  or  declared,  or  shall  harbor  or  conceal 
such  person  after  notice  that  he  or  she  was  a  fugitive 
from  labor  as  aforesaid,  shall,  for  either  of  the  said 
offences,  forfeit  and  pay  the  sum  of  five  hundred 
dollars.  Which  penalty  may  be  recovered  by  and 
for  the  benefit  of  such  claimant,  by  action  of  debt,  in 
any  court  proper  to  try  the  same ;  saving,  moreover, 
to  the  person  claiming  such  labor  or  service,  hia 
right  of  action  for  or  on  account  of  the  said  injuries, 
or  either  of  them. 


THE  FUGITIVE  SLAVE  BILL   OF  1850. 

SIGNED     SEPTEMBEE     18,     1850. 

An  Act  to  amend,  and  supplementary  to  the  Act 
entitled  ^^An  Act  respecting  Fugitives  from, 
Justice^  and  Persons  escaping  from  the  Service  of 
their  Masters^''  approved  February  twelfth,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-three. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Hepre- 
sentatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in 
Congress  assembled,  That  the  persons  who  have  been, 
or   may  hereafter   be,  appointed  commissioners,  in 


56 


NATIONAL    nAND-BOOK. 


virtue  of  any  act  of  Congress,  by  the  Circuit  Courts 
of  the  United  States,  and  who,  in  consequence  of  such 
ap])ointment,  are  authorized  to  exercise  the  powers 
that  any  justice  of  the  peace,  or  other  magistrate  of 
any  of  tlie  United  States,  may  exercise  in  respect  to 
otfenders  for  any  crime  or  otfence  against  the  United 
States,  by  arresting,  imprisoning,  or  bailing  the 
same  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  thirty-third  section 
of  the  act  of  the  twenty-fourth  of  September,  seven- 
teen hundred  and  eighty-nine,  entitled  "  An  Act  to 
establish  the  judicial  courts  of  the  United  States," 
shall  be,  and  are  hereby,  authorized  and  required  to 
exercise  and  discharge  all  the  powers  and  duties 
conferred  by  this  act. 

And  he  it  fui'ther  enacted^  That  the  Superior 
Court  of  each  organized  Territory  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  the  same  power  to  appoint  commis- 
sioners to  take  acknowledgments  of  bail  and  atii- 
davits,  and  to  take  depositions  of  witnesses  in  civil 
causes,  which  is  now  possessed  by  the  Circuit  Court 
of  the  United  States ;  and  all  commissioners  who 
shall  hereafter  be  appointed  for  such  purposes  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  any  organized  Territory  of  the 
United  States,  shall  possess  all  the  powers,  and  exer- 
cise all  the  duties,  conferred  by  law  upon  the 
commissioners  appointed  by  the  Circuit  Courts  of 
the  United  States  for  similar  purposes,  and   shall 


THE   FUGITIVE   SLAVE   BILL    OF    1850.  57 

moreover  exercise  and  discharge  all  the  powers  and 
duties  conferred  by  this  act. 

And  1)6  it  further  enacted^  That  the  Circuit 
Courts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Superior  Courts 
of  each  organized  Territory  of  the  United  States, 
shall  from  time  to  time  enlarge  the  number  of  com- 
missioners, with  a  view  to  afford  reasonable  facilities 
to  reclaim  fugitives  from  labor,  and  to  the  prompt 
discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  bj  this  act. 

And  1)6  it  further  enacted,  That  the  commis- 
sioners above  named  shall  have  concurrent  jurisdic- 
tion with  the  judges  of  the  Circuit  and  District 
Courts  of  the  United  States,  in  their  respective 
circuits  and  districts  within  the  several  States,  and 
the  judges  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  the  Territories 
severally  and  collectively,  in  term  time  and  vaca- 
tion ;  and  shall  grant  certificates  to  such  claimants 
upon  satisfactory  proof  being  made,  with  authority 
to  take  and  remove  such  fugitives  from  service  or 
labor,  under  the  restrictions  herein  contained,  to  the 
State  or  Territory  from  which  such  persons  may 
have  escaped  or  fled. 

And  1)6  it  further  enacted,  That  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  all  marshals  and  deputy  marshals  to  obey 
and  execute  all  warrants  and  precepts  issued  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  when  to  them  directed ; 
and  should  any  marshal  or  deputy  marshal  refuse  to 
3* 


58  NATIONAL    nAND-BOOK. 

receive  such  warrant,  or  other  process,  when  tend- 
ered, or  to  use  all  proper  means  diligently  to 
execute  the  same,  he  shall,  on  conviction  thereof, 
be  fined  in  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  to  ths 
use  of  such  claimant,  on  the  motion  of  such  claimant, 
by  the  Circuit  or  District  Court  for  the  district  of 
such  marshal ;  and  after  arrest  of  such  fugitive,  by 
such  marshal  or  his  deputy,  or  whilst  at  any  time  in 
his  custody,  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  should 
such  fugitive  escape,  whether  with  or  without  the  as- 
sent of  such  marshal  or  his  deputy,  such  marshal  shall 
be  liable,  on  his  official  bond,  to  be  prosecuted  for 
the  benefit  of  such  claimant,  for  the  full  value  of  the 
service  or  labor  of  said  fugitivo  in  the  State,  Terri- 
tory, or  district  whence  he  escaped ;  and  the  better 
to  enable  said  commissioners,  when  thus  appointed, 
to  execute  their  duties  faithfully  and  efficiently,  in 
conformity  with  the  requirements  of  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  of  this  act,  they  are  hereby 
authorized  and  empowered,  within  their  counties 
respectively,  to  appoint,  in  writing  under  their 
hands,  any  one  or  more  suitable  persons,  from  time 
to  time,  to  execute  all  such  warrants  and  other  pro 
cess  as  may  be  issued  by  them  in  the  lawful 
performance  of  their  respective  duties ;  with 
authority  to  such  commissioners,  or  the  persons  to  be 
appointed  by  them,  to  execute  process  as  aforesaid, 


THE   FTJGrnVE    SLAVE   BILL    OF    1850.  69 

to  summon  and  call  to  their  aid  the  bystanders,  or 
passe  comitatus  of  the  proper  county,  when  necessary 
to  insure  a  faithful  observance  of  the  clause  of  the 
constitution  referred  to,  in  conformity  with  the  pro 
visions  of  this  act ;  and  all  good  citizens  are  hereby 
commanded  to  aid  and  assist  in  the  prompt  and  effi- 
cient execution  of  this  law,  whenever  their  services 
may  be  required,  as  aforesaid,  for  that  purpose  ;  and 
said  warrants  shall  run,  and  be  executed  by  said 
officers,  any  where  in  the  State  within  which  they 
are  issued. 

^nd  he  it  further  enacted,  That  when  a  person 
held  to  service  or  labor  in  any  State  or  Territory  of 
the  United  States  has  heretofore  or  shall  hereafter 
escape  into  another  State  or  Territory  of  the  United 
States,  the  person  or  persons  to  whom  such  service 
or  labor  may  be  due,  or  his,  her,  or  their  agent  or 
attorney,  duly  authorized  by  power  of  attorney,  in 
writing  acknowledged  and  certified  under  the  seal  of 
some  legal  officer  or  court  of  the  State  or  Territory 
in  which  the  same  may  be  executed,  may  pursue  and 
reclaim  such  fugitive  person,  either  by  procuring  a 
warrant  from  some  one  of  the  courts,  judges,  or  com- 
missioners aforesaid,  of  the  proper  circuit,  district,  or 
county,  for  the  apprehension  of  such  fugitive  from 
service  or  labor,  or  bv  seizing  and  arresting  such 
fugitive  where  the  same  can  be  done  without  pro- 


60  NATIOISrAL    IIAND-BOOK. 

cess,  and  by  taking,  or  causing  such  person  to  be 
taken  fortliwitli  before  such  court,  judge,  or  commis- 
sioner, whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  hear  and  determine 
the  case  of  such  claimant  in  a  summary  manner ; 
and  upon  satisfactory  proof  being  made,  by  deposi- 
tion or  athdavit,  in  writing,  to  be  taken  and  certified 
by  such  court,  judge,  or  commissioner,  or  by  other 
satisfactory  testimony,  duly  taken  and  certified  by 
some  court,  magistrate,  justice  of  the  peace,  or  other 
legal  officer  authorized  to  administer  an  oath  and 
take  depositions  under  the  laws  of  the  State  or  Terri- 
tory from  which  such  person  owing  service  or  labor 
may  have  escaped,  with  a  certificate  of  such  magis- 
tracy, or  other  authority  as  aforesaid,  with  the  seal 
of  the  proper  court  or  officer  thereto  attached,  which 
seal  shall  be  sufficient  to  establish  the  competency  of 
the  proof,  also  by  affidavit,  of  the  identity  of  the  per- 
son whose  service  or  labor  is  claimed  to  be  due  as 
aforesaid,  that  the  person  so  arrested  does  in  fact 
owe  service  or  labor  to  the  person  or  persons  claim- 
ing him  or  her,  in  the  State  or  Territory  from  which 
such  fugitive  may  have  escaped  as  aforesaid,  and 
that  said  person  escaped,  to  make  out  and  deliver  to 
such  claimant,  his  or  her  agent  or  attorney,  a  certifi- 
cate setting  fortli  the  substantial  facts  as  to  the 
service  or  labor  due  from  such  fugitive  to  the  claim- 
ant,  and  of  his  or   her  escape  from   the   State  or 


THE   FUGirrVE   SLAVE  BILL   OF   1850.  61 

Territory  in  wliicli  sncli  service  or  labor  was  due  to 
the  State  or  Territory  in  wliicli  lie  or  she  was 
arrested,  with  authority  to  such  claimant,  or  his  or 
her  agent  or  attorney,  to  use  such  reasonable  force 
and  restraint  as  may  be  necessary,  under  the  circum- 
stances of  the  case,  to  take  and  remove  such  fugitive 
person  back  to  the  State  or  Territory  whence  he  or 
she  may  have  escaped  as  aforesaid.  In  no  trial  or 
hearing  under  this  act  shall  the  testimony  of  such 
alleged  fugitive  be  admitted  in  evidence ;  and  the 
certificates  in  this  and  the  first  (fourth)  section  men- 
tioned, shall  be  conclusive  of  the  right  of  the  person 
or  persons  in  whose  favor  granted,  to  remove  such 
fugitive  to  the  State  or  Territory  from  which  he 
escaped,  and  shall  prevent  all  molestation  of  such 
person  or  persons  by  any  process  issued  by  any  court, 
judge,  magistrate,  or  other  person  whomsoever. 

A7id  he  it  furtlier  enacted.,  That  any  person  who 
-shall  knowingly  and  willingly  obstruct,  hinder,  or 
prevent  such  claimant,  his  agent  or  attorney,  or  any 
person  or  persons  lawfully  assisting  him,  her,  or 
them,  from  arresting  such  a  fugitive  from  service  or 
labor,  either  with  or  without  process  as  aforesaid,  or 
shall  rescue  or  attempt  to  rescue  such  fugitive  from 
service  or  labor  from  the  custodv  of  such  claimant, 
his  or  her  agent  or  attorney,  or  other  person  or 
persons     lawfully    assisting     as      aforesaid,    when 


62  NATIONAL    nAND-BOOK. 

SO  arrested  pursuant  to  the  authority  herciu  given 
and  declared,  or  shall  aid,  abet,  or  assist  such  person 
so  owing  service  or  labor  as  aforesaid,  directlj  or 
indirectly,  to  escape  from  such  claimant,  his  agent  or 
attorney,  or  other  person  or  persons  legally  author- 
ized as  aforesaid,  or  shall  harbor  or  conceal  such 
fugitive,  so  as  to  prevent  the  discovery  and  arrest  of 
such  person,  after  notice  or  knowledge  of  the  fact 
that  such  person  was  a  fugitive  from  service  or  labor 
as  aforesaid,  shall,  for  either  of  said  offences,  be 
subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars, 
"and  imprisonment  not  exceeding  six  months,  by 
indictment  and  conviction  before  the  District  Court 
of  the  United  States  for  the  district  in  which  such 
offence  may  have  been  committed,  or  before  the 
proper  court  of  criminal  jurisdiction,  if  committed 
within  any  one  of  the  organized  Territories  of  the 
United  States,  and  shall  moreover  forfeit  and  pay, 
byway  of  civil  damages  to  the  party  injured  by  such 
illegal  conduct,  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  for 
each  fugitive  so  lost  as  aforesaid,  to  be  recovered  by 
action  of  debt  in  any  of  tlie  district  or  territorial 
courts  aforesaid,  within  whose  jurisdiction  the  said 
offence  may  have  been  committed. 

And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  the  marshals, 
their  deputies,  and  the  clerks  of  the  said  district  and 
territorial  courts,  shall  be  paid  for  their  services  the 


THE   FUGITIVE    SLAVE   BILL    OF    1850.  63 

like  fees  as  may  be  allowed  to  them  for  similar 
services  iii  other  cases ;  and  where  such  services  are 
rendered  exclusively  in  the  arrest,  custody,  and 
delivery  of  the  fugitive  to  the  claimant,  his  or  her 
agent  or  attorney,  or  where  such  supposed  fugitive 
may  be  discharged  out  of  custody  for  the  want  of 
suflicient  proof  as  aforesaid,  then  such  fees  are  to  be 
paid  in  the  whole  by  such  claimant,  his  agent  or 
attorney  ;  and  in  all  cases  where  the  proceedings  are 
before  a  commissioner,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  a  fee 
of  ten  dollars  in  full  for  his  services  in  each  case, 
upon  the  delivery  of  the  said  certificate  to  the  claim- 
ant, his  or  her  agent  or  attorney ;  or  a  fee  of  five 
dollars  in  cases  where  the  proof  shall  not,  in  the 
opinion  of  such  commissioner,  warrant  such  certifi- 
cate and  delivery,  inclusive  of  all  services  incident  to 
such  arrest  or  examination,  to  be  paid  in  either  case 
by  the  claimant,  his  or  her  agent  or  attorney.  The 
person  or  persons  authorized  to  execute  the  process 
to  be  issued  by  such  commissioner  for  the  arrest  and 
detention  of  fugitives  from  service  or  labor  as  afore- 
said, shall  also  be  entitled  to  a  fee  of  five  dollars 
each,  for  each  person  he  or  they  may  arrest  and  take 
before  any  such  commissioner,  as  aforesaid,  at  the' 
instance  and  request  of  such  claimant,  with  such 
other  fees  as  may  be  deemed  reasonable  by  such 
commissioners  for  such  other  additional  services  as 


6-1  NATIONAL    nAND-BOOK. 

may  be  necessarily  performed  by  liiin  or  tliem  ;  such 
as  attendin*^  at  the  examination,  keeping  the  i'ugi* 
tive  in  custody,  and  providing  him  with  food  and 
lodging  during  his  detention  and  until  the  final 
determination  of  such  commissioner;  and,  in  general, 
for  performing  such  other  duties  as  may  be  required 
by  such  claimant,  his  or  her  attorney  or  agent,  or 
commissioner  in  the  premises.  Such  fees  to  be 
made  up  in  conformity  with  the  fees  usually  charged 
by  the  officers  of  the  courts  of  juctice  within  the 
proper  district  or  county,  as  near  as  may  be  practica- 
ble, and  paid  by  such  claimants,  their  agents  or 
attorneys,  whether  such  supposed  fugitives  from 
service  or  labor  be  ordered  to  be  delivered  to  such 
claimants  by  the  final  determination  of  such  commis 
sioner  or  not. 

And  he  it  further  enacted,,  That,  upon  affidavit 
made  by  the  claimant  of  such  fugitive,  his  agent  oi 
attorney,  after  such  certificate  has  been  issued  that 
he  has  reason  to  apprehend  that  such  fugitive  will  be 
rescued  by  force  from  his  or  her  possession  before  he 
can  be  taken  beyond  the  limits  of  the  State  in  which 
the  arrest  is  made,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  officer 
making  the  arrest  to  retain  such  fugitive  in  his  cus- 
tody, and  to  remove  him  to  the  State  whence  he 
fled,  and  there  deliver  him  to  said  claimant,  his 
agent   or   attorney.     And   to   this   end,  the   officer 


THE   FUGirrVE   SLAVE  BILL   OF   1850.  65 

aforesaid  is  lieroby  autliorized  and  required  to  employ 
60  many  persons  as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  overcome 
such  force,  and  to  retain  them  in  his  service  so  long 
as  circumstances  may  require.  The  said  officer  and 
his  assistants  while  so  employed  to  receive  the  com- 
pensation, and  to  be  allowed  the  same  expenses,  as 
are  now  allowed  by  law  for  transportation  of  crimi- 
nals, to  be  certified  by  the  judge  of  the  district 
within  which  the  arrest  is  made,  and  paid  out  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  when  any  per- 
son held  to  service  or  labor  in  any  State  or  Terri- 
tory, or  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  shall  escape 
therefrom,  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor 
may  be  due,  his,  her,  or  their  agent  or  attorney,  may 
apply  to  any  court  of  record  therein,  or  judge 
thereof  in  vacation,  and  make  satisfactory  proof  to 
such  court,  or  judge  in  vacation,  of  the  escape  afore- 
said, and  that  the  person  escaping  owed  service  or 
labor  to  such  party.  "Whereupon  the  court  shall 
cause  a  record  to  be  made  of  the  matters  so  proved, 
and  also  a  general  description  of  the  person  so  escap- 
ing with  such  convenient  certainty  as  may  be  ;  and 
a  transcript  of  such  record,  authenticated  by  the 
attestation  of  the  clerk  and  of  the  seal  of  the  said 
court,  being  produced  in  any  other  State,  Territory, 
or  district  in  which  the  person  so  escaping  may  be 


Q6  NATIONAL  hand-booe:. 

found,  and  beinc^  exhibited  to  any  judge,  commis- 
sioner, or  other  officer  authorized  by  the  law  of  the 
United  States  to  cause  persons  escaping  from  service 
or  labor  to  be  delivered  up,  shall  be  held  and  taken 
to  be  full  and  conclusive  evidence  of  the  fact  of  tlie 
escape,  and  that  the  service  or  labor  of  the  person 
escaping  is  due  to  the  party  in  such  record  men- 
tioned. And  upon  the  production  by  the  said  party 
of  other  and  further  evidence  if  necessary,  either 
oral  or  by  affidavit,  in  addition  to  what  is  contained 
in  the  said  record  of  the  identity  of  the  person  escap- 
ing, he  or  she  shall  be  delivered  up  to  the  claimant. 
And  the  said  court,  commissioner,  judge,  or  other 
person  authorized  by  this  act  to  grant  certificates  to 
claimants  of  fugitives,  shall,  upon  the  production  of 
the  record  and  other  evidences  aforesaid,  grant  to 
such  claimant  a  certificate  of  his  right  to  take  any 
such  person  identified  and  proved  to  be  owing 
service  or  labor  as  aforesaid,  which  shall  authorize 
such  claimant  to  seize  or  arrest  and  transport  such 
person  to  the  State  or  Territory  from  which  he 
escaped.  Provided.,  That  nothing  herein  contained 
shall  be  construed  as  requiring  the  production  of  a 
transcript  of  such  record  as  evidence  as  aforesaid. 
But  in  its  absence  the  claim  shall  be  heard  and 
determined  upon  other  satisfactory  proofs,  competent 
in  law. 


THE  MISSOUKI  COMPEOMISE.  67 


THE    MISSOUEI   COMPEOMISE. 

ADOPTED   MAEOH    6,    1820. 

An  Act  to  authorize  the  People  of  the  Missouri 
Territory  to  fonn  a  Constitution  and  State  Gov- 
ernment, and  for  the  Admission  of  such  State  into 
the  Union  on  an  equal  Footing  with  the  original 
States,  and  to  jprohibit  Slavery  in  certain  Terri- 
tories. 

(All  the  previous  sections  of  this  act  relate  entirely  to  the 
formation  of  the  Missouri  Territory  in  the  usual  form  of  territo- 
xial  bills,  the  8th  section  only  relating  to  the  slavery  question,) 

And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  in  all  that 
Territory  ceded  bj  France  to  the  United  States, 
under  the  name  of  Louisiana,  which  lies  north  of 
thirtj-six  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  north  latitude, 
"not  included  within  the  limits  of  the  State  contem- 
plated by  their  act,  slavery  and  involuntary  servi- 
tude, otherwise  than  in  the  punishment  of  crimes, 
whereof  the  parties  shall  have  been  duly  convicted, 


68  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 

sliall  be,  and  is  hereby,  ibrever  proliibitcd.  Pro- 
vided always^  That  any  person  escaping  into  the 
same,  from  whom  labor  or  service  is  lawfully 
claimed,  in  any  State  or  Territory  of  tlie  United 
States,  sucli  fugitive  may  be  lawfully  reclaimed  and 
conveyed  to  the  person  claiming  his  or  her  labor  or 
service  as  aforesaid. 


THE     XY     AMEKDMEXT. 

No  Distinction  in  Colok. 

The  following  resolution  proposing  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  passed 
Congress,  February  27th,  18G9  : 

Resolved,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Hepresen- 
tatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Cono-ress 
assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring, 
that  the  following  ai-ticle  be  proposed  to  the  Legis- 
latures of  the  several  States,  as  an  amendment  to  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  which,  when 
ratified  by  three-fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall 
be  valid  as  part  of  the  Constitution,  namely  : 

Article  15,  Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of 
the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or 
abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State  on 
account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  ser- 
vitude. 

Si:c.  2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce 

this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

liatifiedl>)j  three-fotiTths  of  the  States,  Mar.  30, 1370. 


BATTLES   OF  THE   EEVOLUTION".  69 


BATTLES   OF  THE  EEVOLUTIOE 


The  following  statistics  show  the  losses  of  life  in 
the  various  battles  of  the  American  Revolution,  also 
the  dates  of  the  several  battles  : 

Britisli      American 

Loss.  Loss. 

Lexington,  April  15,  1775 273  84 

Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1775 1054  456 

Flatbush,  August  12,  1776 400  200 

White  Plains,  August  26,  1776 400  400 

Trenton,  Decemlter  25,  1776 1000  9 

Princeton,  January  5,  1777 400  100 

Ilubbardstown,  August  17,  1777 800  800 

Bennington,  August  16,  1777 800  100 

Brandywine,  September  11,  1777 500  1100 

Stillwater,  September  17,  1777 600  850 

Germantown,  October  5, 1777 600  1250 

Saratoga,  October  17,  1777* 5752  

Ked  Hook,  October  22,  1777 500  32 

Monmouth,  June  25,  1778 400  130 

Rhode  Island,  August  27,  1778 260  214 

Briar  Creek,  March  30,  1779 13  400 

Stony  Point,  July  15,  1779 600  100 

Camden,  August  16,  1779 375  610 

Eing'e  Mountam,  October  1,  1780 950  66 

Cowpens,  January  17,  1781 800  72 

Guilford  C.  H.,  March  15,  1781 532  400 

Hobldrk's  Hill,  April  25,  1781 400  460 

Eutaw  Springs,  September,  1781 1000  550 

Yorktown,  October,  1781* 7072  

Total 25,481  7913 

♦  SiuTendered. 


70  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


INAUGUEAL    ADDEESS    OF   GEOEGE 
WASHINGTON. 

FIEST    PEESIDENT    OF    THE     UNITED     STATES,     DELIVEEED    AI'EIL 

80,    1789. 

Fellow-Citizens  of  the  Senate  and  House  op 
Representatives — Among  the  vicissitudes  incident 
to  life,  no  event  could  have  filled  me  with  greater 
anxieties  than  that  of  which  the  notification  was 
transmitted  by  your  order,  and  received  on  the  four- 
teenth day  of  the  present  month.  On  the  one  hand 
I  was  summoned  by  my  country,  whose  voice  I  can 
never  hear  but  with  veneration  and  love,  from  a 
retreat  which  I  had  chosen  with  the  fondest  predi- 
lection, and  in  my  flattering  hopes  with  an  immuta- 
ble decision  as  the  asylum  of  my  declining  years ;  a 
retreat  which  was  rendered  every  day  more  necessary 
as  well  as  more  dear  to  me,  by  the  addition  of  habit 
to  inclination,  and  of  frequent  interruptions  in  my 
health  to  the  gradual  waste  committed  on  it  by  time. 


INAIJGIIEAL   ADDEESS   OF   GEOKGE   WASHINGTON.     71 

On  tlie  other  hand,  the  magnitude  and  difficulty  of 
the  trust  to  which  the  voice  of  my  country  called  me 
being  sufficient  to  awaken  in  the  wisest  and  most 
experienced  of  her  citizens  a  distrustful  scrutiny  into 
Lis  qualifications,  could  not  but  overwhelm  with  de- 
spondence one  who,  inheriting  inferior  endowments 
from  nature,  and  unpracticed  in  the  duties  of  civil 
administration,  ought  to  be  peculiarly  conscious  of 
his  own  deficiencies.  In  this  conflict  of  emotions,  all 
I  dare  aver  is,  that  it  has  been  my  faithful  study  to 
collect  my  duty  from  a  just  appreciation  of  every 
circumstance  by  which  it  might  be  affected.  All  I 
dare  hope  is,  that  if,  in  executing  this  task,  I  have 
been  too  much  swayed  by  a  grateful  remembrance 
of  former  instances,  or  by  any  afiectionate  sensibility 
to  this  transcendent  proof  of  the  confidence  of  my 
fellow-citizens,  and  have  thence  too  little  consulted 
my  incapacity  as  well  as  disinclination,  for  the 
weighty  and  untried  cares  before  me,  my  error  will 
be  palliated  by  the  motives  which  misled  me,  and  its 
consequences  be  judged  by  my  country  with  some 
share  of  the  partiality  with  which  they  originated. 

Such  being  the  impressions  under  which  I  have, 
in  obedience  to  the  public  summons,  repaired  to  the 
present  station,  it  would  be  peculiarly  improper  to 
omit  in  this  first  official  act,  my  fervent  supplica- 
tions to  that  Almighty  Being  who  rules  over  the 


72  NATIONxYL    nAND-BOOK. 

universe,  who  presides  in  the  councils  of  nations,  and 
whose  providential  aids  can  supply  every  human 
defect  that  his  benediction  may  consecrate  to  the 
liberties  and  happiness  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  a  government  instituted  by  themselves  for 
tliese  essential  purposes,  and  may  enable  every  in- 
strument employed  in  its  administration  to  execute 
with  success  the  functions  allotted  to  his  charge.  In 
tendering  this  homage  to  the  great  author  of  every 
public  and  private  good,  I  assure  myself  that  it  ex- 
presses your  sentiments,  not  less  than  my  own,  nor 
those  of  my  fellow-citizens  at  large  less  than  either. 
"No  people  can  be  bound  to  acknowledge  and  adore 
the  invisible  hand  which  conducts  the  affairs  of  men 
more  than  the  people  of  the  United  States.  Every 
step  by  which  they  have  advanced  to  the  character 
of  an  independent  nation  seems  to  have  been  distin- 
guished by  some  token  of  providential  agency,  and 
in  the  important  revolution  just  accomplished  in  the 
system  of  their  united  government  the  tranquil  de- 
liberations and  voluntary  consent  of  so  many  distinct 
communities  from  which  the  event  has  resulted  can- 
not be  compared  with  the  means  by  which  most  gov- 
ernments have  been  established  without  some  return 
of  pious  gratitude  along  with  a  humble  anticipation 
of  the  future  blessings  which  the  past  seem  to  presage. 
These   reflections   arising  out  of  the  present   crisis 


rCTAUGHRAL   ADDRESS   OF   GEOEGE  WASHIN-GTOX.    73 

have  forced  themselves  too  strongly  on  mj  mind  to 
be  suppressed.  You  will  join  with  me,  I  trust,  in 
thinking  that  there  are  none  under  the  influence  of 
which  the  proceedings  of  anew  and  free  government 
can  more  auspiciously  commence. 

By  the  article  establishing  the  executive  depart- 
ment it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  President  "  to  re- 
commend to  your  consideration  such  measures  as  he 
shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient."  The  circum- 
stances under  which  I  now  meet  you  will  acquit  me 
from  entering  into  that  subject  farther  than  to  refer 
to  the  great  constitutional  charter  under  which  you 
are  assembled,  and  which  in  defining  your  powers 
designates  the  objects  to  which  your  attention  is  to 
be  given.  It  will  be  more  consistent  with  those  cir- 
cumstances, and  far  more  congenial  with  the  feelings 
which  actuate  me  to  substitute  in  place  of  a  recom- 
mendation of  particular  measures,  the  tribute  that 
is  due  to  the  talents,  the  rectitude,  and  the  patriot- 
ism which  adorn  the  characters  selected  to  devise 
and  adopt  them.  In  these  honorable  qualifications,  I 
behold  the  surest  pledges  that  as  on  one  side  no  local 
prejudices  or  attachments,  no  separate  views,  no 
party  animosities  will  misdirect  the  comprehensive 
and  equal  eye  which  ought  to  watch  over  this 
great  assemblage  of  communities  and  interests,  so  on 
another,  that  the  foundations  of  our  national  policy 


- 

t 


74:  iJatioxal   IIA^^D-BOOK. 

"will  be  laid  in  the  pure  and  immutable  principles  of 
private  morality,  and  the  pre-eminence  of  free  gov- 
ernment be  exemplified  by  all  the  attributes  which 
can  win  the  affections  of  its  citizens  and  command 
the  respect  of  the  world.  I  dwell  on  this  prospect 
with  every  satisfaction  which  an  ardent  love  for  my 
country  can  inspire,  since  there  is  no  truth  more  thor- 
oughly established  than  that  there  exists  in  the  econ- 
omy and  course  of  nature,  an  indissoluble  union  be- 
tween virtue  and  happiness,  between  duty  and 
advantage,  between  the  genuine  maxims  of  an  honest 
and  magnanimous  policy  and  the  solid  rewards  of 
the  public  prosperity  and  felicity.  Since  we  ought 
to  be  no  less  persuaded  that*the  propitious  smiles  of 
heaven  can  never  be  expected  on  a  nation  that  dis- 
regards the  eternal  rules  of  order  and  right  which 
heaven  itself  has  ordained,  and  since  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  sacred  fire  of  Liberty,  and  the  destiny  of 
the  republican  model  of  government  are  justly  con- 
sidered as  deeply,  perhaps  as  finally  staked  on  the 
experiment  entrusted  to  the  hands  of  the  American 
people.  Besides  the  ordinary  objects  submitted  to 
your  care,  it  will  remain  with  your  judgment  to 
decide  how  far  an  exercise  of  the  occasional  power 
delegated  by  the  fifth  article  of  the  Constitution  is  ren- 
dered expedient  at  the  present  juncture  by  the  nature 
of  the   objections  which  have  been   urged  against 


INAUGURAL   ADDEESS   OF   GEOEGE  WASHEN^GTON.     75 

the  system,  or  by  the  degree  of  inquietude  which  has 
given  birth  to  them.  Instead  of  undertaking  partic- 
ular recommendations  on  this  subject  in  which  1 
could  be  guided  by  no  lights  derived  from  official 
opportunities,  I  shall  again  give  way  to  my  entire 
confidence  in  your  discernment  aud  pursuit  of  the 
public  good,  for  I  assure  myself  that  while  you  care- 
fully avoid  every  alteration  which  might  endanger 
the  benefits  of  an  united  and  efiective  government, 
or  which  ought  to  await  the  future  lessons  of  experi- 
ence, a  reverence  for  the  characteristic  riglits  of 
freemen,  and  a  regard  for  the  public  harmony  will 
sufficiently  influence  your  deliberations  on  the  ques- 
tion, how  far  the  former  can  be  more  impregnably 
fortified,  or  the  latter  be  safely  and  advantageously 
promoted. 

To  the  preceding  observations  I  have  one  to  add, 
which  will  be  most  properly  addressed  to  the  House 
of  E-epresentatives.  It  concerns  myself,  and  will, 
tlierefore,  be  as  brief  as  possible.  "When  I  was  first 
honored  with  a  call  into  the  service  of  my  country, 
then  on  the  eve  of  an  arduous  struggle  for  its  liber- 
ties, the  light  in  which  I  comtemplated  my  duty 
required  that  I  should  renounce  every  pecuniary 
compensation.  From  this  resolution  I  have  in  no 
instance  departed,  and  being  still  under  the  impres- 
sions which  prodiiced  it,  I  must  decline  as  inapplica 


76  NATIOJiTAT.    HAND-BOOK. 

ble  to  mjself  any  sliare  in  the  personal  emoluments 
"wliicli  may  be  indispensably  included  in  a  perma- 
nent provision  for  the  executive  department,  and 
must  accordingly  pray  that  the  pecuniary  estimates 
for  the  station  in  which  I  am  placed,  may,  during 
my  continuance  in  it,  be  limited  to  such  actual  ex- 
penditures as  the  public  good  may  be  thought  to 
require. 

Having  thus  imparted  to  you  my  sentiments,  as 
as  they  have  heen  awakened  by  the  occasion  which 
brings  us  together,  I  shall  take  my  present  leave, 
but  not  without  resorting  once  more  to  the  benign 
parent  of  the  human  race  in  humble  supplication, 
that  since  he  has  been  pleased  to  favor  the  American 
people  with  opportunities  for  deliberating  in  perfect 
tranquillity,  and  dispositions  for  deciding  with  un- 
paralleled unanimity  on  a  form  of  government  for 
the  security  of  their  union  and  the  advancement  of 
their  happiness,  so  His  divine  blessing  may  be 
equally  conspicuous  in  the  enlarged  views,  the  tem- 
perate consultations,  and  the  wise  measures  on  which 
the  success  of  this  government  must  depend. 


Washington's  farewell  address.  77 


WASHINGTON'S  FAEEWELL  ADDRESS. 


»»• 


Friends  and  Fellow-Citizens — The  period  for  a 
new  election  of  a  citizen  to  administer  the  executive 
government  of  the  United  States  not  being  far  dis- 
tant, and  the  time  actually  arrived  when  your 
thoughts  must  be  employed  in  designating  the  person 
who  is  to  be  clothed  with  that  important  trust,  it 
appears  to  me  proper,  especially  as  it  may  conduce 
to  a  more  distinct  expression  of  the  public  voice,  that 
I  should  now  apprise  you  of  the  resolution  I  have 
formed,  to  decline  being  considered  among  the  num- 
ber of  those  out  of  whom  a  choice  is  to  be  made. 

I  beg  you,  at  the  same  time,  to  do  me  the  justice 
to  be  assured  that  this  resolution  has  not  been  taken 
without  a  Etrict  regard  to  all  the  considerations  ap- 
pertaining to  the  relation  which  binds  a  dutiful  citi- 
zen to  his  country;  and  that,  in  withdrawing  the 
tender   of  service   which   silence,  in  mj  situation, 


78  N^ATIONAL    HAKD-BOOK. 

might  imply,  T  am  influenced  by  no  diminution  of 
zeal  for  your  futnre  interest,  no  deficiency  of  grateful 
respect  for  your  past  kindness,  but  am  supported  by 
a  full  conviction  that  the  step  is  compatible  with 
both. 

The  acceptance  of,  and  continuance  hitherto  in, 
the  office  to  which  your  suffrages  have  twice  called 
me,  have  been  a  uniform  sacrilice  of  inclination  to  the 
opinion  of  duty,  and  to  a  deference  for  what  appeared 
to  be  your  desire.  I  constantly  hoped  that  it  would 
have  been  much  earlier  in  my  power,  consistently 
with  motives  wliich  I  was  not  at  liberty  to  disregard, 
to  return  to  that  retirement  from  which  I  had  been 
reluctantly  drawn.  The  strength  of  my  inclination 
to  do  this,  previous  to  the  last  election,  had  been  led 
to  the  preparation  of  an  address  to  declare  it  to  you; 
but  mature  reflection  on  the  then  perplexed  and 
critical  posture  of  our  afi'airs  with  foreign  nations, 
and  the  unanimous  advice  of  persons  entitled  to  my 
confidence,  impelled  me  to  abandon  the  idea. 

I  rejoice  that  the  state  of  your  concerns,  external 
as  well  as  internal,  no  longer  renders  the  pursuit  of 
inclination  incompatible  with  the  sentiment  of  duty 
or  propriety ;  and  am  persuaded,  whatever  partiality 
may  be  retained  for  my  services,  that,  in  the  present 
circumstances  of  our  country,  you  will  not  disapprove 
my  determination  to  retire. 


WASHESTGTOJSr's  FAEEWELL  ABDEESS.  79 

The  impressions  -with  wliich  I  first  undertook  tlio 
arduous  trust  were  explained  on  the  proper  occasion. 
In  the  discharge  of  this  trust,  I  will  only  say,  that  I 
have  with  good  intentions  contributed  toward  the 
organization  and  administration  of  the  government 
the  best  exertions  of  which  a  very  fallible  judgment 
was  capable.  Not  unconscious  in  the  outset  of  the 
inferiority  of  my  qualifications,  experience,  in  my 
own  eyes — ^perhaps  still  more  in  the  eyes  of  others — 
has  strengthened  the  motives  to  diffidence  of  myself; 
and  every  day  the  increasing  weight  of  years  admon- 
ishes me,  more  and  more,  that  the  shade  of  retire- 
ment is  as  necessary  to  me  as  it  will  be  welcome. 
Satisfied  that,  if  any  circumstances  have  given  pecu- 
liar value  to  my  services,  they  were  temporary,  I  have 
the  consolation  to  believe  that,  while  choice  and  pru- 
dence invite  me  to  quit  the  political  scene,  patriotism 
does  not  forbid  it. 

tn  looking  forward  to  the  moment  which  is  in- 
tended  to  terminate  the  career  of  my  public  life,  my 
feelings  do  not  permit  me  to  suspend  the  deep  ac- 
knowledgment of  that  debt  of  gratitude  which  I  owe 
to  my  beloved  country  for  the  many  honors  it  has 
conferred  upon  me ;  still  more  for  the  steadfast  confi- 
dence with  which  it  has  supported  me,  and  for  the 
opportunities  I  have  thence  enjoyed  of  manifesting 
my  inviolable  attachment,  by  services  faithful  and 


80  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

persevering,  though  in  usefulness  unequal  to  my  zeaL, 
If  benefits  have  resulted  to  our  country  from  these 
services,  let  it  always  be  remembered  to  your  praise, 
and  as  an  instructive  example  in  our  annals,  that, 
under  circumstances  in  which  the  passions,  agitated  in 
every  direction, were  liable.to  mislead;  amid  appear- 
ances sometimes  dubious,  vicissitudes  of  fortune  often 
discouraging;    in   situations   in   which,   not    unfre- 
quently,  want  of  success  has  countenanced  the  spirit 
of  criticism — the  constancy  of  your  support  was  the 
essential  prop  of  the  efforts,  and  a  guarantee  of  the 
plans  by  which  they  were  effected.     Profoundly  pen- 
etrated with  this  idea,  I  shall  carry  it  with  me  to  mj 
grave,  as  a  strong  incitement  to  unceasing  vows  that 
Heaven  may  continue  to  you  the  choicest  tokens  of 
its  beneficence ;  that  your  union  and  brotherly  affec- 
tion may  be  perpetual;  that  the  free  constitution, 
which  is  the  work  of  your  hands,  may  be  sacredly 
maintained ;  that  its  administration,  in  every  depart- 
ment, may  be   stamped  with  wisdom   and  virtue; 
that,  in  fine,  the  happiness  of  the  people  of  these 
States,  under  the  auspices  of  liberty,  may  be  made 
complete,  by  so  careful  a  preservation  and  so  prudent 
a  use  of  this  blessing  as  will  acquire  to  them  the 
glory  of  recommending  it  to  the  applause,  the  affec- 
tion, and  the  adoption  of  every  nation  which  is  yet 
a  stranger  to  it. 


Washington's  faeewell  addeess.  81 

Here,  perhaps,  I  ought  to  stop ;  but  a  solicitude 
for  your  yelfare,  which  can  not  end  but  with  my 
life,  and  the  apprehension  of  danger  natural  to 
that  solicitude,  urge  me,  on  an  occasion  like  the 
present  to  offer  to  your  solemn  contemplation,  and  to 
recommend  to  your  frequent  review,  some  sentiments, 
which  are  the  result  of  much  reflection,  of  no  incon- 
siderable observation,  and  which  appear  to  me  all- 
important  to  the  permanency  of  your  felicity  as  a 
people.  These  will  be  afforded  to  you  with  the 
more  freedom,  as  you  can  only  see  them  in  the  disin- 
terested warnings  of  a  parting  friend,  who  can  possi- 
bly have  no  personal  motive  to  bias  his  counsel ;  nor 
can  I  forget,  as  an  encouragement  to  it,  your  indul- 
gent reception  of  my  sentiments  on  a  former  and  not 
dissimilar  occasion. 

Interwoven  as  is  the  love  of  liberty  with  every 
ligament  of  your  hearts,  no  recommendation  of  mine 
is  necessary  to  fortify  or  confirm  the  attachment. 

The  unity  of  government,  which  constitutes  you 
one  people,  is  also  now  dear  to  you.  It  is  justly  so  ; 
for  it  is  a  main  pillar  in  the  edifice  of  your  real  inde- 
pendence, the  support  of  your  tranquillity  at  home, 
your  peace  abroad,  of  your  safety,  of  your  prosperity, 
of  that  very  liberty  which  you  so  highly  prize.  But 
as  it  is  easy  to  forsee  that  from  different  causes  and 
from  different  quarters  much  pains  will  be  taken, 


82  NATIONAIi   HAND-BOOK. 

many  artifices  employed,  to  weaken  in  your  ujinds 
the  conviction  of  this  truth — as  this  is  the  point  in 
your  political  fortress  against  which  tlie  batteries  of 
internal  and  external  enemies  will  be  most  constantly 
and  actively  (though  often  covertly  and  insidiously) 
directed — it  is  of  infinite  moment  that  you  should 
properly  estimate  the  immense  value  of  your  national 
union  to  your  collective  and  individual  hai^piness ; 
that  you  should  cherish  a  cordial,  habitual,  and  im- 
movable attachment  to  it,  accustoming  yourselves  to 
think  and  speak  of  it  as  of  the  palladium  of  your 
political  safety  and  prosperity;  watching  for  its 
preservation  with  jealous  anxiety ;  discountenancing 
whatever  may  suggest  even  a  suspicion  that  it  can, 
in  any  event,  be  abandoned ;  and  indignantly  frown- 
ing upon  th^  first  dawning  of  every  attempt  to 
alienate  any  portion  of  our  country  from  the  rest,  or 
to  enfeeble  the  sacred  ties  .which  now  link  together 
the  various  parts. 

For  this  you  have  every  inducement  of  sympathy 
and  interest.  Citizens,  by  birth  or  choice  of  a  com- 
mon country,  that  country  has  a  right  to  concentrate 
3'our  afiections.  The  name  oi  American,  which  be- 
longs to  you  in  your  national  capacity,  must  always 
exalt  the  just  pride  of  patriotism  more  than  any 
appellation  derived  from  local  discriminations.  With 
slight   shades   of   difference,   you    have    the    same 


Washington's  fahewell  addeess.  83 

religion,  manners,  habits,  and  political  principles. 
Ton  have,  in  a  common  cause,  fought  and  tri- 
umphed together ;  the  independence  and  liberty 
you  possess  are  the  work  of  joint  counsels  and 
joint  efforts,  of  common  dangers,  sufferings,  and 
successes. 

But  these  considerations,  however  powerfully 
they  address  themselves  to  your  sensibility,  are 
greatly  outweighed  by  those  which  apply  more 
immediately  to  your  interest ;  here  every  portion  of 
our  country  finds  the  most  commanding  motives  for 
carefully  guarding  and  preserving  the  union  of  the 
whole. 

The  IlTorth,  in  an  unrestrained  intercourse  with 
the  South,  protected  by  the  equal  laws  of  a  common 
government,  finds,  in  the  productions  of  the  latter, 
great  additional  resources  of  maritime  and  commer- 
cial enterprise,  and  precious  materials  of  manufactur- 
ing industry.  The  South,  in  the  same  intercourse, 
benefiting  by  the  agency  of  the  E^orth,  sees  its 
agriculture  grow  and  its  commerce  expand.  Turning 
partly  into  its  own  channels  the  seamen  of  the 
]!^orth,  it  finds  its  particular  navigation  invigorated  ; 
and  while  it  contributes,  in  different  ways,  to  nourish 
and  increase  the  general  mass  of  the  national  naviga- 
tion, it  looks  forward  to  the  protection  of  a  maritime 
strength  to  which  itself  is  unequally  adapted.     The 


S4:  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

East,  in  like  intercourse  with  the  "West,  already 
finds,  and,  in  the  progressive  improvement  of  inte- 
rior communication,  by  land  and  water,  will  more 
and  more  find,  a  valuable  vent  for  the  commodities 
which  it  brings  from  abroad  or  manufactures  at 
home.  The  West  derives  from  the  East  supplies 
requisite  for  its  growth  and  comfort,  and,  what  is 
perhaps  of  still  greater  consequence,  it  must,  of 
necessity,  owe  the  secure  enjoyment  of  indispensable 
outlets  for  its  own  productions  to  the  weight,  influ- 
ence, and  the  future  maritime  strength  of  the  Atlantic 
side  of  the  Union,  directed  by  an  indissoluble  com- 
munity of  interest  as  one  nation.  Any  other  tenure 
by  which  the  "West  can  hold  this  essential  advan- 
tage, whether  derived  from  its  own  separate  strength 
or  from  an  apostate  and  unnatural  connection  with 
any  foreign  povv^er,  must  be  intrinsically  precarious. 

While,  then,  every  part  of  our  country  thus  feels 
an  immediate  and  particular  interest  in  union,  all 
the  parts  combined  can  not  fail  to  find,  in  the  united 
mass  of  means  and  efforts,  greater  strength,  greater 
resource,  proportionably  greater  security  from  exter- 
nal danger,  a  less  frequent  interruption  of  their 
peace  by  foreign  nations,  and,  what  is  of  inestimable 
value,  they  must  derive  from  union  an  exemption 
from  those  broils  and  wars  between  themselves, 
which  so  frequently  afflict  neighboring  countries,  not 


Washington's  faeewell  addeess.  85 

tied  together  by  the  same  government,  which  their 
own  rivalships  alone  would  be  sufficient  to  produce, 
but  which  opposite  foreign  alliances,  attachments, 
and  intrigues  would  stimulate  and  embitter.  Hence, 
likewise,  they  will  avoid  the  necessity  of  those  over- 
grown military  establishments,  which,  under  any 
form  of  government,  are  inauspicious  to  liberty,  and 
which  are  to  be  regarded  as  particularly  hostile  to 
republican  liberty ;  in  this  sense  it  is  that  your  union 
ought  to  be  considered  as  the  main  prop  of  your  lib- 
erty, and  that  the  love  of  the  one  ought  to  endear  to 
you  the  preservation  of  the  other. 

These  considerations  speak  a  persuasive  language 
to  every  reflecting  and  virtuous  mind,  and  exhibit  a 
continuance  of  the  Union  as  a  primary  object  of 
patriotic  desire.  Is  there  a  doubt  whether  a  common 
government  can  embrace  so  large  a  sphere?  Let 
experience  solve  it.  To  listen  to  mere  speculation, 
in  such  a  case,  were  criminal.  We  are  authorized  to 
hope  that  a  proper  organization  of  the  whole,  with 
the  auxiliary  agency  of  governments  for  the  respec- 
tive subdivisions,  will  afford  a  happy  issue  to  the 
experiment.  It  is  well  worth  a  full  and  fair  experi- 
ment. With  such  powerful  and  obvious  motives  to 
union,  affecting  all  parts  of  our  country,  while  expe- 
rience shall  not  have  demonstrated  its  impractica- 
bility, there  will  always  be  reason  to  distrust  the 


86  NATIONAL    TTAND-BOOK. 

patriotism  of  those  who,  in  any  quarter,  may  endeaA'^or 
to  weaken  its  bands. 

In  contemplating  the  causes  which  may  disturb 
our  Union,  it  occurs,  as  a  matter  of  serious  concern, 
that  any  ground  should  have  been  furnished  for  char- 
acterizing parties  by  geographical  discriminations — 
ISTorthern  and  Southern,  Atlantic  and  Western — 
whence  designing  men  may  endeavor  to  excite  a 
belief  that  there  is  real  diiference  of  local  interests 
and  views.  One  of  the  expedients  of  party  to  acquire 
influence  within  particular  districts  is  to  misrepresent 
the  opinions  and  aims  of  other  districts.  You  can 
not  shield  yourselves  too  much  against  the  jealousies 
and  heart-burnings  which  spring  from  these  misrep- 
resentations ;  they  tend  to  render  alien  to  each  other 
those  who  ought  to  be  bound  together  bv  fraternal 
affection.  The  inhabitants  of  our  Western  country 
have  lately  had  a  useful  lesson  on  this  head ;  they 
have  seen  in  the  negotiation  by  the  Executive,  and 
in  the  unanimous  ratification  by  the  Senate,  of  the 
treaty  with  Spain,  and  in  the  universal  satisfaction 
at  that  event  throughout  the  United  States,  a  decisive 
proof  how  unfounded  were  the  suspicions  propagated 
among  them,  of  a  policy  in  the  general  government, 
and  in  the  Atlantic  States,  unfriendly  to  their  inter- . 
ests  in  regard  to  the  Mississippi ;  they  have  been  wit- 
nesses to  the  formation  of  two  treaties — that  with 


Washington's  faiiewell  addeess.  87 

Great  Britain  and  that  with  Spain — which  secure  to 
them  everything  they  could  desire  in  respect  to  our 
foreign  relations,  toward  confirming  their  prosperity. 
Will  it  not  be  their  wisdom  to  rely  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  these  ad  vantages  on  the  Union  by  which  they 
were  procured  ?  Will  they  not  henceforth  be  deaf 
to  those  advisers,  if  such  there  are,  who  would  sever 
them  from  their  brethren  and  connect  them  with 
aliens? 

To  the  efficacy  and  permanency  of  your  Union,  a 
government  for  the  whole  is  indispensable.  Iso  alli- 
ance, however  strict,  between  the  parts,  can  be  an 
adequate  substitute  ;  they  must  inevitably  experience 
the  infractions  and  interruptions  which  all  alliances, 
in  all  time,  have  experienced.  Sensible  of  this  mo- 
mentous truth,  you  have  improved  upon  your  first 
essay,  by  the  adoption  of  a  constitution  of  govern- 
ment better  calculated  than  your  former  for  an  inti- 
mate Union,  and  for  the  efficacious  management  of 
your  common  concerns.  This  government,  the  off- 
spring of  your  own  choice,  uninfluenced  and  unawed, 
adopted  upon  full  investigation  and  mature  delibera- 
tion, completely  free  in  its  principles,  in  the  distribu 
tion  of  its  powers,  uniting  security  with  energy,  and 
containing  within  itself  a  provision  for  its  own 
amendment,  has  a  just  claim  to  your  confidence  and 
your  support.     Resj^ect  for  its  authorityj  compliance 


88  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

with  its  laws,  acquiescence  in  its  measures,  are  duties 
enjoined  by  the  fundamental  maxims  of  liberty.  The 
basis  of  our  political  systems  is  the  right  of  the  people 
to  make  and  to  alter  their  constitutions  of  govern- 
ment ;  but  the  constitution  which  at  any  time  exists, 
till  changed  by  an  explicit  and  and  authentic  act  of 
the  whole  people,  is  sacredly  obligatory  upon  all. 
The  very  idea  of  the  power  and  tlie  right  of  the  peo- 
ple to  establish  government  presupposes  the  duty 
of  every  individual  to  obey  the  established  govern- 
ment. 

All  obstructions  to  the  execution  of  the  laws,  all 
combinations  and  associations,  under  whatever  plausi- 
ble character,  with  the  real  design  to  direct,  control, 
counteract,  or  awe  the  regular  deliberation  and  action 
of  the  constituted  authorities,  are  destructive  to  this 
fundamental  principle,  and  of  fatal  tendency.  They 
serve  to  organize  faction,  to  give  it  an  artificial  and 
extraordinary  force,  to  put  in  the  place  of  the  dele- 
gated will  of  the  nation  the  will  of  a  party — often  a 
small  but  artful  and  enterprising  minority  of  the 
community — and,  according  to  the  alternate  triumphs 
of  different  parties,  to  make  the  public  administration 
the  mirror  of  the  ill-concerted  and  incongruous 
projects  of  faction  rather  than  the  organ  of  consistent 
and  wholesome  plans,  digested  by  common  counsels, 
and  modifi.ed  by  mutual  interests. 


Washington's  fakewell  address.  89 

However  combinations  or  associations  of  the 
above  description  may  now  and  then  answer  popular 
ends,  they  ai'e  likely,  in  the  course  of  time  and 
things,  to  become  potent  engines,  by  which  cunning, 
ambitious,  and  unprincipled  men  will  be  enabled  to 
subvert  the  power  of  the  people,  and  to  usurp  for 
themselves  the  reins  of  government ;  destroying, 
afterward,  the  very  engine  which  had  lifted  them  to 
unjust  dominion. 

Toward  the  preservation  of  your  government,  and 
the  permanency  of  your  present  happy  state,  it  is 
requisite,  not  only  that  you  steadily  discountenance 
irregular  oppositions  to  its  acknowledged  authority, 
but  also  that  you  resist  with  care  the  spirit  of  inno- 
vation upon  its  principles,  however  specious  the  pre- 
texts. One  method  of  assault  may  be  to  effect,  in 
the  forms  of  the  constitution,  alterations  which  will 
impair  the  energy  of  the  system,  and  thus  to  under- 
mine what  cannot  be  directly  overthrown.  In  all 
the  changes  to  which  you  may  be  invited,  remember 
that  time  and  habit  are  at  least  as  necessary  to  fix 
the  true  character  of  governments  as  of  other  human 
institutions;  that  experience  is  the  surest  standard 
by  which  to  test  the  real  tendency  of  the  existing 
constitution  of  a  country;  that  facility  in  changes, 
upon  the  credit  of  mere  hypothesis  and  opinion,  ex- 
poses to  perpetual  change,  from  the  endless  variety 


90  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

of  hypothesis  and  opinion ;  and  remember,  especially, 
that  for  the  eflicient  management  of  your  common 
interests,  in  a  country  so  extensive  as  ours,  a  govern- 
ment of  as  much  vigor  as  is  consistent  vrith  the  per- 
fect security  of  liberty  is  indispensable.  Liberty, 
itself  will  find  in  such  a  government,  with  powers 
properly  distributed  and  adjusted,  its  surest  guardian. 
It  is,  indeed,  little  else  than  a  name,  where  the  gov- 
ernment is  too  feeble  to  withstand  the  enterprises  of 
faction,  to  confine  each  member  of  the  society  within 
the  limits  prescribed  by  the  laws,  and  to  maintain  all 
in  the  secure  and  tranquil  enjoyment  of  the  rights  of 
person  and  property. 

I  have  already  intimated  to  you  the  danger  of 
parties  in  the  state,  with  particular  reference  to  the 
founding  of  them  on  geographical  discriminations. 
Let  me  now  take  a  more  comprehensive  view,  and 
warn  you,  in  the  most  solemn  manner,  against  the 
baneful  efi'ects  of  the  spirit  of  party  generally. 

This  spirit,  unfortunately,  is  inseparable  from  our 
nature,  having  its  root  in  the  strongest  passions  of 
the  human  mind.  It  exists,  under  different  shapes, 
in  all  governments,  more  or  less  stifled,  controlled,  or 
repressed  ;  but  in  those  ot  the  popular  form  it  is  seen 
in  its  greatest  rankness,  and  is  truly  their  worst  enemy. 

The  alternate  domination  of  one  faction  over  an- 
other, sharpened  by  the  spirit  of  revenge,  natural  to 


WASHINGTON  S   FAEEWELL  ADDRESS.  91 

party  dissension,  wliicL,  in  different  ages  and  coun- 
tries, lias  perpetrated  the  most  horrid  enormities,  is 
itself  a  frightful  despotism.  But  this  leads,  at  length, 
to  a  more  ibrmal  and  permanent  despotism.  The 
disorders  and  miseries  which  result  gradually  incline 
the  minds  of  men  to  seek  security  and  repose  in  the 
absolute  power  of  an  individual ;  and,  sooner  or 
later,  tlie  chief  of  some  prevailing  faction,  more  able 
or  more  fortunate  than  his  competitors,  turns  this 
disposition  to  the  purposes  of  his  own  elevation  on 
the  ruins  of  public  liberty. 

"Witliout  looking  forward  to  an  extremity  of  this 
kind  (which,  nevertheless,  ought  not  tc^  be  entirely 
out  of  sight),  the  common  and  continued  mischiefs  of 
the  spirit  of  party  are  sufHcient  to  make  it  the  inter- 
est and  duty  of  a  wise  people  to  discourage  and 
restrain  it. 

It  serves  always  to  distract  the  public  councils 
and  enfeeble  the  public  administration.  It  agitates 
the  community  with  ill-founded  jealousies  and  false 
alarms ;  kindles  the  animosity  of  one  part  against  an- 
other; foments,  occasionally,  riot  and  insurrection. 
It  opens  the  door  to  foreign  influence  and  corruption, 
which  find  a  facilitated  access  to  the  government 
itself  through  the  channels  of  party  passions.  Thus 
the  policy  and  the  will  of  one  country  are  subjected 
to  the  policy  and  will  of  another. 


92  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

There  is  an  opinion  that  parties,  in  free  countries, 
are  useful  checks  upon  the  administration  of  the  gov- 
ernment, and  serve  to  keep  alive  the  spirit  of  liberty. 
This,  within  certain  limits,  is  probably  true  ;  and  in 
.governments  of  a  monarchial  cast,  patriotism  may 
look  with  indulgence,  if  not  with  favor,  upon  the 
spirit  of  party.  But  in  those  of  the  popular  charac- 
ter, in  governments  purely  elective,  it  is  a  spirit  not 
to  be  encouraged.  From  their  natural  tendency,  it 
is  certain  there  will  always  be  enough  of  that  spirit 
for  every  salutatory  purpose.  And  there  being  con- 
stant danger  of  excess,  the, effort  ought  to  be  by  force 
of  public  opinion  to  mitigate  and  assuage  it.  A  fire 
not  to  be  quenched,  it  demands  a  uniform  vigilance 
to  prevent  its  bursting  into  a  flame,  lest,  instead  of 
•warming,  it  should  consume. 

It  is  important,  likewise,  that  the  habits  of  think- 
ing, in  a  free  country,  should  inspire  caution  in  those 
intrusted  with  its  administration,  to  confine  them- 
selves within  their  respective  constitutional  spheres, 
avoiding,  in  the  exercise  of  the  powers  of  one  depart- 
ment, to  encroach  upon  another.  The  spirit  of 
encroachment  tends  to  consolidate  the  powers  of  all 
the  departments  into  one,  and  thus  to  create,  what- 
ever the  form  of  government,  a  real  despotism.  A 
just  estimate  of  that  love  of  power  and  proneness  to 
abuse  it  which  predominate  in  the  human  heart  is 


Washington's  farewell  address.  03 

sufficient  to  satisfy  us  of  tlie  trutli  of  this  position. 
The  necessity  of  reciprocal  checks  in  the  exercise  of 
political  power,  by  dividing  and  distributing  it  into 
different  depositories,  and  constituting  each  the 
guardian  of  the  public  weal,  against  invasion  by  the 
others,  has  been  evinced  by  experiments,  ancient 
and  modem — some  of  them  in  our  own  country  and 
under  our  own  eyes.  To  preserve  them  must  be  as 
necessary  as  to  institute  them.  If,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  people,  the  distribution  or  modification  of  the 
constitutional  powers  be,  in  any  particular,  wrong, 
let  it  be  corrected  by  an  amendment  in  the  way 
which  the  constitution  designates.  But  let  there  be 
no  change  by  usurpation  ;  for  though  this,  in  one 
instance,  may  be  the  instrument  of  good,  it  is  the 
customary  weapon  by  which  free  governments  are 
destroyed.  The  precedent  must  always  greatly 
overbalance,  in  permanent  evil,  any  partial  or 
transient  benefit  which  the  use  can,  at  any  time, 
yield. 

Of  all  the  dispositions  and  habits  which  lead  to 
political  prosperity,  religion  and  morality  are  indis- 
pensable supports.  In  vain  would  that  man  claim 
the  tribute  ot  patriotism  who  should  labor  to  subvert 
these  great  pillars  of  human  happiness,  these  firmest 
props  of  the  duties  of  men  and  citizens.  The  mere 
politician,    equally  with   the    pious   man,  ought  to 


94:  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

respect  and  to  cherish  them.  A  volume  could  not 
trace  all  their  connections  with  private  and  public 
felicity.  Let  it  simply  be  asked,  Where  is  the 
security  for  property,  for  reputation,  for  life,  if  the 
sense  of  religious  obligation  desert  the  oaths  which 
are  the  instruments  of  investigation  in  courts  of 
justice  ?  And  let  ns  with  caution  indulge  the  sup- 
position that  morality  can  be  maintained  without 
religion.  Whatever  may  be  conceded  to  the  influ- 
ence of  refined  education  on  minds  of  peculiar 
structure,  reason  and  experience  both  forbid  us  to 
expect  that  national  morality  can  prevail  in  exclu- 
sion of  religious  principles. 

It  is  substantially  true,  that  virtue  or  morality  is 
a  necessary  spring  of  popular  government.  The 
rule,  indeed,  extends  with  more  or  less  force  to  every 
species  of  free  government.  Who  that  is  a  sincere 
friend  to  it  can  look  with  indifference  upon  attempts 
to  shake  the  foundation  of  the  fabric  ? 

Promote,  then,  as  an  object  of  primary  impor- 
tance, institutions  for  the  general  diffusion  of  knowl- 
edge. In  proportion  as  a  structure  of  a  government 
gives  force  to  public  opinion,  it  is  essential  that 
public  opinion  should  be  enlightened. 

As  a  very  important  source  of  strength  and 
security,  cherish  public  credit.  One  method  of  pre- 
serving it   is   to   use  it   as   sparingly  as   possible ; 


Washington's  farewell  address.  95 

avoiding  occasions  of  expense  by  cultivating  peace, 
but  remembering,  also,  that  timely  disbursements  to 
prepare  for  danger  frequently  prevent  much  greater 
disbursements  to  repel  it ;  avoiding,  likewise,  the 
accumulation  of  debt,  not  only  by  shunning  occasions 
of  expense,  but  by  vigorous  exertions  in  time  of 
peace  to  discharge  the  debts  which  unavoidable  wars 
may  have  occasioned  ;  not  ungenerously  throwing 
upon  posterity  the  burden  which  we  ourselves  ought 
to  bear.  The  execution  of  these  maxims  belongs  to 
your  representatives,  but  it  is  necessary  that  public 
opinion  should  cooperate.  To  facilitate  to  them  the 
performance  of  their  duty,  it  is  essential  that  you 
should  practically  bear  in  mind  that  toward  the  pay- 
ment of  debts  there  must  be  revenue ;  that  to  have 
revenue  there  must  be  taxes ;  that  no  taxes  can  be 
devised  which  are  not  more  or  less  inconvenient  and 
unpleasant ;  that  the  intrinsic  embarrassment  insepa- 
rable from  the  selection  of  the  proper  objects  (which 
is  always  a  choice  of  difficulties),  ought  to  be  a  deci- 
sive motive  for  a  candid  construction  of  the  conduct 
of  the  government  in  making  it,  and  for  a  spirit  of 
acquiescence  in  the  measures  for  obtaining  revenue 
which  the  public  exigencies  may  at  any  time  dictate. 
Observe  good  faith  and  justice  toward  all  nations ; 
cultivate  fesice  and  harmony  with  all ;  religion  and 
morality  enjoin  this    conduct,  and  can    it  be    that 


96  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

good  policy  does  not  really  enjoin  it  ?  It  Arill  be 
worthy  of  a  free,  enlightened,  and,  at  no  distant 
period,  a  great  nation,  to  give  to  mankind  the  mag- 
n*iimous  and  too  novel  example  of  a  people  always 
guided  by  an  exalted  justice  and  benevolence. 
Who  can  doubt  that,  in  the  course  of  time  and 
things,  the  fruits  of  such  a  plan  would  richly  repay 
any  temporary  advantages  which  might  be  lost  by  a 
steady  adherence  to  it  ?  Can  it  be  that  Providence 
has  not  connected  the  permanent  felicity  of  a  nation 
with  its  virtue?  The  experiment,  at  least,  is  recoiu- 
mended  by  every  sentiment  which  ennobles  huiuan 
nature.  Alas  I  it  is  rendered  impossible  by  its 
vices  ? 

In  the  execution  of  such  a  plan,  nothing  is  more 
essential  than  that  permanent  inveterate  antipathies 
against  particular  nations,  and  passionate  attach- 
ments for  others,  should  be  excluded,  and  that,  in 
place  of  them,  just  and  amicable  feelings  toward  all 
should  be  cultivated.  The  nation  which  indulges 
toward  another  an  habitual  hatred,  or  an  liabitual 
fondness,  is,  in  some  degree,  a  slave.  It  is  a  slave  to 
its  animosity  or  its  affection,  either  of  which  is  sulH 
cient  to  lead  it  astray  from  its  duty  and  its  interest. 
Antipathy  in  one  nation  against  another  disposes 
each  more  readily  to  offer  insult  and  injury,  to  lay 
hold  of  slight  causes  of  umbrage,  and  to  be  haughty 


•Washington's  farewell  address.  97 

and  intractable  when  accidental  or  triflintr  occasions 
of  dispute  occur.  Hence,  frequent  collisions,  obsti- 
nate, envenomed,  and  bloody  contests.  The  nation, 
prompted  by  ill-will  and  resentment,  sometimes 
impels  to  war  the  government,  contrary  to  the  best 
calculations  of  policy.  The  government  sometimes 
participates  in  the  national  propensity,  and  adopts, 
through  passion,  what  reason  would  reject ;  at  other 
times  it  makes  the  animosity  of  the  nation  subservi- 
ent to  projects  of  hostility,  instigated  by  pride, 
ambition,  and  other  sinister  and  pernicious  motives. 
The  peace  often,  sometimes  perhaps  the  liberty  of 
nations,  has  been  the  victim. 

So,  likewise,  a  passionate  attachment  of  one 
nation  to  another  produces  a  variety  of  evils.  Sym- 
pathy for  the  favorite  nation,  facilitating  the  illusion 
of  an  imaginary  common  interest,  in  cases  where  no 
real  common  interest  exists,  and  infusing  into  one 
the  enmities  of  the  other,  betrays  the  former  into  a 
participation  into  the  quarrels  and  wars  of  the  latter, 
without  adequate  inducement  or  justification.  It 
leads  also  to  concessions  to  the  favorite  nation  of 
privileges  denied  to  others,  which  is  apt  doubly  to 
injure  the  nation  making  the  concessions,  by  unnec- 
essarily parting  with  what  ought  to  have  been 
retained,  and  by  exciting  jealousy,  ill-will,  and  a 
disposition  to  retaliate,  in  the   parties  from  whom 


98  NATIONAL    nAlSTD-BOOK. 

equal  privileges  are  withheld  ;  and  it  gives  to  ambi- 
tious, corrupted,  or  deluded  citizens  (who  devote 
themselves  to  the  favorite  nation),  facility  to  betray 
or  sacrifice  the  interest  of  their  own  country,  with- 
out odium,  sometimes  even  with  popularity  ;  gilding 
with  the  appearance  of  a  virtuous  sense  of  obligation, 
a  commendable  deference  for  public  opinion,  or  a 
laudable  zeal  for  public  good,  the  base  or  foolish 
compliances  of  ambition,  corruption,  or  infatuation. 

As  avenues  to  foreign  influence  in  innumerable 
ways,  such  attachments  are  particularly  alarming  to 
the  truly  enlightened  and  independent  patriot. 
How  many  opportunities  do  they  afford  to  tamper 
with  domestic  factions,  to  practice  the  art  of  seduc- 
tion, to  mislead  public  opinion,  to  influence  or  awe 
the  public  councils  !  Such  an  attachment  of  a  small 
or  weak  toward  a  great  and  powerful  nation  dooms 
the  former  to  be  the  satellite  of  the  latter. 

Against  the  insidious  wiles  of  foreign  influence  (I 
conjure  you  to  believe  me,  fellow-citizens)  the  jeal- 
ousy of  a  free  people  ought  to  be  constantly  awake, 
since  history  and  experience  prove  that  foreign 
influence  is  one  of  the  most  baneful  foes  of  repul> 
lican  government.  But  that  jealousy,  to  be  useful, 
must  be  impartial,  else  it  becomes  the  instrument  of 
the  very  influence  to  be  avoided,  instead  of  a  defense 
against    it.     Excessive    partiality   for    one    foreign 


Washington's  faeewell  addeess.  99 

nation,  and  excessive  dislike  for  another,  cause  those 
whom  they  actuate  to  see  danger  only  on  one 
side,  and  serve  to  vail,  and  even  second,  the  arts  of 
influence  "on  the  other.  Real  patriots,  who  may 
resist  the  intrigues  of  the  favorite,  are  liable  to 
become  suspected  and  odious,  while  its  tools  and 
dupes  usurp  the  applause  and  confidence  of  the  peo- 
ple, to  surrender  their  interests. 

The  great  rule  of  conduct  for  us,  in  regard  to 
foreign  nations,  is,  in  extending  our  commercial  rela- 
tions, to  have  with  them  as  little  political  connection 
as  possible.  So  far  as  we  havB  already  formed 
engagements,  let  them  be  fulfilled  with  perfect  good 
faith.     Here  let  us  stop. 

Europe  has  a  set  of  primary  interests,  which  to 
us  have  none  or  a  very  remote  relation.  Hence  she 
must  be  engaged  in  frequent  controversies,  the 
causes  of  which  are  essentially  foreign  to  our  con- 
cerns. Hence,  therefore,  it  must  be  unwise  in  us 
to  implicate  ourselves,  by  artificial  ties,  in  the  or- 
dinary vicissitudes  of  her  politics,  or  the  ordinary 
combinations  and  collisions  of  her  friendships  or 
enmities. 

Our  detached  and  distant  situation  invites  and 
enables  us  to  pursue  a  different  course.  If  we 
remain  one  people,  under  an  efiicient  government, 
the  period  is  not  far  off  when  we  may  defy  material 


100  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

injury  from  external  annoyance,  when  we  may  take 
such  an  attitude  as  will  cause  the  neutrality  we  may 
at  any  time  resolve  upon  to  be  scrupulously  respected 
— when  belligerent  nations,  under  the  im5)ossibility 
of  making  acquisitions  upon  us,  will  not  lightlji^ 
hazard  the  giving  us  provocation — when  we  may 
choose  peace  or  war,  as  our  interest,  guided  by  jus- 
tice, shall  counsel. 

Why  forego  the  advantages  of  so  peculiar  a 
situation  ?  Why  quit  our  own  to  stand  upon  foreign 
ground  ?  Why,  by  interweaving  our  destiny  with 
that  of  any  part  of  Europe,  entangle  our  peace  and 
prosperity  in  the  toils  of  European  ambition,  rival- 
ship,  interest,  humor,  or  caprice  ? 

It  is  our  true  policy  to  steer  clear  of  permanent 
alliances  with  any  portion  of  the  foreign  world ;  so 
far,  I  mean,  as  we  are  now  at  liberty  to  do  it ;  for 
let  me  not  be  understood  as  capable  of  patronizing 
iniidelity  to  existing  engagements.  I  hold  the 
maxim  no  less  applicable  to  public  than  to  private 
affairs,  that  honesty  is  always  the  best  policy.  I 
repeat  it,  therefore,  let  those  engagements  be 
observed  in  their  genuine  sense.  But,  in  m^ 
opinion,  it  is  unnecessary,  and  would  be  unwise,  to 
extend  them. 

Taking  care  always  to  keep  ourselves,  by  suitable 
establishments,  on  a  respectable  defensive  posture, 


Washington's  faeewell  addeess.  101 

we  may  safely  trust  to  temporary  alliances  for  extra- 
ct     ordinary  emergencies. 

Harmony,   and    a  liberal    intercourse  with   all 
N^  nations,  are  recommended  by  policy,  humanity,  and 
interest.      But  even  our  commercial  policy  should 
T*^    hold  an  equal  and  impartial  hand ;  neither  seeking 
I      nor  granting  exclusive  favors  or  preferences ;  con- 
'"^      suiting  the  natural  course  of  things ;  diffusing  and 
^      diversifying,  by  gentle  means,  the  streams  of  com- 
r>      merce,    but    forcing    nothing ;     establishing,    with 
i      powers  so  disposed,  in  order  to  give  trade  a  stable 
vs^  course,  to  define  the  rights  of  our  merchants,  and  to 
enable  the  government  to  support   them,  conven- 
tional rules  of  intercourse,  the  best   that  present 
circumstances  and  mutual  opinions  will  permit,  but 
temporary,  and  liable  to   be,  from   time  to   time, 
abandoned   or  varied,   as  experience  ,  and   circum- 
stances shall   dictate  ;    constantly  keeping  in  view 
that  it  is  folly  in  one  nation  to  look  for  disinterested 
favors  from  another ;  that  it  must  pay,  with  a  por- 
tion of  its  independence,  for  whatever  it  may  accept 
under  that  character  ;  that  by  such  acceptance  it 
may  place  itself  in  the    condition  of  having  given 
equivalents  for   nominal  favors,  and  yet  of  being 
reproached  with  ingratitude  for  not  giving  more. 
There  can  be  no  greater  error  than  to  expect,  or 
calculate  upon,  real  favors  from  nation  to   nation. 


102  NATIONAL   HAJSTD-BOOK. 

It  is  an  illusion  whicli  experience  must  cure,  wMcli  a 
just  pride  ought  to  discard. 

In  offering  to  vou,  my  countrymen,  these  counsels 
of  an  old  and  affectionate  friend,  I  dare  not  hope 
they  will  make  the  strong  and  lasting  impression  I 
could  wish — that  they  will  control  the  usual  current 
of  the  passions,  or  prevent  our  nation  from  running 
the  course  which  has  hitherto  marked  the  destiny  of 
nations  ;  but  if  I  may  even  flatter  mj^self  that  they 
may  be  productive  of  some  partial  benefit,  some 
occasional  good,  that  they  may  now  and  then  recur 
to  moderate  the  fury  of  party  spirit,  to  warn  against 
the  mischiefs  of  foreign  intrigues,  to  guard  against 
the  impostures  of  pretended  patriotism — this  hope 
will  be  a  full  recompense  for  the  solicitude  for  your 
welfare  by  which  they  have  been  dictated. 

How  far,  in  the  discharge  of  my  official  duties,  I 
have  been  guided  by  the  principles  which  have  been 
delineated,  the  public  records,  and  other  evidences 
of  my  conduct,  must  witness  to  you.  and  the  world. 
To  myself,  the  assurance  of  my  own  conscience  is, 
that  I  have  at  least  believed  myself  to  be  guided  by 
them. 

In  relation  to  the  still  subsisting  war  in  Europe, 
my  proclamation  of  the  22d  of  April,  1793,  is  the 
index  to  my  plan.  Sanctioned  by  your  approving 
voice,  and  by  that  of  your  representatives  in  both 


WASHrsrGTON's   FAEEWELL   ADDEESS.  103 

Houses  of  Congress,  the  spirit  of  that  measure  has 
continuallj  governed  me,  uninfluenced  by  any 
attempts  to  deter  or  divert  me  from  it. 

After  deliberate  examination,  with  the  aid  of  the 
best  lights  I  could  obtain,  I  was  well  satisfied  that 
our  country,  under  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case, 
had  a  right  to  take,  and  was  bound  in  duty  and  in- 
terest to  take,  a  neutral  position.  Having  taken  it,  I 
determined,  as  far  as  should  depend  upon  me,  to  main- 
tain it  with  moderation,  perseverance,  and  firmness. 

The  considerations  which  respect  the  right  to 
hold  this  conduct,  it  is  not  necessary  on  this  occasion 
to  detail.  I  will  only  observe  that,  according  to  my 
understanding  of  the  matter,  that  right,  so  far  from 
being  denied  by  any  of  the  belligerent  powers,  has 
been  virtually  admitted  by  all. 

The  duty  of  holding  a  neutral  conduct  may  be 
inferred,  without  anything  more,  from  the  obligation 
which  justice  and  humanity  impose  on  every  nation, 
in  cases  in  which  it  is  free  to  act,  to  maintain  inviolate 
the  relations  of  peace  and  amity  toward  other  nations. 

The  inducements  of  interest,  for  observing  that 
conduct,  will  be  best  referred  to  your  own  reflections 
and  experience.  "With  me,  a  predominant  motive  has 
been  to  endeavor  to  gain  time  to  our  country  to 
settle  and  mature  its  yet  recent  institutions,  and  to 
progress,  without  interruption,  to   that   degree   of 


104  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 

strengtli  and  consistency  wliich  is  necessary  to  give  it, 
humanly  speaking,  the  command  of  its  own  fortunes. 
Though,  in  reviewing  the  incidents  of  my  admin- 
istration, I  am  unconscious  of  intentional  error,  I 
am,  nevertheless,  too  sensible  of  my  defects  not  to 
think  it  probable  that  I  may  have  committed  many 
errors.  Whatever  they  may  be,  I  fervently  beseech 
the  Almio-htv  to  avert  or  mitio-ate  the  evils  to  which 
they  may  tend.  I  shall  also  carry  with  me  the  hope 
that  my  country  will  never  cease  to  view  them  with 
indulgence,  and  that,  after  forty-five  years  of  my  life 
dedicated  to  its  service  with  an  upright  zeal,  the  fanlts 
of  incompetent  abilities  will  be  consig-ned  to  oblivion, 
as  myself  must  soon  be  to  the  mansions  of  rest. 

Eelying  on  its  kindness  in  this,  as  in  other  tilings, 
and  actuated  by  that  fervent  love  toward  it  which  is 
so  natural  to  a  man  who  views  in  it  the  native  soil  of 
himself  and  his  progenitors  for  several  generations, 
I  anticipate,  with  pleasing  expectation,  that  retreat 
in  which  I  promise  -myself  to  realize,  without  alloy, 
the  sweet  enjoyment  of  partaking,  in  the  midst  of 
my  fellow-citizens,  the  benign  influence  of  good  laws 
under  a  free  government — the  ever  favorite  object  of 
my  heart — and  the  happy  reward,  as  I  trust,  of  our 
mutual  cares,  labors,  and  dangers. 

Geokge  Washington. 
United  States,  17th  September,  1796. 


PRESIDENT  Jackson's  peoclamation.         105 


PEESIDENT  JACKSON'S  PEOCLAMATION, 

ISSUED   IN   1832,  WHEN   SOUTH  OAEOLINA  UNDEETOOK  TO   ANNUL 
THE  FEDEEAL  EEVENUK  LAW. 


Wheeeas  a  convention,  assembled  in  the  State  of 
South  Carolina,  have  passed  an  ordinance,  hj  which 
tliey  declare  "  that  the  several  acts  and  parts  of  acts 
of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  purporting  to 
be  laws  for  the  imposing  of  duties  and  imposts  on  the 
importation  of  foreign  commodities,  and  now  having 
actual  operation  and  effect  within  the  United  States, 
and  more  especially  '  two  acts  for  the  same  purposes, 
passed  on  the  29th  of  May,  1828,  and  on  the  llth  of 
July,  1832,'  are  unauthorized  by  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and  violate  the  true  meaning  and 
intent  thereof,  and  are  null  and  void,  and  no  law," 
nor  binding  on  the  citizens  of  that  State  or  its  offi- 
cers ;  and  by  the  said  ordinance  it  is  further  declared 
to  be  unlawful  for  any  of  the  constituted  authori- 
ties of  the  State,  or  of  the  United  States,  to  enforce 


106  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the  payment  of  tlie  duties  imposed  by  the  said  acta 
within  the  same  State,  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
legislature  to  pass  such  laws  as  may  be  necessary  to 
give  full  effect  to  the  said  ordinances : 

And  whereas,  by  the  said  ordinance  it  is  furthei* 
ordained,  that,  in  no  case  of  law  or  equity,  decided  in 
the  courts  of  said  State,  wherein  shall  be  drawn  in 
question  the  validity  of  the  said  ordinance,  or  of  the 
acts  of  the  legislature  that  may  be  passed  to  give  it 
eifect,  or  of  the  said  laws  of  the  United  States,  no 
appeal  shall  be  allowed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  nor  shall  any  copy  of  the  record  be 
permitted  or  allowed  for  that  purpose ;  and  that  any 
person  attempting  to  take  such  appeal,  shall  be  pun- 
ished as  for  a  contempt  of  court: 

And,  finally,  the  said  ordinance  declares  that  the 
people  of  South  Carolina  will  maintain  the  said  ordi- 
nance at  every  hazard  ;  and  that  they  will  consider 
the  passage  of  any  act  by  Congress  abolishing  or 
closing  the  ports  of  the  said  State,  or  otherwise  ob- 
structmg  the  free  ingress  or  egress  of  vessels  to  and 
from  the  said  ports,  or  any  other  act  of  the  Federal 
Government  to  coerce  the  State,  shut  up  her  ports, 
destroy  or  harass  her  commerce,  or  to  enforce  the 
said  acts  otherwise  than  through  the  civil  tribunals 
of  the  countr}^,  as  inconsistent  with  the  longer  con- 
tinuance of  South  Carolina  in  the  Union :  and  that 


I 


PEEsroENT  Jackson's  pkoclamation. 


107 


the  people  of  the  said  State  will  thenceforth  hold 
themselves  absolved  from  all  further  obligation  to 
maintain  or  preserve  their  political  connection  with 
the  people  of  the  other  States,  and  will  forthwith 
proceed  to  organize  a  separate  government,  and  do 
all  other  acts  and  thino-s  which  sovereign  and  inde- 
pendent  States  may  of  right  do: 

And  whereas  the  said  ordinance  prescribes  to  the 
people  of  South  Carolina  a  course  of  conduct  in  direct 
violation  of  their  duty  as  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  contrary  to  the  laws  of  their  country,  subver- 
sive of  its  Constitution,  and  having  for  its  object  the 
destruction  of  the  Union — that  Union,  which,  coeval 
with  our  political  existence,  led  our  fathers,  without 
any  other  ties  to  unite  them  than  those  of  patriotism 
and  common  cause,  throu2:h  a  sano-uinarv  struo^o-le  to 
a  glorious  independence — that  sacred  Union,  hitherto, 
inviolate,  which,  perfected  by  our  happy  Constitu- 
tion, has  brouo-ht  us,  bv  the  favor  of  Heaven,  to  a 
State  of  prosperity  at  home,  and  high  consideration 
abroad,  rarely,  if  ever,  equaled  in  the  history  of  na- 
tions ;  to  preserve  this  bond  of  our  political  existence 
from  destruction,  to  maintain  inviolate  this  state  of 
national  honor  and  prosperity,  and  to  justify  the  con- 
fidence my  fellow-citizens  have  reposed  in  me,  I, 
Andrew  Jackson,  President  of  the  United  States, 
have  thought  proper  to  issue  this,  my  Peoclamation j 


108  NATIOS-AL    HAJSTD-BOOK. 

stating  ray  views  of  the  Constitution  and  laws 
applicable  to  the  measures  adopted  bj  the  Conven- 
tion of  South  Carolina,  and  to  the  reasons  they  have 
put  forth  to  sustain  them,  declaring  the  course  which 
duty  will  require  me  to  pursue,  and,  appealing  to  the 
understandiifg  and  patriotism  of  the  people,  warn 
them  of  the  consequences  that  must  inevitably  result 
from  an  observance  of  the  dictates  of  the  Convention. 

Strict  duty  would  require  of  me  nothing  more 
than  the  exercise  of  those  powers  with  which  I  am 
now,  or  may  hereafter  be,  invested,  for  preserving 
the  Union,  and  for  the  execution  of  the  laws.  But 
the  imposing  aspect  which  opposition  has  assumed  in 
this  case,  by  clothing  itself  with  State  authority,  and 
the  deep  interest  which  the  people  of  the  United 
States  must  all  feel  in  preventing  a  resort  to  stronger 
measures,  while  there  is  a  hope  that  anything  will  be 
yielded  to  reasoning  and  remonstrances,  perhaps 
demand,  and  will  certainly  justify,  a  full  exposition 
to  South  Carolina  and  the  nation  of  the  views  I  en- 
tertain of  this  important  question,  as  well  as  a  distinct 
enunciation  of  the  course  which  my  sense  of  duty  will 
require  me  to  pursue. 

The  ordinance  is  founded,  not  on  the  indefeasible 
right  of  resisting  acts  which  are  plainly  unconstitu- 
tional, and  too  oppressive  to  be  endured,  but  on  the 
strange  position  that  any  one  State  may  not  only 


PEESIDENT  JACKSON  S   PROCLAMATION.  109 

declare  an  act  of  Congress  void,  but  prohibit  its  exc' 
cution — that  they  may  do  this  consistently  with  the 
Constitution — that  the  true  construction  of  that 
instrument  permits  a  State  to  retain  its  place  in  the 
Union,  and  yet  be  bound  by  no  other  of  its  laws  than 
those  it  may  choose  to  consider  as  constitutional.  It 
is  true  they  add,  that,  to  justify  this  abrogation  of  a 
law,  it  must  be  palpably  contrary  to  the  Constitution ; 
but  it  is  evident,  that  to  give  the  right  of  resisting 
laws  of  that  description,  coupled  with  the  uncon- 
trolled right  to  decide  what  laws  deserve  that  char- 
acter, is  to  give  the  power  of  resisting  all  laws.  For, 
as  by  the  theory,  there  is  no  appeal,  the  reasons 
alleged  by  the  State,  good  or  bad,  must  prevail.  If 
it  should  be  said  that  public  opinion  is  a  sufficient 
check  against  the  abuse  of  this  power,  it  may  be 
asked  why  is  it  not  deemed  a  sufficient  guard  against 
the  passage  of  an  unconstitutional  act  by  Congress. 
There  is,  however,  a  restraint  in  this  last  case,  which 
makes  the  assumed  power  of  a  State  more  indefensi- 
ble, and  which  does  not  exist  in  the  other.  There 
are  two  appeals  from  an  unconstitutional  act  passed 
by  Congress — one  to  the  judiciary,  the  other  to  the 
people  and  the  States.  There  is  no  appeal  from  the 
State  decision  in  theory ;  and  the  practical  illustra- 
tration  shows  that  the  courts  are  closed  against  an 
application  to  review  it,  both  judges  and  jurors  being 


110  NATIONAL    IIAlSnD-BOOK. 

sworn  to  decide  in  its  favor.  But  reasoning  on  tMa 
subject  is  superfluous,  when  our  social  compact  in 
express  terms  declares,  that  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  its  Constitution,  and  treaties  made  under  it, 
are  the  supreme  law  of  the  land ;  and  for  greater 
caution  adds,  "  that  the  judges  in  every  State  shall 
be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  constitution  or 
laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding." 
And  it  may  be  asserted,  without  fear  of  refutation, 
that  no  federative  government  could  exist  without  a 
similar  provision.  Look,  for  a  moment,  to  the  conse- 
quence. If  South  Carolina  considers  the  revenue 
laws  unconstitutional,  and  has  a  right  to  prevent 
their  execution  in  the  port  of  Charleston,  there  would 
be  a  clear  constitutional  objection  to  their  collection 
in  every  other  port,  and  no  revenue  could  be  collected 
anywhere ;  for  aU  imposts  must  be  equal.  It  is  no 
answer  to  repeat  that  an  unconstitutional  law  is  no 
law,  so  long  as  the  question  of  its  legality  is  to  be 
decided  by  the  State  itself ;  for  every  law  operating 
injuriously  upon  any  local  interest  will  be  perhaps 
thought,  and  certainly  represented,  as  unconstitu- 
tional, and,  as  has  been  shown,  there  is  no  appeal. 

If  this  doctrine  had  been  established  at  an  earlier 
day,  the  Union  would  have  been  dissolved  in  its 
infancy.  The  excise  law  in  Pennsylvania,  the  em- 
bargo and  non-intercourse  law  in  the  Eastern  States, 


PEEsroENT  Jackson's  peoclamation.         m 

the  carriage  tax  in  Virginia,  were  all  deemed  uncon- 
stitutional, and  were  more  unequal  in  their  operation 
than  any  of  the  laws  now  complained  of;  but,  fortu- 
nately, none  of  those  States  discovered  that  they  had 
the  right  now  claimed  by  South  Carolina.  The  war 
into  which  we  were  forced,  to  support  the  dignity  of 
the  nation  and  the  rights  of  our  citizens,  might  have 
ended  in  defeat  and  disOTace,  instead  of  victorv  and 
honor,  if  the  States,  who  supposed  it  a  ruinous  and 
unconstitutional  measure,  had  thought  they  possessed 
the  right  of  nullifying  the  act  by  which  it  was  de- 
clared, and  denying  supplies  for  its  prosecution. 
Hardly  and  unequally  as  those  measures  bore  upon 
several  members  of  the  Union,  to  the  legislatures  of 
none  did  this  efficient  and  peaceable  remedy,  as  it  is 
called,  suggest  itself.  The  discovery  of  this  impor- 
tant feature  in  our  Constitution  was  reserved  to  the 
present  day.  To  the  statesmen  of  South  Carolina 
belongs  the  invention,  and  upon  the  citizens  of  that 
State  will,  unfortunately,  fall  the  evils  of  reducing  it 
to  practice. 

If  the  doctrine  of  a  State  veto  upon  the  laws  of 
the  Union  carries  with  it  internal  evidence  of  its  im-  i 

practicable  absurdity,  our  constitutional  history  will 
also  afford  abundant  proof  that  it  would  have  been 
repudiated  with  indignation  had  it  been  proposed  to 
form  a  feature  in  our  government. 

if'? 


?1  i 


112  NATIOlSrAI.   HAiro-BOOK. 

In  our  colonial  state,  although  dependent  on  an- 
other power,  we  very  early  considered  ourselves  as 
connected  by  common  interest  with  each  other. 
Leagues  were  formed  for  common  defense,  and  before 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  we  were  known  in 
our  aggregate  character  as  the  United  Colonies  of 
America.  That  decisive  and  important  step  was 
taken  jointly.  We  declared  ourselves  a  nation  by  a 
joint,  not  by  several  acts ;  and  when  tlie  terms  of 
our  confederation  were  reduced  to  form,  it  was  in 
that  of  a  solemn  league  of  several  States,  by  which 
they  agreed  that  they  would,  collectively,  form  one 
nation,  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  some  certain 
domestic  concerns,  and  all  foreign  relations.  In  the 
instrument  forming  that  Union,  is  found  an  article 
which  declares  that  "  every  State  shall  abide  by  the 
determinations  of  Congress  on  all  questions  which 
by  that  Confederation  should  be  submitted  to  them." 

Under  the  Confederation,  then,  no  State  could 
legally  annul  a  decision  of  the  Congress,  or  refuse  to 
submit  to  its  execution ;  but  no  provision  was  made 
to"*  enforce  these  decisions.  Congress  made  requisi- 
tions, but  they  were  not  complied  with.  The  gov- 
ernment could  not  operate  on  individuals.  They  had 
no  judiciary,  no  means  of  collecting  revenue. 

But  the  defects  of  the  Confederation  need  not  be 
detailed.    Under  its  operation  we  could  scarcely  be 


PEESiDENT  Jackson's  peoclamatiok.         113 

called  a  nation.  "We  had  neither  prosperity  at  honie 
nor  consideration  abroad.  This  state  of  things  could 
not  be  endured,  and  our  present  happy  Constitution 
was  formed,  but  formed  in  vain,  if  this  fatal  doctrine 
prevails.  It  was  formed  for  important  objects  that 
are  announced  in  the  preamble  made  in  the  name 
and  by  the  authority  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  whose  delegates  framed,  and  whose  conven- 
tions approved,  it. 

The  most  important  among  these  objects,  that 
which  is  placed  first  in  rank,  on  which  all  the  others 
rest,  is  ^Hoforon  a  more  perfect  Unions  ]S^ow,  it  is 
possible  that,  even  if  there  were  no  express  provision 
giving  supremacy  to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of 
the  United  States  over  those  of  the  States,  it  can  be 
conceived  that  an  instrument  made  for  the  purpose 
of  ^'"forming  a  more  jperfect  Union^^  than  that  of  the 
Confederation,  could  be  so  constructed  by  the  assem- 
bled wisdom  of  our  country  as  to  substitute  for  that 
confederation  a  form  of  government,  dependent  for 
its  existence  on  the  local  interest,  the  party  spirit  of 
a  State,  or  of  a  prevailing  faction  in  a  State  ?  Every 
man,  of  plain,  unsophisticated  understanding,  who 
hears  the  question,  will  give  such  an  answer  as  will 
preserve  the  Union.  Metaphysical  subtlety,  in  pur- 
suit of  an  impracticable  theory,  could  alone  have 
devised  one  that  is  calculated  to  destroy  it. 
6* 


114  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 

I  consider,  then,  the  power  to  annul  a  law  of  the 
United  States,  assumed  by  one  State,  incompatible 
with  the  existence  of  the  Union,  cont/podicted  exjpressly 
hy  the  letter  of  the  Constitution^  unauthorized  iy  its 
spirit,  inconsistent  with  every  principle  on  which  it 
was  founded,  and  destructive  of  the  great  object  for 
which  it  VMS  formed. 

After  this  general  view  of  the  leading  principle, 
we  must  examine  the  particular  application  of  it 
which  is  made  in  the  ordinance. 

The  preamble  rests  its  justification  on  these 
grounds  :  It  assumes  as  a  fact,  that  the  obnoxious 
laws,  although  they  purport  to  be  laws  for  raising 
revenue,  were  in  reality  intended  for  the  protection 
of  manufactures,  which  purpose  it  asserts  to  be  un- 
constitutional ;  that  the  operation  of  these  laws  is 
unequal ;  that  the  amount  raised  by  them  is  greater 
than  is  required  by  the  wants  of  the  government ; 
and,  finally,  that  the  proceeds  are  to  be  applied  to 
objects  unauthorized  by  the  Constitution.  These  are 
the  only  causes  alleged  to  justify  an  open  opposition 
to  the  laws  of  the  country,  and  a  threat  of  seceding 
from  the  Union,  if  any  attempt  should  be  made  to 
enforce  them.  The  first  actually  acknowledges  that 
the  law  in  question  was  passed  under  power  ex- 
pressly given  by  the  Constitution,  to  lay  and  collect 
imposts ;  but  its  constitutionality  is  drawn  in  ques- 


PEESiDENT  Jackson's  peoclamation.         115 

tion  from  the  motives  of  those  who  passed  it.  How- 
ever apparent  this  purpose  may  be  in  the  present 
case,  nothing  can  be  more  dangerous  than  to  admit 
the  position  that  an  unconstitutional  purpose,  enter- 
tained by  the  members  who  assent  to  a  law  enacted 
under  a  constitutional  power,  shall  make  that  law 
void ;  for  how  is  that  purpose  to  be  ascertained  ? 
Who  is  to  make  the  scrutiny  ?  How  often  may  bad 
purposes  be  falsely  imputed?  In  how  many  cases 
are  they  concealed  by  false  professions?  In  how 
many  is  no  declaration  of  motive  made  ?  Admit  this 
doctrine,  and  you  give  to  the  States  an  uncontrolled 
right  to  decide,  and  every  law  may  be  annulled 
under  this  pretext.  If,  therefore,  the  absurd  and 
dangerous  doctrine  should  be  admitted,  that  a  State 
may  annul  an  unconstitutional  law,  or  one  that  it 
deems  such,  it  will  not  apply  to  the  present  case. 

The  next  objection  is,  that  the  laws  in  question 
operate  unequally.  This  objection  may  be  made 
with  truth  to  every  law  that  has  been  or  can  be 
passed.  The  wisdom  of  man  never  yet  contrived  a 
system  of  taxation  that  would  operate  with  perfect 
equality.  If  the  unequal  operation  of  a  law  makes 
it  unconstitutional,  and  if  all  laws  of  that  description 
may  be  abrogated  by  any  State  for  that  cause,  then, 
indeed,  is  the  federal  Constitution  unworthy  of  the 
slightest  efforts  for  its  preservation.     We  have  hith- 


116  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

erto  relied  on  it  as  the  perpetual  bond  of  our  Union. 
"We  have  received  it  as  the  work  of  the  assembled 
wisdom  of  the  nation.  We  have  trusted  to  it  as  to 
the  sheet-anclior  of  our  safety,  in  the  stormy  times  of 
conflict  with  a  foreign  or  domestic  foe.  We  have 
looked  to  it  with  sacred  awe  as  the  palladium  of  our 
liberties,  and  w^ith  all  the  solemnities  of  religion  have 
pledged  to  each  other  our  lives  and  fortunes  here, 
and  our  hopes  of  happiness  hereafter,  in  its  defense 
and  support.  Were  we  mistaken,  my  countrymen, 
in  attaching  this  importance  to  the  Constitution  of 
our  country  ?  Was  our  devotion  paid  to  the  wretched, 
inefficient,  clumsy  contrivance,  which  this  new  doc- 
trine would  make  it  ?  Did  we  pledge  ourselves  to  the 
support  of  an  airy  nothing — a  bubble  that  must  be 
blown  away  by  the  first  breath  of  disaffection  ?  Waa 
this  self-destroying,  visionary  theory  the  work  of  the 
profound  statesmen,  the  exalted  patriots,  to  whom  the 
task  of  constitutional  reform  was  intrusted?  Did 
the  name  of  Washington  sanction,  did  the  States  de- 
liberately ratify,  such  an  anomaly  in  the  history  of 
fundamental  legislation?  "No.  We  Avere  not  mis- 
taken. The  letter  of  this  great  instrument  is  free 
from  this  radical  fault;  its  language  directly  contra- 
dicts the  imputation;  its  spirit,  its  evident  intent, 
contradicts  it.  "No,  we  did  not  err.  Our  Constitu- 
tion does  not  contain  the  absurdity  of  giving  power 


PEESIDENT   JACKSON  8    PKOCLAMATION".  117 

to  make  laws,  and  another  power  to  resist  them. 
The  sages,  whose  memory  will  always  be  reverenced, 
have  given  us  a  practical,  and,  as  they  hoped,  a  per* 
manent  constitutional  compact.  The  Father  of  his 
Country  did  not  affix  his  revered  name  to  so  palpable 
an  absurdity.  [N'or  did  the  States,  when  they  sever- 
ally ratified  it,  do  so  under  the  impression  that  a  veto 
on  the  laws  of  the  United  States  was  reserved  to 
them,  or  that  they  could  exercise  it  by  application. 
Search  the  debates  in  all  their  conventions — examine 
the  speeches  of  the  most  zealous  opposers  of  federal 
authority — look  at  the  amendments  that  were  pro- 
posed. They  are  all  silent — ^not  a  syllable  uttered, 
not  a  vote  given,  not  a  motion  made,  to  correct  the 
explicit  supremacy  given  to  the  laws  of  the  Union 
over  those  of  the  States,  or  to  show  that  implication, 
as  is  now  contended,  could  defeat  it.  I^o,  we  have 
not  erred !  The  Constitution  is  still  the  object  of  our 
reverence,  the  bond  of  our  union,  our  defense  in 
danger,  the  source  of  our  prosperity  in  peace.  It 
shall  descend,  as  we  have  received  it,  uncorrupted 
by  sophistical  construction,  to  our  posterity ;  and  the 
sacrifices  of  local  interest,  of  State  prejudices,  of  per- 
sonal animosities,  that  were  made  to  bring  it  into 
existence,  will  again  be  patriotically  ofiered  for  its 
support. 

The  two  remaining  objections  made  by  the  ordi- 


118  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 

nance  to  these  laws  are,  that  the  sums  intended  to  bo 
raised  by  them  are  greater  than  are  required,  and 
that  the  proceeds  will  be  unconstitutionally  employed. 
The  Constitution  has  given  expressly  to  Congress  the 
right  of  raising  revenue,  and  of  determining  the  sum 
the  public  exigencies  will  require.  The  States  have 
no  control  over  the  exercise  of  this  right  other  than 
that  which  results  from  the  power  of  changing  the 
representatives  who  abuse  it,  and  thus  procure  re- 
dress. Congress  may  undoubtedly  abuse  this  discre- 
tionary power,  but  the  same  may  be  said  of  others 
with  which  they  are  vested.  Tet  the  discretion  must 
exist  somewhere.  The  Constitution  has  given  it  to 
the  representatives  of  all  the  people,  checked  by  the 
representatives  of  the  States,  and  by  the  executive 
power.  The  South  Carolina  construction  gives  it  to 
the  legislature,  or  the  convention  of  a  single  State, 
where  neither  the  people  of  the  different  States,  nor 
the  States  in  their  separate  capacity,  nor  the  chief 
magistrate  elected  by  the  people,  have  any  represen- 
tation. Which  is  the  most  discreet  disposition  of  the 
power  ?  I  do  not  ask  you,  fellow-citizens,  which  is 
the  constitutional  disposition — that  instrument  speaks 
a  language  not  to  be  misunderstood.  But  if  you  were 
assembled  in  general  convention,  which  would  you 
think  the  safest  depository  of  this  discretionary  power 
in  the  last  resort  ?    "Would  you  add  a  clause  giving 


president'  Jackson's  peoclamation.  119 

it  to  each  of  the  States,  or  would  you  sanction  the 
wise  provisions  already  made  by  your  Constitution  ? 
If  this  should  be  the  result  of  your  deliberations  when 
providing  for  the  future,  are  yon — can  you — be  ready 
to  risk  all  that  we  hold  dear,  to  establish,  for  a  tem- 
porary and  a  local  purpose,  that  which  yon  must 
acknowledge  to  be  destructive,  and  even  absurd,  as  a 
general  provision  ?  Carry  out  the  consequences  of 
this  right  vested  in  the  different  States,  and  yon 
must  perceive  that  the  crisis  your  conduct  presents 
at  this  day  would  recur  whenever  any  law  of  the 
United  States  displeased  any  of  the  States,  and  that 
we  should  soon  cease  to  be  a  nation. 

The  ordinance,  with  the  same  knowledge  of  the 
future  that  characterizes  a  former  objection,  tells  you 
that  the  proceeds  of  the  tax  will  be  unconstitutionally 
applied.  If  this  could  be  ascertained  with  certainty, 
the  objection  would,  with  more  propriety,  be 
reserved  for  the  law  so  applying  the  proceeds,  but 
surely  can  not  be  urged  against  the  laws  levying  the 
duty. 

These  are  the  allegations  contained  in  the  ordi- 
nance.  Examine  them  seriously,  my  fellow-citizens 
— ^judge  for  yourselves.  I  appeal  to  you  to  deter- 
mine whether  they  are  so  clear,  so  convincing,  as  to 
leave  no  doubt  of  their  correctness  ;  and  even  if  you 
should  come  to  this  conclusion,  how  far  they  justify 


120  NATTOXAL   HAND-BOOK. 

the  reckless,  destructive  course  which  you  are  directed 
to  pursue.  Keview  these  objections,  and  the  conclu- 
sions drawn  from  them  once  more.  AVhat  are  they? 
Every  law,  then,  for  raising  revenue,  according  to 
the  South  Carolina  ordinance,  may  be  rightfully  an- 
nulled, unless  it  be  so  framed  as  no  law  ever  will  or 
can  be  framed.  Congress  have  a  right  to  pass  laws 
for  raising  revenue,  and  each  State  has  a  right  to 
oppose  their  execution — two  rights  directly  opposed, 
to  each  other;  and  yet  is  this  absurdity  supposed  to 
be  contained  in  an  instrument  drawn  for  the  express 
purpose  of  avoiding  collisions  between  the  States  and 
the  general  government,  by  an  assembly  of  the  most 
enlightened  statesmen  and  purest  patriots  ever  em- 
bodied for  a  similiar  purpose. 

In  vain  have  these  sages  declared  that  Congress 
shall  have  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  im- 
posts, and  excises — in  vain  have  they  provided  that 
they  shall  have  power  to  pass  laws  which  shall  be 
necessary  and  proper  to  carry  those  powers  into 
execution,  that  those  laws  and  that  Constitution  shall 
be  the  "supreme  law  of  the  land;  and  that  the 
judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  any- 
thing in  the  constitution  or  laws  of  any  State  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding."  In  vain  have  the  people 
of  the  several  States  solemnly  sanctioned  these  pro- 
visions, made  them  their  paramount  law,  and  indi- 


PEESIDENT  JACKSOX'S   PEOCLAMATION.  121 

viduallj  sworn  to  support  them  whenever  they  were 
called  on  to  execute  any  office. 

Vain  provisions  !  Ineffectual  restrictions  !  Vile 
profanation  of  oaths  !  Miserable  mockery  of  legisla- 
tion !  If  a  bare  majority  of  the  voters  in  any  one 
State  may,  on  a  real  or  supposed  knowledge  of  tlie 
intent  with  which  a  law  has  been  passed,  declare 
themselves  free  from  its  operation — say  here  it  gives 
too  little,  there  too  much,  and  operates  unequally — 
here  it  suffers  articles  to  be  free  that  ought  to  be 
taxed,  there  it  taxes  those  that  ought  to  be  free — in 
this  case  the  proceeds  are  intended  to  be  aj)plied  to 
purposes  which  we  do  not  approve,  in  that  the 
amount  raised  is  more  than  is  wanted.  Congress,  it 
is  true,  are  invested  by  the  Constitution  with  the 
right  of  deciding  these  questions  according  to  their 
sound  discretion.  Congress  is  composed  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  all  the  States,  and  of  all  the  people  of 
all  the  States ;  but  we,  part  of  the  people  of  one 
State,  to  whom  the  Constitution  has  given  no  power 
on  the  subject,  from  whom  it  has  expressly  taken  it 
away — we,  who  have  solemnly  agreed  that  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  our  law — we,  most  of  whom  have 
sworn  to  support  it — we  now  abrogate  this  law,  and^ 
swear,  and  force  others  to  swear,  tliat  it  shall  not  be 
obeyed — and  we  do  this,  not  because  Congress  have 
no  right  to  pass  such  laws ;  this  we  do  not  allege ; 


122  NATIONAL    nAND-BOOK. 

but  because  thej  have  passed  tbem  with  improper 
views.     Tbej  are  unconstitutional  from  the  motives 
of  those  who  pass  them,  whicli  we  can  never  with 
certainty    know,    from    their    unequal    operation; 
although  it  is  impossible  from  the  nature  of  things 
that  they  should  be  equal — and  from  the  disposition 
which  we  presume  may  be  made  of  their  proceeds, 
although    that  disposition   has  not   been   declared. 
This  is  the  plain  meaning  of  the  ordinance  in  rela- 
tion to  laws  which  it  abrogates  for  alleged  unconsti- 
tutionality.    But  it  does  not  stop  here.     It  repeals, 
in  express  terms,  an  important  part  of  the  Constitu- 
tion itself,  and  of  laws  passed  to  give  it  eifcct,  which 
have   never    been    alleged   to    be    unconstitutional. 
The  Constitution  declares  that  the  judicial  powers  of 
the  United  States  extend  to  cases  arising  under  the 
laws  of  the  United  States,  and  that  such  laws  the 
Constitution  and  treaties  shall  be  paramount  to  the 
State  constitutions  and  laws.     The  judiciary  act  pre- 
scribes the  mode  by  which  the  case  may  be  brought 
before  a  court  of  the  United  States,  by  appeal,  when 
a  State  tribunal  shall  decide  against  this  provision  of 
the    Constitution,      The   ordinance    declares    there 
shall  be  no  appeal ;  makes  the  State  law  paramount 
to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States ; 
forces  judges  and  jurors  to  swear  that  they  will  dis- 
regard their  provisions  ;  and  even  makes  it  penal  in 


PRESIDENT  Jackson's  peoclamation.  123 

a  suitor  to  attempt  relief  by  appeal.  It  further 
declares  tliat  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the  authorities 
of  the  United  States,  or  of  that  State,  to  enforce  tlio 
payment  of  duties  imposed  by  the  revenue  laws 
within  its  limits. 

Here  is  a  law  of  the  United  States,  not  even 
pretended  to  be  unconstitutional,  repealed  by  the 
authority  of  a  small  majority  of  the  voters  of  a  single 
State.  Here  is  a  provision  of  the  Constitution  which 
is  solemnly  abrogated  by  the  same  authority. 

On  such  expositions  and  reasonings,  the  ordi- 
nance grounds  not  only  an  assertion  of  the  riglit  to 
annul  the  laws  of  which  it  complains,  but  to  enforce 
it  by  a  threat  of  seceding  from  the  Union,  if  any 
attempt  is  made  to  execute  them. 

This  right  to  secede  is  deduced  from  the  nature 
of  the  Constitution,  which  they  say  is  a  compact 
between  sovereign  States,  who  have  pr^erved  their 
whole  sovereignty,  and  therefore  are  subject  to  no 
superior ;  that  because  they  made  the  compact,  they 
can  break  it  when  in  their  opinion  it  has  been 
departed  from  by  the  other  States.  Fallacious  aa 
this  course  of  reasoning  is,  it  enlists  State  pride,  and 
finds  advocates  in  the  honest  prejudices  of  those  who 
have  not  studied  the  nature  of  our  government  sulS' 
ciently  to  see  the  radical  error  on  which  it  rests. 

The  people  of  the  United  States  formed  the  Con- 


124  NATIONAL   FAJSTD-BOOK. 

stitutiori,  acting  tlirougli  the  State  legislatures,  in 
making  the  compact,  to  meet  and  discuss  its  provis- 
ions, and  acting  in  separate  conventions  when  they 
ratified  those  provisions ;  but  the  term  used  in  its 
construction  show  it  to  be  a  government  in  whichi 
the  people  of  all  the  States  collectively  are  repre- 
sented. We  are  one  people  in  the  choice  of  the 
President  and  Yice-President.  Here  the  States  have 
no  other  agency  than  to  direct  the  mode  in  which 
the  votes  shall  be  given.  The  candidates  having  the 
majority  of  all  the  votes^^^'re  chosen.  The  electors 
of  a  majority  of  States  may  have  given  their  votes 
for  one  candidate,  and  yet  another  may  be  chosen. 
The  people  then,  and  not  the  States,  are  represented 
in  the  executive  branch. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives  there  is  this 
difference,  that  the  people  of  one  State  do  not,  as  in 
the  case  of  President  and  Yice-President,  all  vote 
for  all  the  members,  each  State  electing  only  its  own 
representatives.  But  this  creates  no  material  distinc- 
tion. When  chosen,  they  are  all  representatives  of 
the  United  States,  not  representatives  of  the  particu- 
lar State  from  which  they  come.  They  are  paid  by 
the  United  States,  not  by  the  State ;  nor  are  they 
accountable  to  it  for  any  act  done  in  performance  of 
their  legislative  functions ;  and  however  they  may 
in  practice,  as  it  is  their  duty  to  do,  consult  and  pre- 


PEESIDENT  JACKSON  S   PEOCLAMATION.  125 

fer  the  interests  of  their  particular  constituents  when 
they  come  in  conflict  with  any  other  partial  or  local 
interest,  yet  it  is  their  first  and  highest  duty,  as 
representatives  of  the  United  States,  to  promote  the 
general  good. 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  then, 
forms  a  government,  not  a  league,  and  whether  it  be 
formed  by  compact  between  the  States,  or  in  any 
other  manner,  its  character  is  the  same.  It  is  a  gov- 
ernment in  which  all  the  people  are  represented, 
which  operates  directly  on  the  people  individually, 
not  upon  the  States ;  they  retained  all  the  power 
they  did  not  grant.  But  each  State  having  expressly 
parted  with  so  many  powers  as  to  constitute  jointly 
with  the  other  States  a  single  nation,  can  not  from 
that  period  possess  any  right  to  secede,  because  such 
secession  does  not  break  a  league,  but  destroys  the 
unity  of  a  nation,  and  any  injury  to  that  unity  is  not 
only  a  breach  which  would  result  from  the  contra- 
vention of  a  compact,  but  it  is  an  offense  against  the 
whole  Union.  To  say  that  any  State  may  at  pleas- 
ure secede  from  the  Union,  is  to  say  that  the  United 
States  is  not  a  nation  ;  because  it  would  be  a  sole- 
cism to  contend  that  any  part  of  a  nation  might 
dissolve  its  connection  with  the  other  parts,  to  their 
i]ijury  or  ruin,  without  committing  any  offense. 
Secession,  like   any  other  revolutionary  act,  may  be 


126  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

morally  justified  by  the  extremity  of  oppression  ;  but 
to  call  it  a  constitutional  right,  is  confounding  the 
meaning  of  terms,  and  can  only  be  done  through 
gross  error,  or  to  deceive  those  who  are  willing  to 
assert  a  right,  but  would  pause  before  they  made  a 
revolution,  or  incur  the  penalties  consequent  upon  a 
failure. 

Because  the  Union  was  formed  by  compact,  it  is 
said  the  parties  to  that  compact  may,  when  they  feel 
aggrieved,  depart  from  it ;  but  it  is  precisely  because 
it  is  a  compact  that  they  cannot.  A  contract  is  an 
agreement  or  binding  obligation.  It  may  by  its 
terms  have  a  sanction  or  penalty  for  its  breach,  or  it 
may  not.  If  it  contains  no  sanction,  it  may  be 
broken  with  no  other  consequence  than  moral  guilt ; 
if  it  have  a  sanction,  then  the  breach  incurs  the 
designated  or  implied  penalty.  A  league  between 
independent  nations,  generally,  has  no  sanction  other 
than  a  moral  one  ;  or  if  it  should  contain  a  penalty, 
as  there  is  no  common  superior,  it  cannot  be 
enforced.  A  government,  on  the  contrary,  always 
has  a  sanction,  express  or  implied  ;  and,  in  our  case, 
it  is  both  necessarily  implied  and  expressly  given. 
An  attempt  by  force  of  arms  to  destroy  a  govern 
ment  is  an  offense,  by  whatever  means  the  constitu- 
tional compact  may  have  been  formed ;  and  such 
government  has  the  right,  by  the  law  of  self-defense, 


PEESIDENT  JACKSON'S   PROCLAMATION.  127 

to  pass  acts  for  pnnisMng  tlie  offender,  unless  that 
right  is  modified,  restrained,  or  resumed  by  the  con- 
stitutional act.  In  our  system,  although  it  is  modi- 
fied in  the  case  of  treason,  yet  authority  is  expressly 
given  to  pass  all  laws  necessary  to  carry  its  powers 
into  effect,  and  under  this  grant  provision  has  been 
made  for  punishing  acts  which  obstruct  the  due 
administration  of  the  laws. 

It  would  seem  superfluous  to  add  anything  to 
show  the  nature  of  that  union  which  connects  us ; 
but  as  erroneous  opinions  on  this  subject  are  the 
foundation  of  doctrines  the  most  destructive  to  our 
peace,  I  must  give  some  further  development  to  my 
views  on  this  subject.  'No  one,  fellow-citizens,  has  a 
higher  reverence  for  the  reserved  rights  of  the  States 
than  the  magistrate  who  now  addresses  vou.  No 
one  would  make  greater  personal  sacrifices,  or  ofli- 
cial  exertions,  to  defend  them  from  violation  ;  but 
equal  care  must  be  taken  to  prevent,  on  their  part, 
an  improper  interference  with,  or  resumption  of,  the 
rights  they  have  vested  in  the  nation.  The  line  has 
not  been  so  distinctly  drawn  as  to  avoid  doubts  in 
some  cases  of  the  exercise  of  power.  Men  of  the 
best  intentions  and  soundest  views  may  differ  in 
their  construction  of  some  parts  of  the  Constitution  ; 
but  there  are  others  on  w^ich  dispassionate  reflection 
can  leave  no  doubt.     Of  this  nature  appears  to  be 


128  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the  assumed  right  of  secession.  It  rests,  as  we  have 
seen,  on  the  alleged  and  undivided  sovereignty  of  tho 
States,  and  of  their  having  formed  in  this  sovereign 
capacity  a  compact  which  is  called  the  Constitution, 
from  which,  because  they  made  it,  they  have  the 
right  to  secede.  Both  of  these  positions  are  errone- 
ous, and  some  of  the  arguments  to  prove  them  so 
have  been  anticipated. 

The  States  severally  have  not  retained  their 
entire  sovereignty.  It  has  been  shown  that  in 
becoming  parts  of  a  nation,  not  members  of  a  league, 
they  surrendered  many  of  their  essential  parts  of 
sovereignty.  The  right  to  make  treaties,  declare 
war,  levy  taxes,  exercise  judicial  and  legislative 
powers,  were  all  functions  of  sovereign  poAver.  The 
States,  then,  for  all  these  important  purposes,  were 
no  longer  sovereign.  The  allegiance  of  their  citizens 
was  transferred  in  the  first  instance  to  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  ;  they  became  American 
citizens,  and  owed  obedience  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and  to  laws  made  in  conformity 
with  the  powers  vested  in  Congress.  This  last  posi- 
tion has  not  been,  and  can  not  be,  denied.  How, 
then,  can  that  State  be  said  to  be  sovereign  and 
independent  whose  citizens  owe  obedience  to  laws 
not  made  by  it,  and  whose  magistrates  are  sworn  to 
disregard  those  laws,  when    they  come  in   conflict 


PEEsiDENT  Jackson's  PEocLAMATioN.        129 

•with  tliose  passed  by  another  ?  What  shows  conchi- 
sively  that  the  IStates  can  not  be  said  to  have 
reserved  an  undivided  sovereignty,  is  that  they 
expressly  ceded  the  right  to  punish  treason — not 
treason  against  a  separate  power,  but  treason  against 
the  United  States.  Treason  is  an  offense  against  sov* 
ereignty,  and  sovereignty  must  reside  with  the  poAver 
to  punish  it.  Eut  the  reserved  rights  of  the  States 
are  not  less  sacred  because  they  have  for  their  com- 
mon interest  made  the  general  government  the 
depository  of  these  powers.  The  unity  of  our  politi- 
cal cliaracter  (as  lias  been  shown  for  another  pur- 
pose) commenced  with  its  very  existence.  Under 
the  royal  government  we  had  no  separate  character ; 
our  opposition  to  its  oppression  began  as  tnited 
COLONIES.  We  were  the  United  States  under  the 
Confederation,  and  the  name  was  perpetuated  and 
the  Union  rendered  more  perfect  by  the  federal  Con- 
stitution. In  none  of  these  stashes  did  we  consider 
ourselves  in  any  other  light  than  as  forming  one 
nation.  Treaties  and  alliances  were  made  in  the 
name  of  all.  Troops  were  raised  for  the  joint 
defense.  How,  then,  with  all  these  proofs,  that 
under  all  changes  of  our  position  we  had,  for  desig- 
nated purposes  and  with  defined  powers,  created 
national  governments — how  is  it  that  the  most  per- 
fect of  these  several  modes  of  union  should  now  bo 


J  30  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

considered  as  a  mere  league  that  may  be  dissolved  at 
pleasure?  It  is  from  an  abuse  of  terms.  Compact 
is  used  as  synonymous  with  league,  although  the 
true  term  is  not  employed,  because  it  would  at  onca 
show  the  fallacy  of  the  reasoning.  It  would  not  do  t  > 
say  that  our  Constitution  was  only  a  league,  but  it  is 
labored  to  prove  it  a  compact  (which,  in  one  sense,  it 
is),  and  then  to  argue  that  as  a  league  is  a  compact, 
every  compact  between  nations  must,  of  course,  be  a 
league,  and  that  from  such  an  engagement  every 
sovereign  power  has  a  right  to  recede.  But  it  has 
been  shown  that  in  this  sense  the  States  are  not 
sovereign,  and  that  even  if  they  were,  and  the 
national  Constitution  had  been  formed  by  compact, 
there  would  be  no  right  in  any  one  State  to  exone- 
rate itself  from  the  obligation. 

So  obvious  are  the  reasons  which  forbid  this 
secession,  that  it  is  necessary  only  to  allude  to  them. 
The  Union  was  formed  for  the  benefit  of  all.  It  was 
produced  by  mutual  sacrifice  of  interest  and  opinions. 
Can  those  sacrifices  be  recalled  ?  Can  the  States, 
who  magnanimously  surrendered  their  title  to  the 
territories  of  the  West,  recall  the  grant  ?  "Will  the 
inhabitants  of  the  inland  States  agree  to  pay  the 
duties  that  may  be  imposed  without  their  assent  by 
those  on  the  Atlantic  or  the  Gulf,  for  their  own 
benefit  ?     Shall  there  be  a  free  port  in  one  State, 


PEEsiDENT  Jackson's  PEocLAMATioisr.         131 

and  enormous  duties  in  another?  'No  one  "believes 
tliat  any  right  exists  in  a  single  State  to  involve  all 
the  others  in  these  and  countless  other  evils,  contrary 
to  engagements  solemnly  made.  Every  one  must 
see  that  the  other  States,  in  self-defense,  must  oppose 
it  at  all  hazards. 

These  are  the  alternatives  that  are  presented  by 
the  convention  :  A  repeal  of  all  the  acts  for  raising 
revenue,  leaving  the  government  without  the  means 
of  support ;  or  an  acquiesce  in  the  dissolution  of  our 
Union  by  the  secession  of  one  of  its  members. 
When  the  first  was  proposed,  it  was  known  that  it 
could  not  be  listened  to  for  a  moment.  It  was 
known  if  force  was  applied  to  oppose  the  execution 
of  the  laws,  that  it  must  be  repelled  by  force — that 
Congress  could  not,  without  involving  itself  in  dis- 
grace and  the  country  in  ruin,  accede  to  the  proposi- 
tion ;  and  yet  if  this  is  not  done  in  a  given  day,  or 
if  any  attempt  is  made  to  execute  the  laws,  the  State 
is,  by  the  ordinance,  declared  to  be  out  of  the  Union. 
The  majority  of  a  convention  assembled  for  the  pur- 
pose have  dictated  these  terms,  or  rather  this 
rejection  of  all  terms,  in  the  name  of  the  people  of 
South  Carolina.  It  is  true  that  the  o-overnor  of  the 
State  speaks  of  the  submission  of  their  grievances  to  a 
convention  of  all  the  States ;  which,  he  says,  they 
"  sincerely  and  anxiously  seek  and  desire."     Yet  this 


132  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

obvious  and  constitutional  mode  of  obtaining  the 
sense  of  the  other  States  on  the  construction  of  the 
federal  compact,  and  amending  it,  if  necessary,  has 
never  been  attempted  by  those  who  have  urged  the 
State  ou  to  this  destructive  measure.  The  State 
might  have  proposed  a  call  for  a  general  convention 
to  the  other  States,  and  Congress,  if  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  them  concurred,  must  have  called  it.  But  the 
first  magistrate  of  South  Carolina,  when  he  expressed 
a  liope  that,  "  on  a  review  by  Congress  and  the  func- 
tionaries of  the  general  government  of  the  merits  of 
the  controversy,"  such  a  convention  will  be  accorded 
to  them,  must  have  known  that  neither  Congress, 
nor  any  functionary  in  the  general  government,  hay 
authority  to  call  such  a  convention,  unless  it  be 
demanded  by  two-thirds  of  the  States.  This  sug- 
gestion, then,  is  another  instance  of  the  reckless 
inattention  to  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  with 
which  this  crisis  has  been  madly  hurried  on ;  or  of 
the  attempt  to  persuade  the  people  that  a  constitu- 
tional remedy  has  been  sought  and  refused.  If  the 
lecrislature  of  South  Carolina  "  anxiouslv  desire  "  a 
general  convention  to  consider  their  complaints,  why 
have  they  not  made  application  for  it  in  the  way  the 
Constitution  points  out?  The  assertion  that  they 
"  earnestly  seek  "  it  is  completely  negatived  by  the 
omission. 


PEESiDENT  Jackson's  peoclamation.         133 

This,  then  is  the  position  in  which  we  stand.  A 
small  majority  of  the  citizens  of  one  State  in  the 
Union  have  elected  delegates  to  a  State  convention  ; 
that  convention  has  ordained  that  all  the  revenue 
laws  of  the  United  States  must  be  repealed,  or  that 
they  are  no  longer  a  member  of  the  Union.  The 
governor  of  that  State  has  recommended  to  the  legis- 
lature the  raising  of  an  array  to  carry  the  secession 
into  effect,  and  that  he  may  be  empowered  to  give 
clearances  to  vessels  in  the  name  of  the  State.  No 
act  of  violent  opposition  to  the  laAvs  has  yet  been 
committed,  but  such  a  state  of  things  is  bourly  appre- 
hended, and  it  is  the  intent  of  this  instrument  to 
PROCLAIM,  not  only  that  thp  duty  imposed  on  me  by 
the  Constitution,  "  to  take  care  that  the  laws  be 
faithfully  executed,"  shall  be  performed  to  the  extent 
of  the  powers  already  vested  in  me  by  law,  or  of  such 
others  as  the  wisdom  of  Congress  shall  devise  and 
intrust  to  me  for  that  purpose  ;  but  to  warn  the  citi- 
zens of  South  Carolina,  who  have  been  deluded  into 
an  opposition  to  the  laws,  of  the  danger  they  will 
incur  by  obedience  to  the  illegal  and  disorganizing 
ordinance  of  the  convention — to  exhort  those  who 
have  refused  to  support  it  to  persevere  in  their  deter- 
mination to  uphold  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  their 
country,  and  to  point  out  to  all  the  perilous  situa- 
tion into  which  the  good  people  of  that  State  have 


134:  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

been  led,  and  that  the  course  they  are  urged  to  pur- 
sue is  one  of  ruin  and  disgrace  to  the  very  State 
whose  rights  they  effect  to  support. 

Fellow-citizens  of  my  native  State !  let  me  not 
only  admonish  you,  as  the  first  magistrate  of  our 
common  country,  not  to  incur  the  penalty  of  its  laws, 
but  use  the  influence  that  a  father  would  over  his 
children  whom  he  saw  rushing  to  a  certain  ruin.  In 
that  paternal  language,  with  that  paternal  feeling, 
let  me  tell  you,  my  countrymen,  that  you  are  deluded 
by  men  who  are  either  deceived  themselves  or  wish 
to  deceive  you.  Mark  under  what  pretenses  you 
have  been  led  on  to  the  brink  of  insurrection  and 
treason  on  which  you  stand  !  First  a  diminution  of 
the  value  of  our  staple  commodity,  lowered  by  over- 
production in  other  quarters  and  the  consequent 
diminution  in  the  value  of  your  lands,  were  the  sole 
effect  of  the  tariff*  laws.  The  effect  of  those  laws 
was  confessedly  injurious,  but  the  evil  was  greatly 
exaggerated  by  the  unfounded  theory  you  were 
taught  to  believe,  that  its  burdens  were  in  propor- 
tion to  your  exports,  not  to  your  consumption  of 
imported  articles.  Your  pride  was  roused  by  the 
assertions  that  a  submission  to  these  laws  was  a  state 
of  vassalage,  and  that  resistance  to  them  was  equal, 
in  patriotic  merit,  to  the  opposition  our  fathers 
offered  to  the  oppressive  laws  of  Great  Britain.    You 


pREsroEKT  Jackson's  proclamation.         135 

were  told  that  tliis  opposition  might  be  peaceably— 
miglit  be  constitutionally  made — that  you  might 
enjoy  all  the  advantages  of  the  Union  and  bear  none 
of  its  burdens.  Eloquent  appeals  to  your  passions, 
to  your  State  pride,  to  your  native  courage,  to  your 
sense  of  real  injury,  were  used  to  prepare  you  for  the 
period  when  the  mask  which  concealed  the  hideous 
features  of  disunion  should  be  taken  off.  It  fell,  and 
you  were  made  to  look  with  complacency  on  objects 
which  not  long  since  you  would  have  regarded  with 
horror.  Look  back  to  the  arts  which  have  brouo-ht 
you  to  this  state — look  forward  to  the  consequences 
to  which  it  must  inevitably  lead!  Look  back  to 
what  was  first  told  you  as  an  inducement  to  enter 
into  this  dangerous  course.  The  great  political 
truth  was  repeated  to  you  that  you  had  the  revolu- 
tionary right  of  resisting  all  laws  that  were  palpably 
unconstitutional  and  intolerably  oppressive — it  was 
added  that  the  right  to  nullify  a  law  rested  on  the 
same  principle,  but  that  it  was  a  peaceable  remedy ! 
This  character  which  was  given  to  it,  made  you 
receive  with  too  much  confidence  the  assertions  that 
were  made  of  the  unconstitutionality  of  the  law  and 
its  oppressive  effects.  Mark,  my  fellow-citizens,  that 
by  the  admission  of  your  leaders  the  unconstitution 
ality  must  he paVpaMe^  or  it  will  justify  either  resis-t- 

ance  or  nullification !    What  is  the  meaning  of  the 
4 


136  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

word  palpable  in  the  sense  in  which  it  is  here  used  ? 
— that  which  is  apparent  to  every  one,  that  which  no 
man  of  ordinary  intellect  will  fail  to  perceive.  Is 
the  unconstitutionality  of  these  laws  of  that  descrip- 
tion ?  Let  those  among  your  leaders  who  once 
approved  and  advocated  the  principles  of  protective 
duties,  answer  the  question ;  and  let  them  choose 
whether  they  will  be  considered  as  incapable,  then, 
of  perceiving  that  which  must  have  been  apparent  to 
every  man  of  common  understanding,  or  as  imposing 
upon  our  confidence  and  endeavoring  to  mislead  you 
now.  In  either  case,  they  are  unsafe  guides  in  the 
perilous  path  they  urge  you  to  tread.  Ponder  well 
on  this  circumstance,  and  you  will  know  how  to 
appreciate  the  exaggerated  language  they  address 
to  you.  They  are  not  champions  of  liberty  emulat- 
ing the  fame  of  our  Hevolutionary  fathers,  nor  are 
you  an  oppressed  people,  contending,  as  they  repeat 
to  you,  against  worse  than  colonial  vassalage.  You 
are  free  members  of  a  flourishing  and  happy  Union. 
There  is  no  settled  design  to  oppress  you.  You 
have,  indeed,  felt  the  unequal  operation  of  laws 
wliich  may  have  been  unwisely,  not  unconstitution- 
ally passed ;  but  that  inequality  must  necessarily  be 
removed.  At  the  very  moment  when  you  were 
madly  urged  on  to  the  unfortunate  course  you  have 
begun,  a  change  in  public  opinion  has  commenced. 


PRESIDENT  Jackson's  peoclamation.        137 


The  nearly  approaching  payment  of  the  public  debt, 
and  the  consequent  necessity  of  a  diminution  of 
duties,  had  already  caused  a  considerable  reduction, 
and  that,  too,  on  some  articles  of  general  consump- 
tion in  your  State.  The  importance  of  this  change 
was  underrated,  and  you  were  authoritatively  told 
that  no  further  alleviation  of  your  burdens  was  to  be 
expected,  at  the  very  time  when  the  condition  of  the 
country  imperiously  demanded  such  a  modification 
of  the  duties  as  sliould  reduce  them  to  a  just  and 
equitable  scale.  But,  as  apprehensive  of  the  effect 
of  this  change  in  allaying  your  discontents,  you  were 
precipitated  into  a  fearful  state  in  which  you  now 
find  yourselves. 

I  have  uro;ed  you  to  look  back  to  the  means  that 
were  used  to  hurry  you  on  to  the  position  you  have 
now  assumed,  and  forward  to  the  consequences  it  will 
produce.  Something  more  is  necessary.  Contem- 
plate the  condition  of  that  country  of  which  you  still 
form  an  important  part ;  consider  its  government 
uniting  in  one  bond  of  common  interest  and  general 
protection  so  many  different  States — giving  to  all 
their  inhabitants  the  proud  title  of  American  citi- 
zens— protecting  their  commerce — securing  their 
literature  and  arts — facilitating  their  intercommuni- 
cation— defending  their  frontiers — and  making  their 
name  respected  in  the  remotest  parts  of  the  earth  1 


138  KATIONAL   HAKD-BOOK. 

Consider  tlie  extent  of  its  territory,  its  increasing  and 
happy  population,  its  advance  in  arts,  which  render 
life  agreeable,  and  the  sciences  which  elevate  the 
mind !  See  education  spreading  the  lights  of 
religion,  morality,  and  general  information  into  every 
cottage  in  this  wide  extent  of  our  Territories  and 
States  !  Behold  it  as  the  asylum  where  the  wretched 
and  the  oppressed  find  a  refuge  and  support !  Look 
on  this  picture  of  happiness  and  honor,  and  say,  we, 
TOO,  AEE  CITIZENS  OF  America — Carolina  is  one  of 
these  proud  States  her  arms  have  defended — her  best 
blood  has  cemented  this  happy  Union  !  And  then 
add,  if  you  can,  without  horror  and  remorse,  this 
happy  Union  we  will  dissolve — this  picture  of  peace 
and  prosperity  we  will  deface — this  free  intercourse 
we  will  interrupt — these  fertile  fields  we  will  deluge 
with  blood — the  protection  of  that  glorious  flag  we 
renounce — the  very  name  of  Americans  we  discard. 
And  for  what,  mistaken  men !  For  what  do  you  throw 
away  these  inestimable  blessings — for  what  would  you 
exchange  your  share  in  the  advantages  and  honor 
of  the  Union  ?  For  the  dream  of  a  separate  inde- 
pendence— a  dream  interrupted  by  bloody  conflicts 
with  your  neighbors,  and  a  vile  dependence  on  a  for- 
eign power.  If  your  leaders  could  succeed  in  estab- 
lishing a  separation,  what  would  be  your  situation  ? 
Are  you   united  at  home — are  you  free  from  the 


PEESIDENT  JACKSOn's   PEOCLAMATIOX.  139 

apprehension  of  civil  discord,  with  all  its  fearful  con- 
sequences ?  Do  our  neighboring  republics,  every 
day  suffering  some  new  revolution  or  contending 
with  some  new  insurrection — do  they  excite  your 
envy  ?  But  the  dictates  of  a  high  duty  oblige  me 
solemnly  to  announce  that  you  can  not  succeed. 
The  laws  of  the  United  States  must  be  executed.  I 
have  no  discretionary  power  on  the  subject — my 
duty  is  emphatically  pronounced  in  the  Constitution. 
Those  who  told  you  that  you  might  peaceably 
prevent  their  execution,  deceived  you — they  could 
not  have  been  deceived  themselves.  They  know 
that  a  forcible  opposition  could  alone  prevent  the 
execution  of  the  laws,  and  they  know  that  such 
opposition  must  be  repelled.  Their  object  is  dis- 
union ;  but  be  not  deceived  by  names ;  disunion,  by 
armed  force,  is  treason.  Are  you  really  ready  to 
incur  this  guilt  ?  If  you  are,  on  the  head  of  the 
instigators  of  the  act  be  the  dreadful  consequences — 
on  tlieir  heads  be  the  dishonor,  but  on  yours  may  fall 
the  punishment — on  your  unhappy  State  will  inev- 
itably fall  all  the  evils  of  the  conflict  you  force  upon 
the  government  of  your  country.  It  cannot  accede 
to  the  mad  project  of  disunion  of  which  you  would 
be  the  first  victims — its  first  magistrate  can  not,  if  he 
would,  avoid  the  performance  of  his  duty — the  con- 
sequence must  be  feaiful  for  you,  distressing  to  your 


140  NATIONAL    HAOT3-B00E:. 

fellow-citizens  here,  and  to  the  friends  of  good  gov- 
ernment throughout  the  world.      Its  enemies  have 
beheld  our  prosperity  with  a  vexation  they  could  not 
conceal — it  w^as  a  standing  refutation  of  their  slavish 
doctrines,  and  they  will  point  to  our  discord  with  the 
triumph  of  malignant  joy.     It  is  yet  in  your  power 
to  disappoint  them.     There  is  yet  time  to  show  that 
the  descendants  of  the  Pinckneys,  the  Sumpters,  the 
Kutledges,  and  of  the  thousand  other  names  which 
adorn  the  pages  of  your  revolutionary  history,  will 
not  abandon  that  Union  to  support  which  so  many 
of  them  fought  and  bled  and  died.     I  adjure  you,  as 
you  honor  their  memory — as  you  love  the  cause  of 
freedom,  to  which  they  dedicated  their  lives — as  you 
prize  the  peace  of  your  country,  the  lives  of  its  best 
citizens,  and  your  own  fair  fame,  to  retrace  your 
steps.     Snatch  from  the  archives  of  your  State  the 
disorganizing  edict  of  its  convention — bid  its  mem- 
bers  to  re-assemble    and  promulgate  the    decided 
expressions  of  your  will  to  remain  in  the  path  which 
alone  can  conduct  you  to  safety,   prosperity,  and 
honor — tell  them   that   compared   to   disunion,   all 
other  evils  are  light,  because  that  brings  with  it  an 
accumulation  of  all — declare  that  you  will  never  take 
the   held   unless   the   star-spangled  banner  of  your 
country  shall  float  over  you — that  you  will  not  be 
stigmatized  when  dead,  and  dishonored  and  scorned 


PEEsiDENT  Jackson's  peoclamation'.         141 

wliile  you  live,  as  the  authors  of  the  first  attack  on 
the  Constitution  of  your  country ! — its  destroyers  you 
can  not  be.  Ton  may  disturb  its  peace — you  may 
interrupt  the  course  of  its  prosperity — you  may 
cloud  its  reputation  for  stability — but  its  tranquillity 
will  be  restored,  its  prosperity  will  return,  and  the 
stain  upon  its  national  character  will  be  transferred 
and  remain  an  eternal  blot  on  the  memory  of  those 
who  caused  the  disorder. 

Fellow-citizens  of  the  United  States !  the  threat  of 
unhallowed  disunion — the  names  of  those,  once  re- 
spected, by  whom  it  is  uttered — the  array  of  military 
force  to  support  it — denote  the  approach  of  a  crisis  in 
our  affairs  on  which  the  continuance  of  our  unexam- 
pled prosperity,  our  political  existence,  and  perhaps 
that  of  all  free  governments,  may  depend.  The  con- 
jecture demanded  a  free,  a  full,  and  explicit  enuncia- 
tion, not  only  of  my  intentions,  but  of  my  principles 
of  action ;  and  as  the  claim  was  asserted  of  a  right  by 
a  State  to  annul  the  laws  of  the  Union,  and  even  to 
secede  from  it  at  pleasure,  a  frank  exposition  of  my 
opinions  in  relation  to  the  origin  and  form  of  our 
government,  and  the  construction  I  give  to  the 
instrument  by  which  it  was  created,  seemed  to  be 
proper.  Having  the  fullest  confidence  in  the  just- 
ness of  the  legal  and  constitutional  opinion  of  my 
duties  which  has  been  expressed,  I  rely  with  equal 


14:2  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

confidence  on  your  undivided  support  in  my  deter- 
mination to  execute  the  laws — to  preserve  the  Union 
by  all  constitutional  means — to  arrest,  if  possiblej  h} 
moderate  but  firm  measures,  the  necessity  of  a 
recourse  to  force ;  and,  if  it  be  the  will  of  Heaven 
that  the  recurrence  of  its  primeval  curse  on  man  for 
the  shedding  of  a  brother's  blood  should  fall  upon 
our  land,  that  it  be  not  called  down  by  any  offensive 
act  on  the  part  of  the  United  States. 

Fellow-citizens !  the  momentous  case  is  before 
you.  On  your  undivided  support  of  your  govern- 
ment depends  the  decision  of  t]ie  great  question  it 
involves,  whether  your  sacred  Union  will  be  pre- 
served, and  the  blessing  it  secures  to  us  as  one  people 
shall  be  perpetuated.  'No  one  can  doubt  that  the 
unanimity  with  which  that  decision  will  be  expressed, 
will  be  such  as  to  inspire  new  confidence  in  republi- 
can institutions,  and  that  the  prudence,  the  wisdom, 
and  the  courage  which  it  will  bring  to  their  defense, 
will  transmit  them  unimpaired  and  invigorated  to 
our  children. 

May  the  Great  Ruler  of  nations  grant  that  the 
signal  blessings  with  which  He  has  favored  ours  may 
not,  by  the  madness  of  party,  or  personal  ambition, 
be  disregarded  and  lost,  and  may  His  wise  provi- 
dence bring  those  who  have  produced  this  crisis  to 
Bee  the  folly,  before  they  feel  the  misery,  of  civil 


PRESIDENT  Jackson's  peoclamation.  143 

strife,  and  inspire  a  returning  veneration  for  that 
Union  which,  if  we  may  dare  to  penetrate  His 
designs.  He  has  chosen,  as  the  only  means  of  attain- 
ing the  high  destinies  to  which  we  may  reasonably 
aspire. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  caused  the  seal  of 
the  United   States  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  having 
signed  the  same  with  my  hand. 
Done  at  the  City  of  "Washington,  this  10th  day  of 
December,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
eight  hundred   and  thirty-two,  and  of  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States  the  fifty-seventh. 

Andeew  Jacksoh. 
By  the  President. 
Edw.  Livingsoe,  SeGretary  of  State, 


144:  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


MONEOE  DOCTEINE. 

EXTEAOT  FEOM  PRESIDENT    ISIONBOE's    AN^TTAL    MESSAGE,    WASH- 
INGTON,   DEO.    2,    1823. 

The  citizens  of  the  United  States  cherish  senti- 
ments the  most  friendly  in  favor  of  the  liberty  and 
happiness  of  their  fellow-men  on  that  side  of  the 
Atlantic.  In  the  wars  of  the  European  powers,  in 
matters  relating  to  themselves,  we  have  never  taken 
any  part,  nor  does  it  comport  with  our  policy  so  to 
do.  It  is  only  when  our  rights  are  invaded,  or  seri- 
ously menaced,  that  we  resent  injuries  or  make  prep 
arations  for  our  defence.  With  the  movements  in 
this  hemisphere,  we  are,  of  necessity,  more  immedi- 
atelv  connected,  and  bv  causes  which  must  be 
obvious  to  all  enlightened  and  impartial  observers. 
The  political  system  of  the  allied  powers  is  essen- 
tially diflerent,  in  this  respect,  from  that  of  America. 
This  difference  proceeds  from  that  which  exists  in 
their  respective  Governments.  And  to  the  defence 
of  our  own,  which  has  been  achieved  by  the  loss  of 
BO  much  blocd  and  treasure,  and  matured  by  the 
wisdom  of  their  most  enlightened  citizens,  and  under 


MONEOE  DOCTEINE.  145 

wMcli  we  have,  enjoyed  unexampled  felicity,  this 
whole  nation  is  devoted. 

We  owe  it,  therefore,  to  candor  and  to  the  amic- 
able relations  existing  between  the  United  States  and 
those  powers,  to  declare,  that  we  should  consider 
any  attempt  on  their  part  to  extend  their  system  to 
any  portion  of  this  hemisphere,  as  dangerous  to  our 
peace  and  safety. 

With  the  existing  colonies  or  dependencies  of  any 
European  power,  we  have  not  interfered,  and  shall 
not  interfere.  But,  with  the  Governments  who 
have  declared  their  independence,  and  maintained 
it,  and  whose  independence  we  have,  on  great  con- 
sideration, and  on  just  principles,  acknowledged,  we 
could  not  view  any  interposition  for  the  purpose  of 
oppressing  them,  or  controlling,  in  any  other  man- 
ner, their  destiny,  by  any  European  power,  in  any 
other  light  than  as  the  manifestation  of  an  un- 
friendly disposition  towards  the  United  States. 

In  the  war  between  those  new  Governments  and 
Spain,  we  declared  our  neutrality  at  the  time  of 
their  recognition,  and  to  this  we  have  adhered,  and 
shall  continue  to  adhere,  provided  no  change  shall 
occur,  which,  in  the  judgment  of  the  competent  au- 
thorities of  this  Government,  shall  make  a  corres- 
ponding change  on  the  part  of  the  United  States, 
indispensable  to  their  security. 


146  NATIONAL  hand-boob:. 


THE  DEED  SCOTT  DEOISIOlf. 

DEED  SOOTT,  PLAINTTBT  IN  EEEOE,  VS.  JOHN  F.  A.  8ANDF0BD. 

This  case  was  brought  up  by  writ  of  error,  from 
the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  district 
of  Missouri. 

It  was  an  action  of  trespass  vi  et  armis  instituted 
in  the  Circuit  Court  by  Scott  against  Sanford. 

Prior  to  the  institution  of  the  present  suit,  an 
action  was  brought  by  Scott  for  his  freedom  in  the 
Circuit  Court  of  St.  Louis  county,  (State  court,) 
where  there  was  a  verdict  and  judgment  in  his  favor. 
On  a  writ  of  error  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  the  judgment  below  was  reversed,  and  the 
case  remanded  to  the  Circuit  Court,  where  it  was 
continued  to  await  the  decision  of  the  case  now  in 
question. 

The  declaration  of  Scott  contained  three  counts : 
one,  that  Sandford  had  assaulted  the  plaintiff;  one, 


THE   DEED    SCOTT   DECISION.  147 

that  he  had  assaulted  Harriet  Scott,  his  wife ;  and 
one,  that  he  had  assaulted  Eliza  Scott  and  Lizzie 
Scott,  his  children. 

Sandford  appeared,  and  filed  the  following  plea  : 


Deed  Scott,  1 

vs.  >  Plea  to  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Court. 

John  F.  A.  Sandfoed.  S 


Apeil  Teem,  1854. 

And  the  said  John  F.  A.  Sandford,  in  his  own 
proper  person,  comes  and  says  that  this  court  ought 
not  to  have  or  take  further  cognizance  of  the  action 
aforesaid,  because  he  sajs  that  said  cause  of  action, 
and  each  and  every  of  them,  (if  any  such  have  ac- 
crued to  the  said  Dred  Scott,)  accrued  to  the  said 
Dred  Scott  out  of  the  jurisdiction  of  this  court,  and 
exclusively  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  courts  of 
the  State  of  Missom-i,  for  that,  to  wit :  the  said  plain- 
tifi*,  Dred  Scott,  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri, as  alleged  in  his  declaration,  because  he  is  a 
negro  of  African  descent ;  his  ancestors  were  of  pure 
African  blood,  and  were  brought  into  this  country 
and  sold  as  negro  slaves,  and  this  the  said  Sandford 
is  ready  to  verify.  "Wherefore  he  prays  judgment 
whether  this  court  can  or  will  take  further  cogni- 
zance of  the  action  aforesaid. 

John  F.  A.  Saistdfokd.    - 


14:8  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

To  this  plea  there  was  a  demurrer  in  the  usual 
form,  which  was  argued  in  April,  1854,  when  the 
court  gave  judgment  that  the  demurrer  should  be 
sustained. 

In  May,  1854,  the  defendant,  in  pursuance  of  an^ 
agreement  between  counsel,  and  with  the  leave  of 
the  court,  pleaded  in  bar  of  the  action : 

1.  'Not  guilty. 

2.  That  the  plaintiff  was  a  negro  slave,  the  law- 
ful property  of  the  defendant,  and,  as  such,  the  de- 
fendant gently  laid  his  hands  upon  him,  and  thereby 
had  only  restrained  him,  as  the  defendant  had  a  right 
to  do. 

3.  That  with  respect  to  the  wife  and  daughters 
of  the  plaintiff,  in  the  second  and  third  counts  of  the 
declaration  mentioned,  the  defendant  had,  as  to  them, 
only  acted  in  the  same  manner,  and  in  virtue  of  the 
same  legal  right. 

In  the  first  of  these  pleas,  the  plaintiff  joined 
issue  ;  and  to  the  second  and  third  filed  replications 
alleging  that  the  defendant,  of  his  own  wrong  and 
without  the  cause  in  his  second  and  third  pleas 
alleged,  committed  the  trespasses,  etc. 

The  counsel  then  filed  the  following  agreed  state- 
ment of  facts,  viz.: 

In  the  year  1834,  the  plaintiff  was  a  negro  slave 
belonging  to  Dr.  Emerson,  who  was  a  surgeon  in  the 


THE   DEED    SCOTT   DECISION.  149 

army  of  the  United  States.  In  that  year,  1834,  said 
Dr.  Emerson  took  the  plaintiff  from  the  State  of 
Missouri  to  the  military  post  at  Rock  Island  in  the 
State  of  Illinois,  and  held  him  there  as  a  slave  nntil 
the  month  of  April  or  May,  1836.  At  the  time  last 
mentioned,  said  Dr.  Emerson  removed  the  plantiff 
from  said  military  post  at  Kock  Island  to  the  mili- 
tary post  at  Fort  Snelling,  situate  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  in  the  Territory  known  as 
Upper  Louisiana,  acquired  by  the  United  States  of 
France,  and  situate  north  of  the  latitude  of  thirty-six 
degrees  thirty  minutes  north,  and  north  of  the  State 
of  Missouri.  Said  Dr.  Emerson  held  the  plaintiff  in 
slavery  at  said  Fort  Snelling,  from  said  last-men- 
tioned date  until  the  year  1838. 

In  the  year  1835,  Harriet,  who  is  named  in  the 
second  count  of  the  plaintiff's  declaration,  was  the 
negro  slave  of  Major  Taliaferro,  who  belonged  to  the 
army  of  the  United  States.  In  that  year,  1835,  said 
Major  Taliaferro  took  said  Harriet  to  said  Fort 
Snelling,  a  military  post,  situated  as  hereinbefore 
stated,  and  kept  her  there  as  a  slave  until  the 
year  1836,  and  then  sold  and  delivered  her  as  a 
slave  at  said  Fort  Snelling  unto  the  said  Dr.  Em- 
erson hereinbefore  named.  Said  Dr.  Emerson  held 
said  Harriet  in  slavery  at  said  Fort  Snelling  until 
the  year  1838. 


160  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

In  the  year  1836,  the  plaintiff  and  said  Harriet, 
at  said  Fort  Snelling,  with  the  consent  of  said  Dr. 
Emerson,  who  then  claimed  to  be  their  master  and 
owner,  intermarried,  and  took  each  other  for  hus- 
band and  wife.  Eliza  and  Lizzie,  named  in  the  third 
count  of  the  plaintiff's  declaration,  are  the  fruit  of 
that  marriage.  Eliza  is  about  fourteen  years  old, 
and  was  born  on  board  the  steamboat  Gipsey,  north 
of  the  north  line  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  upon 
the  river  Mississippi.  Lizzie  is  about  seven  years  old, 
and  was  born  in  the  State  of  Missouri,  at  the  mili- 
tary post  called  Jefferson  Barracks. 

In  the  year  1838,  said  Dr.  Emerson  removed  the 
plaintiff  and  said  Harriet  and  their  said  daughter 
Eliza,  from  said  Fort  Snelling  to  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri, where  they  have  ever  since  resided. 

Eefore  the  commencement  of  this  suit,  said  Dr. 
Emerson  sold  and  conveyed  the  plaintiff,  said  Har- 
riet, Eliza,  and  Lizzie,  to  the  defendant,  as  slaves, 
and  the  defendant  has  ever  since  claimed  to  hold 
them  and  each  of  them  as  slaves. 

At  the  times  mentioned  in  the  plaintiff's  declara- 
tion, the  defendant  claiming  to  be  owner  as  aforesaid, 
laid  his  hands  upon  said  plaintiff,  Harriet,  Eliza,  and 
Lizzie,  and  imprisoned  them,  doing  in  this  respect, 
however,  no  more  than  what  he  might  lawfully  do  if 
they  were  of  right  his  slaves  at  such  times. 


THE  DEED   SCOTT  DECISION.  151 

Further  proof  may  be  given  on  tlie  trial  for  either 
party. 

It  is  agreed  that  Dred  Scott  brought  suit  for  his 
freedom  in  the  Circuit  Court  of  St.  Louis  county ; 
that  there  was  a  verdict  and  judgment  in  his  favor ; 
that  on  a  writ  of  error  to  the  Supreme  Court,  the 
judgment  below  was  reversed,  and  the  same  re- 
manded to  the  Circuit  Court,  where  it  has  been  con- 
tinued to  await  the  decision  of  this  case. 

In  May,  1854,  the  canse  went  before  a  jnry,  who 
found  the  following  verdict,  viz.:  "As  to  the  first 
issue  joined  in  this  case,  we  of  the  jury  find  the  de- 
fendant not  guilty ;  and  as  to  the  issue  secondly  above 
joined,  we  of  the  jury  find  that  before  and  at  the 
time  when,  &c.,  in  the  first  count  mentioned,  the  said 
Dred  Scott  was  a  negro  slave,  the  lawful  property 
of  the  defendant :  and  as  to  the  issue  thirdlv  above 
joined,  we,  the  jury,  find  that  before  and  at  the  time 
when,  &c.,  in  the  second  and  third  counts  mentioned, 
the  said  Harriet,  wife  of  said  Dred  Scott,  and  Eliza 
and  Lizzie,  the  daughters  of  the  said  Dred  Scott,  were 
negro  slaves,  the  lawful  property  of  the  defendant." 

Whereupon  the  court  gave  judgment  for  the  de- 
fendant. 

After  an  ineffectual  motion  for  a  new  trial,  the 
plaintiff  filed  the  following  bill  of  exceptions. 

On  the  trial  of  this  cause  by  the  jury,  the  plain- 


152  NATIONAL    IIAND-COOK. 

tiff,  to  maintain  the  issnes  on  his  part,  read  to  the 
jury  the  following  agreed  statment  of  facts,  (see 
agreement  above.)  l^o  farther  testimony  was  given 
to  the  jury  by  either  party.  Thereupon  the  plaintiff 
moved  the  court  to  give  to  the  jury  the  following 
instruction,  viz.: 

"  That  upon  the  facts  agreed  to  by  the  parties, 
they  ought  to  find  for  the  plaintiff.  The  court  re- 
fused to  give  such  instruction  to  the  jury,  and  the 
plaintiff,  to  such  refusal,  then  and  there  duly  ex- 
cepted." 

The  court  then  gave  the  following  instruction  to 
the  jury,  on  motion  of  the  defendant : 

"  The  jury  are  instructed,  that  upon  the  facts  in 
this  case,  the  law  is  with  the  defendant."  The 
plaintiff'  excepted  to  this  instruction. 

Upon  these  exceptions,  the  case  came  up  to  this 
court. 

It  was  argued  at  December  term,  1855,  and  or- 
dered to  be  reargued  at  the  present  term. 

The  opinion  of  the  court,  as  delivered  by  Chief 
Justice  Taney,  being  so  lengthy,  we  omit  all  but  the 
summing  up,  to  wit : 

Upon  the  whole,  therefore,  it  is  the  judgment  of 
this  court,  that  it  appears  by  the  record  before  us, 
that  the  plaintiff  in  error  is  not  a  citizen  of  Missouri, 
in  the  sense  in  which  that  word  is  used  in  the  Con- 


THE  DEED   SCOTT  DECISION. 


153 


stitutlon ;  and  that  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United 
States,  for  that  reason,  had  no  jurisdiction  in  the 
case,  and  could  give  no  judgment  in  it.  Its  judg- 
ment for  the  defendant  must,  consequently,  bo 
leversed,  and  a  mandate  issued,  directing  the  suit  to 
be  dismissed  for  want  of  jurisdiction. 


154  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PRESIDENTS  AND  VIOE-PEESIDENTS  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES. 

WITH  THE  VOTE  FOR   EACH   CANDIDATE  FOE   OFFICE. 


BEFOKE    THE    REVOLUTION. 

FiEST  CoNGEESs,  Sept.  5,  1774.  Peyton  Ran- 
dolph, of  Yirginia,  President.  Born  in  Virginia,  in 
1723,  died  at  Philadelphia,  Oct.  22,  1785.  Charles 
Thomson,  of  Pennsylvania,  Secretary.'  Born  in 
Ireland,  1730,  died  in  Pennsylvania,  Aug.  16,  1824. 

Second  Congress,  May  10,  1775.  Peyton 
Randolph,  President.     Resigned  May  24,  1775. 

John  Hancock,  of  Massachusetts,  elected  his 
successor.  He  was  born  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  1737, 
died  Oct.  8, 1793.  He  was  President  of  Congress 
until  October,  1777. 

Henry  Laurens,  of  South  Carolina,  President 
from  ]^ov.  1,  1777,  to  Dec.  1778.  He  was  born  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  1724,  died  in  South  Carolina, 
Dec,  1792. 

John  Jay,  of  New  York,  President  from  Dec.  10, 


PRESIDENTS    AUB   VICE-PKESIDENTS. 


1^  V 
00 


1778,  to  Sept.  27,  1779.  He  was  born  in  K"ew  York 
City,  Dec.  12,  1745,  died  at  E'ew  York,  May  17, 
1829. 

Samuel  Huntingdon,  of  Connecticut,  President 
from  Sept.  28,  1779,  until  July  10,  1781.  He  was 
born  in  Connecticut,  in  1732,  died  1796. 

Tlios,  McKean,  of  Pennsylvania,  President  from 
July  1781,  until  ISTov.  5,  1781,  He  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  March  19,  1734,  died  at  Philadelphia, 
June  24,  1817. 

John  Hanson,  of  Marj^land,  President  from  JSTov. 
5,  1781,  to  IsoY.  4,  1782." 

Elias  Boudinot,  of  New  Jersey,  President  from 
jSTov.  4,  1782,  until  Feb.  4,  1783.  He  was  born  at 
Philadelphia,  May  2,  1740,  died  1824. 

Thomas  MifHin,  of  Pennsylvania,  President  from 
■Feb.  4,  1783,  to  iN'ov.  30,  1784.  Born  at  Philadel- 
phia, 1744.  died  in  the  same  city,  Jan.  21,  1800. 

Kichard  Henry  Lee,  of  Yircvinia,  President  from 
Kov,  30,  I7S4,  to  ]N"ov.  23,  1785.  He  was  born  in 
Yirginia,  1 732,  died  1794. 

John  Hancock,  of  Massachusetts,  President  from 
I^ov.  23,  1785,  to  June  G,  1786. 

l^athaniel  Gorham,  of  Massachusetts,  President 
from  June  6, 178G,  to  Feb,  2. 1787.  He  was  born  at 
Ciiarlestown,  Mass.,  1738,  died  June  11,  1796. 

Arthur  St.  Clair,  of  Pennsylvania,  President 
from  Feb.  2,  1787,  to  Jan.  28,  I';  88.  He  was  bora 
in  Edinbnrg-h,  Scotland, ,  died  in  1818. 

Cyrus  Grifhn,  of  Yirginia,  President  from  Jan. 
28,  1788,  to   the   end   of   the  Con;jress  under  the 


156  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

Confederation,   March   3,   1789.     He   was  born  in 

England,  1748,  died  in  Virginia,  1810. 

UNDER    THE    CONSTITUTION. 

1789  to  1793. — George  Washington,  of  Virginia, 
inaugurated  as  President  of  the  United  States,  April 
30,  1789.  He  was  born  upon  Wakefield  estate, 
Virginia,  Feb.  22,  (11th  old  style,)  1732,  died  at 
Mount  Vernon,  Dec.  14,  1799. 

John  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  Vice-President. 
Born  at  Braintree,  Mass.,  Oct.  19,  1735,  died  July  4, 
il826,  near  Quincy,  Mass. 

Electoral  vote. — Geo.  Washington,  69  ;  John 
Adams,  34 ;  John  Jay,  l!^ew  York,  9  ;  R.  H.  Har- 
rison, Maryland,  6  ;  John  Rutledge,  South  Carolina, 
6  ;  John  Hancock,  Massachusetts,  4  ;  Geo.  Clinton, 
New  York,  3  ;  Sani'l  Huntingdon,  Connecticut,  2 ; 
•John  Milton,  Georgia,  2 ;  James  Armstrong, 
Georgia,  1 ;  Edward  Telfair,  Georgia,  1 ;  Benj. 
Lincoln,  Massachusetts,  1 — Total,  69.  Ten  States 
voted,— Rhode  Island,  IS'ew  York,  and  ISTorth  Caro- 
lina not  voting,  not  having  ratified  the  Constitution 
in  time. 

1793  to  1797. — George  Washington,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1793. 

John  Adams,  Vice-President. 

Electoral  vote. — Geo.  Washington,  132 ;  John 
Adams,  77  ;  Geo.  Clinton,  50  ;  Thos.  Jefiferson,  Vir- 
gia,  4;  Aaron  Burr,  'New  York,  1. — Total,  132. 
Eifteen  States  voted. 


PEESIDENT8   AND  VICE-PKESIDENTS.  157 

1797  to  1801. — John,  Adams  President,  inaugii- 
lated  March  4,  1797. 

Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Yirginia,  Yiee-President. 
Born  at  Shadwell,  Yirginia,  April  13,  1743,  died  at 
Monticello,  Yirginia,  July  4,  1826. 

Electoral  vote. — John  Adams,  71 ;  Thomas 
Jefferson,  68 ;  Thomas  Pinckney,  Sonth  Carolina, 
69  ;  Aaron  Burr,  30  ;  Sam'l  Adams,  Massachusetts, 
15 ;  Oliver  Ellsworth,  Connecticut,  11 ;  Geo.  Clin- 
ton, 7;  John  Jay,  5  ;  James  Iredell,  N^orth  Carolina, 
3  ;  George  Washington,  2  ;  John  Henry,  Maryland, 
2 ;  S.  Johnson,  JSTorth  Carolina,  2 ;  Charles  C. 
Pinckney,  South  Carolina,  1. — Total  138.  Sixteen 
States  voting. 

1801  to  1805. — Thomas  Jefferson,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1801. 

Aaron  Burr,  of  'Ne'w  York  Yice-President.  Born 
at  Il^ewark,  K  J.,  Feb.  6,  1756,  died  at  Staten 
Island,  K  Y.,  Sept.  14,  1836. 

Electoral  vote. — Thos.  Jefferson,  73 ;  Aaron 
Burr,  73 ;  John  Adams,  65  ;  Chas.  C.  Pinckney,  64 ; 
John  Jay  1. — Total,  13.     Sixteen  States  voting. 

There  was  no  choice  by  the  Electoral  colleges,  and 
the  election  was  carried  into  the  House  of  Pepresen- 
tatives,  and  upon  the  36th  ballot,  ten  States  voted  for 
Jefferson,  four  States  for  Aaron  Burr,  and  two  States 
in  blank.  Jefferson  was  declared  to  be  elected 
President,  and  Burr  Yice-President.  The  Constitu- 
tion was  then  amended,  so  that  the  Yice-President 
was  voted  for  separately,  instead  of  being  the  second 
on  the  vote  for  President. 


158  NATIONAL    nAND-BOOK. 

1805  to  1809. — Thomas  Jefferson,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1805. 

George  Clinton,  of  Isew  York,  Yice-President. 
He  was  born  in  Ulster  county,  ]^.  Y.,  1739,  died  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  April  20,  1812. 

Electokal  vote. — For  President,  Thos.  Jefferson 
162  ;  Chas.  Cotesworth  Pincknej,  14.— Total,  I7G. 
Seven  States   voting.     For  Yice-President,    George 
Clinton,  162 ;  Kufus  King,  'New  York,  14. 

1809  to  1813. — James  Madison,  of  Yirginia, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1809.  He  was 
born  March  16,  1751,  in  Prince  George  county,  Ya., 
and  died  at  Montpelier,  Ya.,  June  28,  1836. 

George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Yice-President, 
until  his  death,  April  20,  1812. 

Electoeal  vote. — For  President,  James  Madi- 
son, 122  ;  Geo.  Clinton,  6  ;  C.  C.  Pinckney,  47. — 
Total,  175.  Seventeen  States  voting.  For  Yice- 
President,  George  Clinton,  113  ;  James  Madison,  3  ; 
James  Monroe,  Yirginia,  3  ;  John  Langdon,  New 
Hampshire,  9  ;  Pufus  King,  New  York,  47. 

1813  to  1817. — James  Madison,  of  Yirginia,  Presi- 
dent, inaugurated  March  4,  1813. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  of  Massachusetts,  Yice-President, 
until  his  death,  Nov.  23,  1814,  He  was  bom  at 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  July  17,  1744,  and  died  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Electoeal  vote. — For  President,  James  Madi- 
son, 128  ;  De  Witt  Clinton,  New  York,  89.— Total, 
217.  Eighteen  States  voting.  For  Yice-President, 
Elbridge  Gerry,  131 ;  Jared  Ingersoll,  Pa.,  86. 


PEESIDENTS   AND   VICE-PEESIDENTS.  159 

1817  to  1821. — James  Monroe,  of  Virginia,  Presi- 
dent, inaugurated  March  4,  1817.  He  was  born  in 
"Westmoreland  county,  Ya.,  1759,  and  died  in  New 
York,  July  4,  1831.  " 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  of  !N^ew  York,  Yice-Presi- 
dent.  Born  June  21,  1774,  at  Fox  Meadows,  ^N".  Y., 
and  died  at  Staten  Island,  June  11,  1825. 

Electoral  vote. — For  President,  James  Monroe, 
183 ;  Eufus  King,  34.— Total,  221.  :N"ineteen  States 
voting.  For  Yice-President,  Daniel  D.  Tompkins, 
183;  Jolm  Eager  Howard,  Maryland,  22;  James 
Ross,  Pennsylvania,  5  ;  John  Marshall,  Virginia,  4 ; 
Hobt.  Goodloe  Harper,  Maryland,  3. 

1821  to  1825. — James  Monroe,  President,  inaugu- 
rated March  4,  1821. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  Vice-President. 

Electoral  vote. — For  President,  James  Monroe, 
231 ;  John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts,  1. — Total, 
232.  Twenty-four  States  voting.  For  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  218  ;  Richard  Stockton, 
New  Jersey,  8 ;  Robert  G.  Harper,  1 ;  Richard 
Rush,  Pennsylvania,  1 ;  Daniel  Rodney,  Delaware,  1. 

1825  to  1829. — John  Quincy  Adams,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, President,  inaugurated  March  4, 1825.  He 
was  born  at  Quincy,  Massachusetts,  July  11,  1767, 
and  died  at  Washington  City,  Feb.  23,  1848. 

John  Caldwell  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  Vice- 
President.  Born  in  Abbeville  district,  S.  C,  March 
18,  1782,  and  died  March  31,  1850,  in  Washington 
City. 

Popular  vote. — For    President,   John    Quincy 


160  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

Adams,  105,321 ;  Andrew  Jackson,  Tennessee, 
152,899;  Wm.  H.  Crawford,  Georgia,  47,265; 
Henrj  Clay,  Kentucky,  47,087. 

Electoeal  vote. — For  President  Andrew  Jack- 
con,  99  ;  John  Quincy  Adams,  84  ;  Wm.  H.  Craw- 
ford, 41 ;  Henry  Clay,  37.— Total,  261.  Twenty- 
four  States  voting. 

There  being  no  choice  by  the  Electoral  colleges, 
the  vote  was  taken  into  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives. Adams  received  the  votes  of  thirteen  States, 
Jackson  seven,  and  Crawford  four.  John  Quincy 
Adams  was  therefore  declared  elected  President. 

For  Yice-President,  the  Electoral  vote  was  John 
C.  Calhoun,  South  Carolina,  182 ;  ISTathan  San- 
ford,  I^ew  York,  30  ;  !N"athaniel  Macon,  Georgia, 
24 ;  Andrew  Jackson,  Tennessee,  13 ;  Martin  Yan 
Buren,  E'ew  York,  9  ;  Henry  Clay,  Kentucky,  2. 

1829  to  1833. — Andrew  Jackson,  of  Tennessee, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1829.  He  was 
born  in  Mecklenburg  county,  IS".  C,  March  15,  1767, 
and  died  at  the  Hermitage,  Tenn.,  June  8,  1845. 

John  Caldwell  Calhoun,  Yice-President,  until  his 
resignation,  Dec.  28,  1832. 

PopuLAE  VOTE. —  For  President,  Andrew  Jackson, 
650,028  ;  John  Quincy  Adams,  512,158. 

Electoeal  vote. — For  President,  Andrew  Jack- 
son, 178  ;  J.  Q.  Adams,  83.— Total,  261.  Twenty- 
four  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  John  C.  Calhoun,  171 ; 
Eichard  Rush,  Pennsylvania,  83 ;  Wm.  Smith, 
South  Carolina,  7. 


PRESIDEiJ^TS    AND   VICE-PRESIDENTS.  161 

1833  to  1837.—  Andrew  Jackson,  President, 
inangurated  March  4,  1833. 

Martin  Van  Bnren,  of  New  York,  Vice-Presi- 
dent. He  was  born  at  Kinderhook,  ]S^.  Y.,  Dec.  5. 
1782. 

PopuLAE  VOTE. — Fop  President,  Andrew  Jackson, 
687,502  ;  Henry  Clay,  550,189  ;  Opposition,  (John 
Floyd,  Virginia,  and' Wm.  Wirt,  Maryland,)  33,108. 

Electokal  vote. — For  President,  Andrew  Jack- 
son, 219  ;  Henry  Clay,  49 ;  John  Floyd,  11 ;  Wm. 
Wirt,  7.— Total  288.     Twenty-four  States  voting. 

For  Vice-President,  Martin  Van  Buren,  189 ; 
John  Sergeant,  Pennsylvania,  49  ;  William  Wilkins, 
Pennsylvania,  30 ;  Henry  Lee,  Massachusetts,  11 ; 
Amos  Ellmaker,  Pennsjdvania,  7. 

1837  to  1841. — Martin  Van  Buren,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1837. 

Richard  M.  Johnson,  of  Kentucky,  Vice-Presi- 
dent.   He  was  born  in  1780,  and  died  JS'ov.  19,  1850. 

PopuLAii  VOTE. — For  President,  Martin  Van 
Buren,  762,149 ;  Opposition,  (Wm.  H.  Harrison, 
Hugh  L.  White,  Daniel  Webster,  W.  P.  Mangum,) 
736,736. 

Electoral  vote. — For  President,  Martin  Van 
Buren,  170  ;  Wm.  H.  Harrison,  Ohio,  73  ;  Hugh  L. 
White,  Tennessee,  26 ;  Daniel  Webster,  Massachu- 
setts, 14;  W.  P.  Mangum,  11. — Total,  294.  Twenty- 
six  States  voting. 

For  Vice-President,  Pichard  M.  Johnson,  Ken- 
tucky, 147  ;  Francis  Granger,  ISTew  York,  77 ;  John 
Tyler,  Virginia,  47 ;  Wm.  Smith,  Alabama,  23. 


162  NATIONAL    ITAND-BOOK, 

1841  to  18i5 — Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  of  Ohio, 
President,  nntil  his  death,  at  Washington,  April  4, 
1841.  He  was  inaugurated  March  4,  1841.  He 
was  born  in  Berkeley  county,  Ya.,  Feb.  9,  1773. 

Joim  Tyler,  of  Virginia,  Yice-President.  He 
WHS  born  April,  1790,  at  Greenway,  Charlies  City, 
county,  Ya. 

John  Tyler,  of  Yirginia,  became  President  by  the 
death  of  W.  H,  Harrison.  He  took  the  oath  of 
ofiice  April  6,  1841. 

Popular  vote — !N'ov.  1840. — For  President,  Wm. 
Henry  Harrison,  1,274,783;  Martin  Yan  Buren, 
1,128,702 ;  James  G.  Birney,  ISTew  York,  (Abolition,) 
7,609. 

Electoral  vote. — For  President,  W.  H.  Hari^i- 
son,  234 ;  M.  Yan  Buren,  60.— Total,  294.  Twenty- 
six  States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  John  Tyler,  234;  Eichard 
M.  Johnson,  48  ;  L.  W.  Tazewell,  South  Carolina, 
11 ;  James  K.  Polk,  Tennessee,  1. 

1845  to  1849. — James  Knox  Polk,  of  Tennessee, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1845.  He  was 
born  in  Mecklenburg  county,  ISTorth  Carolina,  'Nov. 
2,  1795,  and  died  at  JSTashville,  Tennessee,  June  15, 
1849. 

George  Mifflin  Dallas,  of  Pennsylvania,  Yic^- 
President.     Born  in  Philadelphia,  July  10,  1792. 

Popular  vote. — For  President,  James  K.  Polk, 
1,335,834;  Henry  Clay,  1,297,033;  James  G. 
Birney,  02,290. 

Electoral  vote. — For  President,  James  K.  Polk, 


PEESIDENTS    AITD  VICE-PEESIDENTS.  163 


lYO;  Henry  Clay,  105.— Total,  275.  Twenty-six 
States  voting. 

For  Yice-President,  George  M.  Dallas,  170 ; 
Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  of  IS^ew  Jersey,  105. 

1849  to  1853. — Zachary  Taylor,  of  Louisiana, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1849.  Born  in 
Virginia,  1784,  died  in  Washington  City,  July  9, 


Millard  Fillmore,  of  ISTew  York,  Yice-President. 
Born  in  Locke  township,  Cayuga  county,  Is^.  Y., 
Jan.  7,  1800. 

Millard  Fillmore,  President,  after  the  death  of 
Zachary  Taylor,  July  9,  1850.  He  took  the  oath  of 
office,  July  10,  1850. 

Popular  vote, — For  President,  Zachary  Taylor, 
1,362,031;  Lewis  Cass,  of  Michigan,  1,222,445; 
Martin  Yan  Buren,  (Free-Soil,)  291,455. 

Electokal  vote. — For  President,  Zachary  Taylor, 
163 ;  Lewis  Cass,  127.— Total,  290.  Thirty  States 
voting. 

For  Yice-President,  Millard  Fillmore,  163  ;  Wil- 
liam O.  Butler,  Kentucky,  127. 

1853  to  1857.— Franklin  Pierce,  of  'New  Hamp- 
shire, President,  inaugurated  March  5,  1853.  He 
was  born  at  Hillsboro,  ]S[.  H.,  Nov.  23,  1804. 
#  William  E-.  Kinff,  of  Alabama,  Yice-President. 
He  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  April  7,  1786,  died 
at  Cahawba,  Ala.,  April  18,  1853. 

Popular  vote. — For  President,  Franklin  Pierce, 
1,590,490;  Winfield  Scott,  1,378,589;  John  P. 
Hale,  New  Hampshire,  (Abolition,)  157,296. 


164  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

Electoral  vote.' — For  President,  Franklin 
Pierce,  254;  Winfield  Scott  of  'New  Jersey,  42. — 
Total,  296.     Tliirtj-one  States  voting. 

For  Vice  President,  Wm.  E.  King,  254 ;  Wm.  A. 
Graham,  ISTorth  Carolina,  42. 

1857  to  1861. — James  Buchanan,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, President.  He  was  born  at  Stony  Batter, 
Franklin  county,  Peun.,  April  22,  1791. 

John  C.  Breckenridge,  of  Kentucky,  Yice-Presi- 
dent.  Born  near  Lexington,  Kentucky,  Jan.  21, 
1820. 

Popijlae  vote. — For  President,  James  Buchanan, 
(Democratic.)  1,832,232;  John  C.  Fremont,  Cali- 
fornia, (Republican,)  1,341,514;  Millard  Fillmore, 
New  York,  (American,)  874,707. 

Electoral  vote. — For  President,  James  Bu- 
chanan, 174 ;  John  C.  Fremont,  109 ;  Millard  Fill- 
more, 8. — Total,  291.     Thirty-one  States  voting. 

For  Vice-President,  John  Breckenridge,  174; 
Wm.  L.  Dayton,  New  Jersey,  109  ;  A.  J.  Donelson, 
Tennessee,  8.— Total,  291. 

1861  to  1865. — Abraham  Lincoln,  of  EQinois, 
President,  inaugurated  March  4,  1861.  He  was 
born  near  Muldraugh's  Hill,  Hardin  county,  Ky., 
Feb.  1809. 

Hannibal  Hamlin,  of  Maine,  Vice-President. 
'He  was  born  at  Paris,  Oxford  county.  Me.,  Aug.  27, 
1809. 

Popular  vote. — For  President,  Abraham  Lin- 
coln, (Republican,)  1,857,610  ;  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
of  Illinois,  (Democratic,)  1,365,976 ;  John  C.  Breck- 


PEESroENTS   AND   VICE-PRESIDENTS,  165 

enridge,  of  Kentucky,  (Democratic,)  847,953 ;  John 
"Bell,  of  Tennessee,  (Constitutional  Union,)  590,631. 

Electoeal  vote. — For  President,  Abraham  Lin- 
coln, 180 ;  John  C.  Breckenridge,  72 ;  John  Bell, 
39;  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  12.— Total,  291.  Thirty- 
three  States  votino;. 

For  Yice-President,  Hannibal  Hamlin,  Maine, 
180 ;  Joseph  Lane,  Oregon,  72 ;  Edward  Everett, 
Massachusetts,  39 ;  Herschel  V.  Johnson,  Georgia,  12. 

1865  to  1869. — Abraham  Lincoln,  President, 
inaugurated  March  4,  1865. 

Andrew  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  Yice-President. 

Popular  votb. — For  President,  Abraham  Lincoln, 
(l^epul)lican),  3,213,035;  George  B.  McClellan, 
(Democrat,)  1,811,754. 

States  not  Voting  (Civil  War.) — Ala.,  Ark.,  Fla., 
Ga.,  La.,  Miss.,  N.  Ca.,  S.  Ca.,  Temi.,  Texas,  and  Ya. 

Electoeal  Yote. — For  President,  Abraham  Lin- 
coln, 212  ;    George  B.  McClellan,  21. 

For  Yice-President,  Andrew  Johnson,  212. 

Upon  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln, 
April  14,  1865,  Andrew  Johnson,  then  Yice-Presi- 
dent, assumed  the  Presidency,  and  Lafayette  S. 
^Foster,  of  l^orwich.  Conn.,  President  of  the  Senate, 
became  Yice-President. 

1869  to  1873.— Ulysses  S.  Grant,  of  111.,  President. 
Born  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Ohio,  April  27,  1822. 

Schuyler  Colfax,  of  Ind.,  Yice-President.  Born  ia 
New  York  city.  May  22, 1823. 

PopuLAE  VOTE. — Ulysses  S.  Grant,  3,012,833 ; 
Horatio  Seymour,  2,703^249. 

States  not  Yoting — Ya.,  Miss.,  and  Texas. 

Electoeal  vote. — Ulysses  Grant,  214 ;  Horatio 
Seymour,  80. 


106  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 


POPULAE  NAMES  OF  STATES. 


Yirginia,  the  Old  Domimon. 
Massachusetts,  the  Bay  State. 
Maine,  the  Border  State. 
Rhode  Island,  Little  Ehody. 
'New  York,  the  Empire  State. 
IsTew  Hampshire,  the  Granite  State. 
Vermont,  the  Green  Mountain  State. 
Connecticut,  the  Land  of  Steady  Habits. 
Pennsylvania,  the  Keystone  State. 
Korth  Carolina,  the  Old  IS'orth  State. 
Ohio,  the  Buckeye  State. 
South  Carolina,  the  Palmetto  State. 
Michigan,  the  Wolverine  State. 
Kentucky,  the  Corn-Cracker. 
Delaware,  the  Blue  Hen's  Chicken. 
Missouri,  the  Puke  State. 
Indiana,  the  Hoosier  State. 
Illinois,  the  Sucker  State. 
Iowa,  the  Hawkeye  State. 
Wisconsin,  the  Badger  State. 
Florida,  the  Peninsular  State. 
Texas,  the  Lone  Star  State. 
Mississippi,  the  Bayou  State. 
Louisiana,  the  Creole  State. 
Tennessee,  the  Big  Bend  State. 
Arkansas,  the  Bear  State. 
California,  the  Golden  State. 


STATEMENT  OF  THE  PUBLIC  DEBT.       167 


STATEMENT  OF  THE  PUBLIC  DEBT 

op  the  united  states,  for  thirteen  tears,  ending  june 
1st,  1873. 

July  1st,  18C0 $64,709,703 .  08 

"      "    1861 90,867,828.68 

"      "    1863 514.211,371.92 

"      "    1863 1.098.793,181.37 

"      "    1864 1,740,690.489.49 

"      "    1865 2,682.593,020.53 

"      "    1866 2,783.425.789.21 

"      "    1867 2.692,199.215.12 

June"    1868 2,510,245.886.74 

Dec.   "    1869 2,453,559.735.23 

June  "    1870 2.406,562.371.00 

"      "    1871 2,397,740,148.63 

"      "    1873 2,295,833,523.97 


Public  Debt  of  the  Leading  ^Nationalities. 

From  the  followino;  statement  it  will  be  seen  that 
tlie  debt  of  the  United  States  is  less  oppressive  than 
that  of  any  other  country  in  proportion  to  its  terri- 
tory and  population.  Our  average  is  based  on  the 
debt  of  June  1st,  1870,  and  the  estimated  population : 

1866-67.  Sq.  Miles.      Population.  Debt.  Av.  per  hd. 

Austria 236,311  87,931,000  $1,459,858,845  $38.49 

Belgium 11,267  4,984.000  141,584,033  28.40 

France 207,480  38,093.000  2,598.659,600  68.10 

Great  Britain...   112,190  29,935,000  4,014,214,745  134.89 

Holland 13,464  3^636,000  392,595,833  107.97 

Italy 98,154  22,483,000  1,355,081,033  60.27 

Portugal 80,312  4,350,000  188,850,238  45.71 

Prussia 107,185  19.304,000  210,015,330  10.91 

Bpain 190,325  16,287,000  819,637,350  50. 33 

United  States.  .2,819,811  38,000,000  3,453,559,705  64.57 


1G8  NATION  AT.    HAND-BOOK. 


NEUTRALITY  LAW  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AS  AMENDED  AND  APPROVED  BY  OONGEKSS,  JUXY  26,   1866. 

A  Bill  more  effectually  to  preser%^e  the  neutral  rela- 
tions of  the  United  States. 

£e  it  enacted  J  c&c,  That  if  any  citizen  of  the 
United  States  shall,  within  the  territory  or  jurisdic- 
tion thereof,  accept  and  exercise  a  commission  to 
serve  a  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district,  or  peo- 
ple in  war  by  land  or  by  sea  against  any  prince. 
State,  colony,  district  or  people  with  whom  tlie 
United  States  are  at  peace,  the  person  so  ofiending 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall 
on  conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not 
exceeding  $2,000  and  imprisonment  not  exceeding 
two  years,  or  either,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court  in 
which  such  offender  may  be  convicted. 

Sec.  2.  And  le  it  further  enacted,  That  if  any 


NEUTEALITT   LAW.  169 

person  shall,  withiii  the  territory  or  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States  enlist,  or  enter  himself,  or  hire  or 
retain  another  person  to  enlist  or  enter  himself,  or  to 
go  beyond  the  limits  or  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States,  with  intent  to  be  enlisted  or  entered  into  the 
service  of  any  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district 
or  people  as  a  soldier,  or  as  a  marine  or  seaman  on 
board  of  any  vessel-of-war,  letter-of-marque  or  priva- 
teer, every  person  so  offending  shall  be  deemed  gnilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall  upon  conviction  therefor 
be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding  $1,000,  and  im- 
prisonment not  exceeding  two  years,  or  either  of 
them,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court,  in  case  such 
offender  shall  be  convicted;  provided  that  this  act 
shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  subject  or 
citizen  of  any  foreign  prince.  State,  colony,  district 
or  people,  who  shall  transiently  be  within  the  United 
States,  and  shall  be  on  board  of  any  vessel  of  war, 
letter-of-marque  or  privateer,  which,  at  the  time  of 
its  arrival  within  the  United  States,  was  fitted  and 
equipped  as  such,  enlist  or  enter  himself,  and  hire  or 
retain  another  subject  or  citizen  of  the  same  foreign 
prince.  State,  colony,  district  or  people,  who  is  tran- 
siently in  the  United  States,  to  enlist  or  enter  himself, 
to  serve  such  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district  or 
people,  on  board  such  vessel  of  war,  letter-of-marque 
or  privateer,  if  the  United  States  shall  then  be  at 


170  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK.  * 

peace  witli  such  foreign  prince,  State,  colony,  district 
or  people. 

Sec.  3.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  if  any 
person  shall  within  the  ^limits  of  the  United  States  fit 
out  and  arm  or  attempt  to  fit  out  and  arm,  or  pro- 
cure to  be  fitted  out  and  armed,  or  shall  knowingly 
be  concerned  in  the  furnishing,  fitting  out  and  arm- 
ing of  any  ship  or  vessel  with  intent  that  such  ship 
or  vessel  shall  be  employed  in  the  service  of  any  for- 
eign prince.  State,  colony,  district  or  people,  to  cruise 
or  commit  hostilities  against  the  subjects,  citizens  or 
property  of  any  foreign  prince.  State,  or  any  colony, 
district  or  people  with  whom  the  United  States  are 
at  peace,  or  shall  issue  or  deliver  a  commission  within 
the  territory  or  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  for 
any  ship  or  vessel  to  the  intent  that  she  may  be  em- 
ployed  as  aforesaid,  or  shall  have  on  board  any  per- 
son or  persons  who  shall  have  been  enlisted,  or  shall 
have  engaged  to  enlist  or  serve  or  shall  be  departing 
from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  with  intent 
to  enlist  or  serve  in  contravention  of  the  provisions 
of  this  act,  every  person  bo  offending  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall,  upon  conviction 
thereof,  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $3,000, 
and  imprisonment  not  exceeding  three  years,  or 
either  of  them,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court  in 
which  such  offender  shall  be  convicted ;  and  every 


NEUTRALITY   LAW.  171 

such  ship  and  vessel,  with  her  tackle,  apparel  and 
furniture,  together  with  all  materials,  arms^  ammu- 
nition and  stores  which  may  have  been  procured  for 
the  building  and  equipment  thereof,  shall  be  forfeited 
to  the  United  States  of  America. 

Sec.  4.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  any  Collector  of  this  Customs  who  is  by 
law  empowered  to  make  seizures  for  any  forfeiture 
incurred  under  any  of  'the  laws  of  Customs,  to  seize 
such  ships  and  vessels  in  such  places  and  in  such 
manner  in  which  the  officers  of  the  Customs  are  em- 
powered to  make  seizures  under  the  law  for  the  col- 
lection and  protection  of  the  revenue,  and  that  every 
such  ship  and  vessel,  with  the  tackle,  apparel  and 
furture,  together  with  all  the  materials,  arms,  ammu- 
nition and  stores  which  may  belong  to  or  be  on  board' 
such  ship  or  vessel,  may  be  prosecuted  or  condemned 
for  the  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  in  like 
manner  as  ships  or  vessels  may  be  prosecuted  and 
condemned  for  any  breach  of  the  laws  made  for  the 
collection  and  protection  of  the  revenue. 

Sec.  5.  And  he  it  further  enacted.  That  if  any 
person  shall  within  the  territory  or  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States,  increase  or  augment,  or  procure  to  be 
increased  or  augmented,  or  shall  knowingly  be  con- 
cerned in  increasing  or  augmenting  the  force  of  any 
ship  of  war,  or  cruiser,  or  other  armed  vessel,  which 


172  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

at  the  time  of  her  arrival  within  the  United  States 
was  a  ship  of  war,  or  cruiser,  or  armed  vessel  in  the 
service  of  any  foreign  prince.  State,  colony,  district 
or  people,  or  belonged  to  the  subjects  or  citizens  of 
any  such  prince.  State,  colony,  district  or  people,  the 
same  being  at  war  with  any  foreign  prince,  State, 
colony,  district  or  people  with  whom  the  United 
States  are  at  peace,  by  adding  to  the  number  of  guns 
of  such  vessel,  or  by  changing  those  on  board  of  her 
for  guns  of  a  larger  calibre,  or  by  addition  thereto  of 
any  equipment  solely  applicable  to  war,  or  shall 
have  on  board  any  person  or  persons  who  shall  have 
enlisted,  or  engaged  to  enlist  or  serve,  or  who  shall 
be  departing  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States  with  intent  to  enlist  or  serve  in  contravention 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act ;  every  person  so  offend- 
ing shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
shall  upon  conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  fine  or 
imprisonment,  or  either  of  them,  at  the  discretion  of 
the  court  in  which  such  offender  shall  be  convicted. 

Sec.  6.  And  l)e  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Dis- 
trict Courts  shall  take  cognizance  of  all  complaints, 
informations,  indictments,  or  other  prosecutions,  by 
whomsoever  instituted,  in  cases  of  captures  made 
within  the  waters  of  the  United  States  or  within  a 
marine  league  of  the  coasts  or  shores  thereof. 

Sec.  7.  And  he  it  further  enacted^  That  in  every 


NEUTEALITY   LAW.  173 

case  In  which  a  vessel  shall  be  fitted  out  and  armed, 
or  in  whicli  the  force  of  any  vessel  of  war,  cruiser,  or 
other  armed  vessel  shall  be  increased  or  augmented, 
in  every  case  of  the  capture  of  a  ship  or  vessel  within 
the  jurisdiction  or  protection  of  the  United  States,  as 
before  defined,  and  in  every  case  in  which  any  pro- 
cess issuing  out  of  any  court  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  disobeyed  or  resisted  by  any  person  or  per- 
sons having  the  custody  of  any  vessel  of  war,  cruiser 
or  other  armed  vessel  of  any  prince  or  State,  or  of 
any  colony,  district  or  people,  or  of  any  snbjects  or 
citizens  of  any  foreign  prince.  State,  or  of  any  colony, 
district  or  people  in  any  such  case,  it  shall  be  lawful 
for  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or  such  other 
person  as  he  shall  have  empowered  for  that  purpose 
to  employ  such  part  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of 
the  United  States  or  of  the  militia  thereof,  for  the 
purpose  of  taking  of  and  detaining  any  such  ship  or 
vessel  with  her  prize  or  prizes,  if  any,  in  order  to 
the  execution  of  the  prohibition  or  penalties  of  this 
act,  and  to  the  restoring  the  prize  or  prizes  in  the 
cases  in  which  restoration  shall  have  been  adjudged. 
Sec.  8.  And  he  it  fuiher  enacted^  That  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or 
such  person  as  he  shall  empower  for  that  purpose, 
to  employ  such  part  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of 
the  United  States,  or  of  the  militia  thereof,  as  shall 


174:  NATIONAIi   HAND-BOOK. 

be  necessary  to  compel  any  foreign  ship  or  vessel  to 
depart  the  United  States  in  all  cases  in  which,  by 
the  laws  of  nations  or  the  treaties  of  the  United 
States  they  ought  not  to  remain  within  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  9.  And  lye  it  further  enacted^  That  offences 
made  punishable  by  the  provisions  of  this  act,  com- 
mitted by  citizens  of  the  United  States,  beyond  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Uuited  States,  may  be  prosecuted 
and  tried  before  any  court  having  jurisdiction  of  the 
offences  prohibited  by  this  act. 

Sec.  10.  And  le  it  further  enacted,  That  noth- 
ing in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  jjrohibit 
citizens  of  the  United  States  from  selling  vessels, 
ships  or  steamers  built  within  the  limits  thereof,  or 
materials  or  munitions  of  war,  the  growth  or  product 
of  the  same,  to  inhabitants  of  other  countries,  or  to 
Governments  not  at  war  with  the  United  States : 
provided  that  the  operation  of  this  section  of  this  act 
shall  be  suspended  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  with  regard  to  any  classes  of  purchases,  when- 
ever the  United  States  shall  be  engaged  in  war,  or 
whenever  the  maintenance  of  friendly  relations  with 
any  foreign  nation  may  in  his  judgment  require  it. 

Sec.  11.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  noth- 
ing in  the  foregoing  act  shall  be  construed  to  prevent 
the  prosecution  or  punishment  of  treason,  or  any 


NEUTEALITY  LAW.  175 

piracy  or  other  felony  defined  by  the  laws  of  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  12.  Arid  "be  it  further  enacted.  That  all  acts 
and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of 
this  act  or  inflicting  any  further  or  other  penalty  or 
forfeiture  than  are  hereinbefore  provided  for.  The 
acts  forbidden  herein  are  hereby  repealed. 


UNITED  STATES  CENSUS  FOR  1870; 

With  the  Population  of  each  Decade  for  Half  a  Century. 


STATES. 

1870. 

I860. 

1850. 

1840. 

1830. 

1820. 

New  York.. 

4,370,846 

3,880,735 

3,097,394 

2,428,921 

1,918,608 

1,372,111 

Pennsylva.. 

3,511,543 

2,906,215 

2,311,786 

1,724,033 

1,348,233 

1,047,507 

Ohio 

2,652,302 

2,.339,511 

1,980,329 

1,519,467 

937,903 

581.295 

Illinois 

2,529,410 

1,711,951 

851,470 

476,183 

157,445 

55.161 

N»  Missouri.  .. 

1,691,693 

1,182,012 

082,044 

383,702 

140,455 

66,557 

Indiana 

1,655.675 

1,350,428 

988,416 

685,866 

343,031 

147,178 

Massacliiis  . 

1,457,-351 

1,231,066 

994,514 

737,699 

610,408 

523,159 

\y  Kentucky  . . 

1,-320,407 

1,155,684 

982,405 

779,828 

687,917 

564,135 

Tennessee.. 

1,225,937 

1,109,801 

1,002  717 

829,210 

.681,904 

422,761 

Virginia.  .. 

1,211,442 

1,596,318 

1,421,661 

1,239,797 

1,211,405 

1,065,129 

Michigan... 

1,184,653 

749,113 

397,654 

212,267 

31,639 

8,765 

Iowa 

1,181,359 

674,913 

192,214 

43,112 

Georgia 

1,174,8.32 

1,057,286 

906,185 

691,392 

516,823 

340,983 

■Wisconsin  . 

1,055  501 

775.881 

305,391 

30.945 

.      .  .  .  • 

N.  Carolina 

1,016  954 

992,622 

869,039 

753,419 

737,987 

638,829 

Alabama... 

996,175 

964,201 

771,623 

590,756 

309,527 

127,901 

N.  Jersey  . . 

903.044 

672,035 

489,555 

373,306 

320,823 

277,426 

Mississippi 

842,056 

791,305 

6^6,526 

375,651 

136,621 

75,448 

Texas 

795,500 

604,215 

212,592 

V  Maryland  . . 

790,095 

687,049 

583,034 

470,019 

447,040 

407,350 

Louisiana.. 

734,420 

708,002 

517,762 

342,411 

215.739 

152  923 

S.  Carolina. 

705,789 

700,708 

668,507 

594,.398 

581,185 

502,741 

Maine 

628,719 

625,279 

583,169 

501,793 

399,455 

298,269 

California.. 

549,808 

379.994 

92,597 

Connecticut 

537,417 

460,147 

370,792 

309,978 

297,675 

2-5,102 

Arkansas. . . 

473,174 

435,450 

209,897 

!}7,574 

30,388 

14.255 

WestVa.... 

441,094 

Minnesota.. 

424.543 

172,023 

6,077 

"  "  .1 

Kansas 

879,497 

107,206 

> 

f< 

Vermont... 

330,582 

315,098 

314,120 

291,848 

280,652 

235  749 

N.  Hamps'e 

317,710 

326,073 

317,976 

284,574 

269,328 

244,022 

Khode  Isl'd 

217.356 

174.620 

147,545 

108,830 

97,199 

83,015 

I'lorida  — 
'^Delaware. 

189,995 

140,424 

87,445 

54,477 

34,730 . 

\ 

125,015 

112,216 

91,532 

78,085 

76,748 

72,749 

Nebraska  . . 

116,888 

28,841 

Oregon 

90,878 

52,465 

13,294 

Nevada 

43.456 

6,857 

1 

Dis.  Colum. 

131,706 

750,80 

51,687 

43,712 

39,834 

33,039 

Territories. 

288,161 

184,497 

72,927 

Total  Union.  33,533,180    31,443,321    23,191,876    17,069,453    12,860,020    9,0-38,191 

TERRITORIES. 

New  Mexico, 86,122      Washington, 23,925      Dakota, 14,181 

Utah, 70,000      Montana, 20,594      Arizona, 9,658 

Colorado 39,681      Idaho, 14,882      Wyoming, 9,118 


CENSUS  OF  1870. 


Population  of  100  Large  Cities  of  the  United  States. 


OFFICIAL— From  the  Advance  Sheets  of  the  Census  Bureau,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


1    New  York,  N.  T 942,946 

2.  Philadelphia,  Pa 674,022 

3.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 396,300 

4.  St.  Louis,  Mo.  312.963 

5.  Chicago,  111 298,983 

6.  Baltimore,  Md 267,354 

7.  Boston,  Mass 25'»,526 

8.  Cincinnati.  0 216.239 

9.  New  Orleans,  La 191.322 

10.  San  Francisco,  Cal 149.482 

11.  Buffalo,  N.  Y 117,715 

12.  Washington,  D.  C 109,204 

13.  Newark,  N.  J 105.078 

14.  Louisville,  Ky 100,754 

15.  Cleveland,  O 92,846 

16.  Pittsburg,  Pa 86,235 

17.  Jersey  City,  N.  J 81.744 

28.  Detroit,  Mich 79,580 

19.  Milwaukee,  Wis 71,499 

20.  Albany,  N.  Y 69,422 

21.  Providence,  R.I 68,906 

22.  Rochester,  N.  Y 62,385 

23.  Alleghany  City,  Pa 53,181 

24.  Richmond,  Va 51.038 

25.  New  Haven,  Conn 50,840 

26.  Charleston,  S.  C 48,956 

27.  Troy,  N.Y 46,471 

28.  Syracuse,  N.Y 43,051 

29.  Worcester,  Mass 41,105 

30.  Lowell,  Mass 40,928 

31.  Memphis,  Tenn . ; 40,226 

32.  Cambridge,  Mass j  39,634 

33.  Hartford,  Conn 37,180 

34.  Indianapolis,  Ind...   ...  41,600 

35.  Scranton,  Pa 35,093 

36.  Reading,  Pa. ..„, „ .,  33,932 

37.  Columbus,  O. ,...,.-.. .,  33,745 

38.  Patterson,  N."  J ..,.-. 33,582 , 

39.  Dayton,  0.. . . . „... .,  32,579, 

40.  Kansas  City,  Mo...., ..-  .82,260, 

41.  Mobile,'* Ala....... ....^..,.„  32,084 

42.,  Portland,^  Me.. ...........  31,414 

43.  ■  Wilmington;  Del. .-.. ^    30,84lj 

44.  ■  Lawrence,'  Mass.v....,.-.,.  28.921' 

45.  Utica,  N.  Y; .  .T,-.-.-, 28,804 

46.  Toledo.  O. . . ....... .-.-.-»  28.546 

47.  Charlestown,  Mass......  #,8,323 

48.  Savannah,  Ga 23,235 

49.  Lynn,  Mass 28,233 

50.  Fall  River,  Mass 26,786 


51. 
52. 
53. 
54. 
55. 
56. 
57. 
58. 
59. 
60. 
61. 
62. 
63. 
64. 
65. 
66. 
67. 
68. 
69. 
70. 
71. 
72. 
73. 
74. 
75. 
76. 
77. 
78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 
85. 
86. 
87. 
88> 

89: 

90J 
91! 
92.' 
93: 
94.' 
95: 
96. 
97. 
98. 
99. 
100. 


Springfield,  Mass 26,703 

Nashville,  Tenn 25,872 

Peoria,  111 25,787 

Covington,  Ky 24,505 

Salem,  Mass 24,117 

Quincy,Ill 24.053 

Manchester,  N.  H 23,536 

Harrisburg,  Pa 23,109 

Trenton,  N.J 22,874 

Evansville,  Ind 22,830 

New  Bedford,  Mass 21,.320 

Oswego,  N.Y 20,910 

Elizabeth,  N.  J 20.838 

Lancaster,  Pa 20,2.33 

Po'keepsie,  N.  Y 20.080 

Camden,  N.J 20,045 

Davenport,  Iowa 20,042 

St.  Paul,  Minn 20,031 

Wheeling,  W.  Va 19,282 

Norfolk,  Va 19,256 

Taunton,  Mass 18,029 

Chelsea,  Mass 18,547 

Dubuque,  Iowa 18  404 

Bangor.Me 18,289 

Petersburg,  Va 18,266 

Leavenworth,  Kan 17,849 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind 17.718 

Springfield,  111 17,C65 

Newburgh,  N.  Y. 1 7,014 

Atlanta,  Ga., 16.986 

Norwich,  Conn 16,653 

Sacramento,  Cal 16,484 

Omaha,  Neb ,  16.083 

Lockport,  N.Y. 15,458 

Augusta,  Ga. 15,389 

Gloucester,  Mass. .  .■ 15.387 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J. .-,  15,059 

New'Albany,  Ind.- 14,273 

Galveston,  Tex . , . 13,818 

JS'ewburyport,,  Mass.-.,.-.,  13,595 

Alexandria,  Wa.-.....^ ,  13,570 

Wilmington^'  N."  G, . . ......^  13,446 

Bridgeport;  Conn... -..  13.299 

(Newport,  R.  I. ^.^... .,  12,521 

iLittle  Rock,'Ark... 12,380 

Zanesville,  O... 12,379 

Concord,N.  H 12,241 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 12.035 

Waterbury,  Conn J0,826 

Raleigh,  N.C 10,149 


178 


NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


SLAVE  POPULATION  IN  THE  U.   S.   IN  1860. 


States.  ISf.O. 

Alabama ; 435,132 

Arkansas 111,104 

Delaware 1,798 

Florida 61,753 

Georgia 462,230 

Kentucky 225,490 

Louieiana 332,520 

Maryland 87,188 

Mississippi 436,696 

Missouri 114,965 


States.  ISfiO. 

North  Carolina 331,081 

South  Carolina 402,541 

Tennessee 275,784 

Texas 180,388 

Virginia 490,887 

Nebraska  (Tenitory).  10 

Utah                 "  29 

New  Mexico    "  24 

District  of  Columbia.  3,181 

Total 3,952^ 


»  ♦  » 


STATISTICS     OF    SLAVERY    BEFORE    THE 
REVOLUTION.. 

AMBBIOAN   SLAVERY   IN   1715. 


In  the  reign  of  George  I.,  the  ascertained  popula- 
tion of  the  Continental  Colonies  was  as  follows  : 

White  Men.  Negro  Slaves. 

New  Hampshire 9,500  150 

Massachusetts 94,000  '    2,000 

Rhode  Island 7,500  500 

Connecticut 46,000  1,500 

New  York 27,000  4,000 

Pennsylvania 43,300  2,500 

New  Jersey 21,000  1,500 

Maryland 40,700  9,400 

Virginia 72,000  23,000 

North  Carolina 7,500  3,700 

South  Carolina 6,250  10,500 

Total 875,000  58,550 


SPEECH  OF  HON.   STEPHEN  A.   DOUGLAS.  179 


SPEECH  OF  HON.  STEPHEN  A.  DOUGLAS. 

DEirVEKED   AT  CHICAGO,    MAT   IST,    1861. 

Me.  Chairman-  :  I  thank  yon  for  the  kind  terms 
in  which  you  have  been  pleased  to  welcome  me.  I 
thank  the  Committee  and  citizens  of  Chicago  for  this 
grand  and  imposing  reception.  I  beg  you  to  believe 
that  I  will  not  do  you  nor  myself  the  injustice  to 
believe  this  magnificent  ovation  is  personal  homage 
to  myself.  I  rejoice  to  know  that  it  expresses  your 
devotion' to  the  Constitution,  the  Union,  and  the  flag 
of  our  country.     (Cheers.) 

I  will  not  conceal  gratification  at  the  uncontro- 
vertible test  this  vast  audience  presents — that  what 
political  difierences  or  party  questions  may  have 
divided  us,  yet  you  all  had  a  conviction  that  when 
the  country  should  be  in  danger,  my  loyalty  could  be 
relied  on.  That  the  present  danger  is  imminent,  no 
man  can  conceal.  If  war  must  come — if  the  bayonet 
must  be  used  to  maintain  the  Constitution — I  can 


],80  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

say  before  God  my  conscience  is  clean.  I  have 
struggled  long  for  a  peaceful  solution  of  the  difficulty. 
I  have  not .  only  tendered  those  States  what  was 
theirs  of  right,  but  I  have  gone  to  the  very  extreme 
of  magnanimity. 

The  return  we  receive  is  war,  armies  marched 
upon  our  capital,  obstructions  and  dangers  to  our 
navigation,  letters  of  marque  to  invite  pirates  to  prey 
npon  our  commerce,  a  concerted  movement  to  blot 
out  the  United  States  of  America  from  the  map  of 
the  globe.  The  question  is,  Are  we  to  maintain  the 
country  of  our  fathers,  or  allow  it  to  be  stricken 
down  by  those  who,  when  they  can  no  longer  govern, 
threaten  to  destroy  ? 

What  cause,  what  excuse  do  disunionists  give  us 
for  breaking  up  the  best  Government  on  which  the 
sun  of  heaven  ever  shed  its  rays  ?  They  are  dissatis- 
fied with  the  result  of  a  Presidential  election.  Did 
they  never  get  beaten  before  ?  Are  we  to  resort  to 
the  sword  when  we  get  defeated  at  the  ballot  box  ? 
I  understand  it  that  the  voice  of  the  people  expressed 
in  the  mode  appointed  by  the  Constitution  must 
command  the  obedience  of  every  citizen.  They 
assume,  on  the  election  of  a  particular  candidate, 
that  their  rights  are  not  safe  in  the  Union.  "What 
evidence  do  they  present  of  this  ?  I  defy  any  man 
to  show  any  act  on  which  it  is  based.     What  act  has 


SPEECH   OF   HON.    STEPHEN  A.   DOUGLAS.  181 

been  omitted  to  be  done  ?  I  appeal  to  these  assem- 
bled thousands  that  so  far  as  the  constitutional  rights 
of  the  Southern  States,  I  will  say  the  constitutional 
rights  of  slaveholders,  are  concerned,  nothing  has 
been  done,  and  nothing  omitted,  of  which  they  can 
complain. 

There  has  never  been  a  time  from  the  day  that 
Washington  was  inaugurated  first  President  of  these 
United  States,  when  the  rights  of  the  Southern 
States  stood  firmer  under  the  laws  of  the  land  tlian 
they  do  now  ;  there  never  was  a  time  Avhen  they  had 
not  as  good  a  cause  for  disunion  as  they  have  to-day. 
What  good  cause  have  they  now  that  has  not  existed 
under  every  Administration  ? 

If  they  say  the  Territorial  question — now,  for  the 
first  time,  there  is  no  act  of  Congress  prohibiting 
slavery  anywhere.  If  it  be  the  non-enforcement  of 
the  laws,  the  only  complaints  that  I  have  heard  have 
been  of  the  too  vigorous  and  faithful  fulfilment  of 
the  Fugitive  Slave  Law.  Then  what  reason  have 
they  ? 

The  slavery  question  is  a  mere  excuse.  The 
election  of  Lincoln  is  a  mere  pretext.  The  present 
secession  movement  is  the  result  of  an  enormous  con- 
spiracy formed  more  than  a  year  since—  formed  by 
leaders  in  the  Southern  Confederacy  more  than 
twelve  months  ago. 


182  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

They  use  tiie  Slavery  question  as  a  means  to  aid 
the  accomplishment  of  their  ends.  They  desired  the 
election  of  a  N^orthern  candidate,  by  a  sectional  vote, 
in  order  to  show  that  the  two  sections  cannot  live 
together.  When  the  history  of  the  two  years  from 
the  Lecompton  charter  down  to  the  Presidential 
election  shall  be  written,  it  will  be  shown  that  the 
scheme  was  deliberately  made  to  break  up  this 
Union. 

They  desired  a  llTorthern  Republican  to  be  elected 
by  a  purely  ^Northern  vote,  and  then  assign  this  fact 
as  a  reason  why  the  sections  may  not  longer  live 
together.  If  the  disunion  candidate  in  the  late  Presi- 
dential contest  had  carried  the  united  South,  their 
scheme  was,  the  !N"orthern  candidate  successful,  to 
seize  the  Capital  last  spring,  and  by  a  united  South 
and  divided  l^Torth  hold  it.  That  scheme  was 
defeated  in  the  defeat  of  the  disunion  candidate  in 
several  of  the  Southern  States. 

But  this  is  no  time  for  a  detail  of  causes.  The 
conspiracy  is  now  known.  Armies  have  been  raised, 
war  is  levied  to  accomplish  it.  There  are  only  two 
sides  to  the  question.  Every  man  must  be  for  the 
United  States  or  against  it.  There  can  be  no  neu- 
■  trals  in  this  war ;  only  patriots — or  traitors. 

Thank  God,  Illinois  is  not  divided  on  this  ques- 
tion.    (Cheers.)    I  know  they  expected  to  present  a 


SPEECH  OF  KON.    STEPHEN  A.  DOUGLAS.    183 

united  South  against  a  divided  l^Tortli.  They  hoped 
in  the  Jforthern  States,  party  questions  would  bring 
civil  war  between  Democrats  and  Republicans,  when 
the  South  would  step  in  with  her  cohorts,  aid  one 
party  to  conquer  the  other,  and  then  make  easy  prey 
of  the  victors.  Their  scheme  was  carnage  and  civil 
war  in  the  E'orth. 

There  is  but  one  way  to  defeat  this.  In  Illinois 
it  is  being  so  defeated  by  closing  up  the  ranks.  War 
will  thus  be  prevented  on  our  own  soil.  "While  there 
was  a  hope  of  peace,  I  was  ready  for  any  reasonable 
sacrifice  or  compromise  to  maintain  it.  But  when 
the  question  comes  of  war  in  the  cotton-fields  of  the 
South,  or  the  corn-fields  of  Illinois,  I  say  the  farther 
off  the  better. 

We  can  not  close  our  eyes  to  the  sad  and  solemn 
fact  that  war  does  exist.  The  Government  must  be 
maintained,  its  enemies  overthrown,  and  the  more 
stupendous  our  preparations  the  less  the  bloodshed, 
and  the  shorter  the  struggle.  But  we  must  remember 
certain  restraints  on  our  action  even  in  time  of  war. 
We  are  a  Christian  people,  and  the  war  must  be 
prosecuted  in  a  manner  recognized  by  Christian 
nations.  * 

We  must  not  invade  Constitutional  rights.  The 
innocent  must  not  sufier,  nor  women  and  children  be 
the  victims.     Savages  must  not  be  let  loose.    But 


184  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

while  I  sanction  no  war  on  the  rights  of  others,  I  will 
iniplore  my  countrymen  not  to  lay  down  their  arms 
until  our  own  rights  are  recognized.     (Cheers.) 

The  Constitution  and  its  guarantees  are  our  birth- 
right, and  I  am  ready  to  enforce  that  inalienable 
rio-ht  to  the  last  extent.  "We  can  not  recognize  seces- 
sion.  Recognize  it  once,  and  you  have  not  only 
dissolved  government,  but  you  have  destroyed  social 
order — upturned  the  foundations  of  society.  You 
have  inaugurated  anarchy  in  its  worst  form,  and  will 
shortly  experience  all  the  horrors  of  the  French 
Kevolution. 

Then  we  have  a  solemn  duty — to  maintain  the 
Government.  The  greater  our  unanimity,  the 
speedier  the  day  of  peace.  We  have  prejudices  to 
overcome  from  the  few  short  months  since  of  a  fierce 
party  contest.  Yet  these  must  be  allayed.  Let  us 
lay  aside  all  criminations  and  recriminations  as  to 
the  origin  of  these  difficulties.  When  we  shall  have 
again  a  country  with  the  United  States  flag  floating 
over  it,  and  respected  on  every  inch  of  American 
soil,  it  will  then  be  time  enough  to  ask  who  and 
what  brought  all  this  upon  us. 

I  have  said  more  than  I  intended  to  say.  (Cries 
of  "  Go  on.")  It  is  a  sad  task  to  discuss  questions  so 
fearful  as  civil  war  ;  but  sad  as  it  is,  bloody  and  dis- 
astrous as  I  expect  it  will  be,  I  express  it  as  my 


SPEECH   OF   HON.    STEPHEN  A.   DOUGLAS.  185 

conviction  before  God,  that  it  is  the  duty  of  every 
American  citizen  to  rally  round  the  flag  of  his 
country. 

I  thank  you  again  for  this  magnificent  demonstra- 
tion. By  it  you  show  you  have  laid  aside  party 
strife.  Illinois  has  a  proud  position — United,  firm, 
determined  never  to  permit  the  Government  to  be 
destroyed.     (Prolonged  cheering.) 


186  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PEESIDENT    LINCOLN'S    FIEST   CALL    FOR 

TEOOPS. 

APEiL  15th,  1861. 

Whereo^^  the  laws  of  the  United  States  have  been 
for  some  time  past,  and  now  are,  opposed,  and  the 
execution  thereof  obstructed,  in  the  States  of  South 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  and  Texas,  by  combinations  too  powerful 
to  be  suppressed  by  the  ordinary  course  of  judicial 
proceedings,  or  by  the  powers  vested  in  the  marshals 
by  law  ;  now,  therefore,  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  in  virtue  of  the  power  in 
me  vested  by  the  Constitution  and  the  laws,  have 
thought  fit  to  call  forth  the  Militia  of  the  several 
States  of  the  Union  to  the  aggregate  number  of 
TojOOO,  in  order  to  suppress  said  combinations,  and 
to  cause  the  laws  to  be  duly  executed. 

The  details  for  this  object  will  be  immediately 
comnmnicated  to  the  State  authorities  through  the 


PEESIDENT  LmCOLN's  CAXL  FOE  TEOOPS.  187 

War  Department.  I  appeal  to  all  loyal  citizens  to 
favor,  facilitate,  and  aid,  this  effort  to  maintain  the 
honor,  the  integrity,  and  existence,  of  our  national 
Union,  and  the  perpetuity  of  popular  government, 
and  to  redress  wrongs  already  long  enough  endured. 
I  deem  it  proper  to  say  that  the  first  service  assigned 
to  the  forces  hereby  called  forth  vrill  probably  be  to 
repossess  the  forts,  places,  and  property  which  have 
been  seized  from  the  Union  ;  and  in  every  event  the 
utmost  care  will  be  observed,  consistently  with  the 
objects  aforesaid,  to  avoid  any  devastation,  any 
destruction  of,  or  interference  with  property,  or  any 
disturbance  of  peaceful  citizens  of  any  part  of  the 
country ;  and  I  hereby  command  the  persons  compos- 
ing the  combinations  aforesaid,  to  disperse  and  retire 
peaceably  to  their  respective  abodes,  within  twenty 
days  from  this  date. 

Deeming  that  the  present  condition  of  public 
affairs  presents  an  extraordinary  occasion,  I  do  hereby, 
in  virtue  of  the  power  in  me  vested  by  the  Constitu- 
tion, convene  both  houses  of  Congress.  The  Sena- 
tors and  Representatives  are,  therefore,  summoned  to 
assemble  at  their  resj)ective  chambers  at  twelve 
o'clock,  noon,  on  Thursday,  the  fourth  day  of  July 
next,  then  and  there  to  consider  and  determine  such 
measures  as,  in  their  wisdom,  the  public  safety  and 
interest  may  seem  to  demand. 


18S  NATIONAL    IIAND-EOOK. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand, 
and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be  affixed. 
Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  fifteenth  day 
of  April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  sixty-one,  and  of  the  independ- 
ence of  the  United  States  the  eighty-fifth. 

Abeaham  Lincoln. 
Bj  the  President. 

William  H.  Sewajsd,  Secretary  of  State. 


TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  TROOPS  CALLED  INTO  SERVICE 
DURING  THE  REBELLION. 

The  various  calls  of  the  President  for  men  were 
as  follows : 


1861, — 3  months'  men, 
1861, — 3  yeaxs'  men,  . 
1862, — 3  years'  men,  . 
1862, — 9  months'  men, 
1864, — 3  years'  men,  February, 
1864, — 3  years'  men,  March, 
1864, — 3  years'  men,  July, 


75,000 
500,000 
300,000 
300,000 
500,000 
200,000 
500,000 


1864, — 3  years'  men,  December,         .        .     300,000 


Total,         .        .        .  2,675,000 

These  do  not  include  the  militia  that  v/eru 
brought  into  service  during  the  various  invasions  of 
Lee's  armies  into  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania. 


N.   T.    nH\MBEE   OF   COMMEECE  EESOLUTIONS.     189 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  THE  N.  Y.  CHAMBER  OF 

COMMERCE. 

SUSTAINTNG   THE    FEDERAL  GOVEBUMKNT    AND     UEGING   A   STEIOT 
BLOCKADE   OF   SOUTHERN   POETS,    APEIL   19tH,    1861. 

Whereas,  Our  couDtry  has,  in  the  course  of 
events,  reached  a  crisis  unprecedented  in  its  past 
history,  exposing  it  to  extreme  dangers,  and  involv- 
ing the  most  momentous  results ;  and  Whereas,  The 
President  of  the  United  States  has,  by  his  Proclama- 
tion, made  known  the  dangers  which  threaten  the 
stability  of  Government,  and  called  upon  the  people 
to  rally  in  support  of  the  Constitution  and  laws ;  and 
Whereas,  The  merchants  of  New  York,  represented 
in  this  Chamber,  have  a  deep  stake  in  the  results 
which  may  flow  from  the  present  exposed  state  of 
national  affairs,  as  well  as  a  jealous  regard  for  the 
honor  of  that  flag  under  whose  protection  they  have 
extended  the  commerce  of  this  city  to  the  remotest 
part  of  the  world ;  therefore, 


190  NATIOlfAL    HAOTD-BOOK. 

Resolved^  That  this  Chamber,  alive  to  the  perils 
which  have  been  gathering  around  our  cherished 
form  of  Government  and  menacing  its  overthrow, 
has  witnessed  with  lively  satisfaction  the  determina- 
tion of  the  President  to  maintain  the  Constitution 
and  vindicate  the  supremacy  of  Government  and 
law  at  every  hazard.     (Cheers.) 

Resolved^  That  the  so-called  secession  of  some  ot 
the  Southern  States  having  at  last  culminated  in 
open  war  against  the  United  States,  the  American 
people  can  no  longer  defer  their  decision  between 
anarchy  or  despotism  on  the  one  side,  and  on  the 
other  liberty,  order,  and  law  under  the  most  benign 
Government  the  world  has  ever  known. 

Resolved^  That  this  Chamber,  forgetful  of  past 
differences  of  political  opinion  among  its  members, 
will,  with  unanimity  and  patriotic  ardor,  support  the 
Government  in  this  great  crisis :  and  it  hereby 
pledges  its  best  efforts  to  sustain  its  credit  and  facili- 
tate its  financial  operations.  It  also  confidently 
appeals  to  all  men  of  wealth  to  join  in  these  efforts. 
(Applause.) 

Resolved^  That  while  deploring  the  advent  of 
civil  war  which  has  been  precipitated  on  the  country 
by  the  madness  of  the  South,  the  Chamber  is  per- 
suaded that  policy  and  humanity  alike  demand  that 
it  should  be  met  by  the  most  prompt  and  energetic 


]Sr.    T.    CHAMBER   OF   COMMERCE   RESOLUTIONS.     191 

measures ;  and  it  accordingly  recommends  to  Gov- 
ernment the  instant  adoption  and  prosecution  of  a 
policy  so  vigorous  and  resistless,  that  it  will  crush 
put  treason  now  and  forever.     (Applause.) 

Resolved^  That  the  proposition  of  Mr.  Jefferson 
Davis  to  issue  letters  of  marque  to  whosoever  may 
apply  for  them,  emanating  from  no  recognized  Gov- 
ernment, is  not  only  without  the  sanction  of  public 
law,  but  piratical  in  its  tendencies,  and  therefore 
deserving  the  stern  condemnation  of  the  civilized 
world.  It  cannot  result  in  the  fitting  out  of  regular 
privateers,  but  may,  in  infesting  the  ocean  with 
piratical  cruisers,  armed  with  traitorous  commissions, 
to  despoil  our  commerce  and  that  of  all  other 
maritime  nations.     (Applause.) 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  this  threatening  evil,  it 
is,  in  the  opinion  of  this  Chamber,  the  duty  of  our 
Government  to  issue  at  once  a  proclamation,  warning 
all  persons,  that  privateering  under  the  commissions 
proposed  will  be  dealt  with  as  simple  piracy.  It 
owes  this  duty  not  merely  to  itself,  but  to  other 
maritime  nations,  who  have  a  right  to  demand  that 
the  United  States  Government  shall  promptly  discoun- 
tenance every  attempt  within  its  borders  to  legalize 
piracy.  It  should,  also,  at  the  earliest  moment,  block- 
ade every  Southern  port,  so  as  to  prevent  the  egress 
and  ingress  of  such  vessels.     (Immense  applause.) 


192  NATIONAL   nAND-BOOK. 

Resol'^ed^  That  the  Secretary  be  directed  to  send 
copies  of  these  resolutions  to  the  Chambers  of  Com- 
merce of  other  cities,  inviting  their  co-operation  in 
such  measures  as  may  be  deemed  effective  in 
strengthening  the  hands  of  .Government  in  this 
emergency. 

Resolved^  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions,  duly 
attested  by  the  officers  of  the  Chamber,  be  forwarded 
to  the  President  of  the  United  States. 


BLOCKADE   KESOLUTIONS. 
\ 

Whereas^  War  against  the  Constitution  and  Gov- 
ernment of  these  United  States  has  been  commenced, 
and  is  carried  on  by  certain  combinations  of  indi- 
viduals, assuming  to  act  for  States  at  the  South 
claiming  to  have  seceded  from  the  United  States ; 
and 

^Vhereas^  Such  combinations  have  officially  pro- 
mulgated an  invitation  for  the  enrollment  of  vessels, 
to  act  under  their  authorization,  and  as  so-called 
"  privateers,"  against  the  flag  and  commerce  of  the 
United  States ;  therefore. 

Resolved^  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
State  of  !New  York,  That  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment be  recommended  and  urged  to  blockade  the 
ports  of  such  States,  or  any  other  State  that  shall 


N.   T.   CHAMBER  OF   COMMEECE  EES0LUTI0N8.     193 

join  them,  and!  that  this  measure  is  demanded  for 
defence  in  war,  as  also  for  protection  to  the  commerce 
of  the  United  States  against  these  so-called  "  priva- 
teers "  invited  to  enrol  nnder  the  authority  of  such 
States. 

Resolved^  That  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of 
the  State  of  IN'ew  York  pledges  its  hearty  and  cor- 
dial support  to  such  measures  as  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  may,  in  its  wisdom,  inaugurate 
and  carry  through  in  the  blockade  of  such  Dorts. 


194:  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


A  PEOOLAMATION, 

BY  THE    PEESIDENT    OF    THE  UNITED    STATES    OF  AMEBIOX, 
BLOCKADING   THE  SOUTHEEN  POETS. 

Whereas  an  insurrection  against  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  has  broken"  out  in  the  States  of 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana,  and  Texas,  and  the  laws  of  the 
United  States  for  the  collection  of  the  revenue  can 
not  be  efficiently  executed  therein  conformably  to 
that  provision  of  the  Constitution  which  requires 
duties  to  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States  : 

And  Whereas  a  combination  of  persons,  engaged 
in  such  insurrection,  have  threatened  to  grant  pre- 
tended letters  of  marque  to  authorize  the  bearers 
thereof  to  commit  assaults  on  the  lives,  vessels,  and 
property  of  good  citizens  of  the  country  lawfully 
engaged  in  commerce  on  the  high  seas,  and  in  waters 
of  the  United  States  : 

And   Whereas  an   Executive  Proclamation  has 


BLOCKADE   PEOCLAMATION.  195 

been  already  issued,  requiring  the  persons  engaged 
in  these  disorderly  proceedings  to  desist  therefrom, 
calling  out  a  militia  force  for  the  purpose  of  repress- 
ing the  same,  and  convening  Congress  in  extraordi- 
nary session  to  deliberate  and.  determine  thereon  : 

Now,  therefore,  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  President 
of  the  United  States,  with  a  view  to  the  same  pur- 
poses before  mentioned,  and  to  the  protection  of  the 
public  peace,  and  the  lives  and  property  of  quiet 
and  orderly  citizens  pursuing  their  lawful  occupa- 
tions, until  Congress  shall  have  assembled  and 
deliberated  on  the  said  unlawful  proceedings,  or 
until  tlie  same  shall  have  ceased,  have  further 
deemed  advisable  to  set  on  foot  a  Blockade  of  the 
ports  within  the  States  aforesaid,  in  pursuance  of  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  laws  of  nations 
in  such  cases  provided.  For  this  purpose  a  compe- 
tent force  will  be  posted  so  as  to  prevent  entrance 
and  exit  of  vessels  from  the  ports  aforesaid.  If, 
therefore,  with  a  view  to  violate  such  Blockade,  a 
vessel  shall  approach,  or  shall  attempt  to  leave  any 
of  the  said  ports,  she  will  be  duly  warned  by  the 
Commander  of  one  of  the  blockading  vessels,  who 
will  endorse  on  her  register  the  fact  and  date  of  such 
warning  ;  and  if  the  same  vessel  shall  again  attempt 
to  enter  or  leave  the  blockaded  port,  she  will  be  cap- 
tured and  sent  to  the  nearest  convenient  port,  for 


196  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

such  proceedings  against  her  and  her  cargo  as  prize 
as  may  be  deemed  advisable. 

And  I  hereby  proclaim  and  declare,  that  if  any 
person,  under  the  pretended  authority  of  said  States, 
or  nnder  any  other  pretence,  shall  molest  a  vessel  ot 
the  United  States,  or  the  persons  or  cargo  on  board 
of  her,  such  person  will  be  held  amenable  to  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  for  the  prevention  and 
punishment  of  piracy. 

Abba  HAM  Lincoln. 
By  the  President. 

"William  H.  Seward,  Secretary  of  State. 
Washington,  April  19,  1861. 


THE   EMAT^CIPATIOK  PBOCLATVTATION. 


197 


THE    EMANCIPATION    PKOOLAMATION. 


BY  THE  PEESIDEST  OF  THE  TJIfflTED  STATES  OF  AMEBIOA- 


Wheeeas,  on  the  twenty-second  day  of  Septem- 
ber, in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eiglit  hun- 
dred and  sixty-two,  a  Proclamation  was  issued  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  containing  among 
other  things  the  following,  to  wit : 

"  That  on  the  first  day  of  January,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty- 
three,  all  persons  held  as  slaves  within  any  State,  or 
designated  part  of  a  State,  the  people  whereof  shall 
then  be  in  rebellion  against  the  United  States,  shall 
be  then,  thencefortii  and  foeever  feee,  and  the 
Executive  Government  of  the  United  States,  includ- 
ing the  military  and  naval  authorities  thereof,  will 
recognize  and  maintain  the  freedom  of  such  persons, 
and  will  do  no  act  or  acts  to  repress  such  persons,  or 
any  of  them,  in  any  efforts  they  may  make  for  their 
actual  freedom. 

"That  the  Executive  will,  on  the  first  day  of 


198  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

January  aforesaid,  by  proclamation,  designate  the 
States  and  parts  of  States,  if  any,  in  which  the  people 
thereof  respectively  shall  then  be  in  rebellion  against 
the  United  States,  and  the  fact  that  any  State,  or 
the  people  thereof,  shall  on  that  day  be  in  good  faith 
represented  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  by 
members  chosen  thereto  at  elections  wherein  a  ma- 
jority of  the  qualified  voters  of  such  State  shall  have 
participated,  shall,  in  the  absence  of  strong  counter- 
vailing testimony,  be  deemed  conclusive  evidence 
that  such  State  and  the  people  thereof  are  not  then 
in  rebellion  against  the  United  States." 

ISTow,  therefore,  I,  ABEAHAM  LIN'COLX, 
President  of  the  United  States,  by  virtue  of  the 
power  in  me  vested  as  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Army  and  'Navj  of  the  United  States  in  time  of 
actual  armed  rebellion  against  the  authority  and 
government  of  the  United  States,  and  as  a  fit  and 
necessary  war  measure  for  suppressing  said  rebellion, 
do,  on  this  first  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixtv-three, 
and  in  accordance  with  my  purpose  so  to  do,  publicly 
proclaim  for  the  full  period  of  one  hundred  days 
from  the  day  of  the  first  above  mentioned  order,  and 
designate,  as  the  States  and  parts  of  States  wherein 
the  people  thereof  respectively  ai-e  this  day  in  rebel- 
lion against  the  United  States,  the  following,  to  wit : 


THE  KMAXCIPATIOy   PEOCLAMATIOX.  199 

AEKA:XSAS,  TEXAS,  LOUISIAXA,  (escept  the 
Parishes  of  St.  Bernard,  Plaqaemines,  Jefferson.  St. 
John,  St.  Charles,  St.  James,  Ascension,  Assumption, 
Terre  Bonne,  Lafourche,  St.  Mary,  St.  Martin,  and 
Orleans,  inclading  the  Citv  of  Orleans).  MISSIS- 
SIPPI,  ALABAMA,  FLOEIDA,  GEORGIA, 
SOUTH  CAEOLIXA,  XOETH  CAEOLIXA,  and 
YIEGENTA  (except  the  forty-eight  counties  desig- 
nated as  "West  Virginia,  and  also  the  counties  of 
Berkley,  Accomac,  Northampton,  Elizabeth  City, 
York,  Princess  Ann.  and  Xorfolk,  includinof  the 
cities  of  Xorfolk  and  Portsmouth),  and  which  ex- 
cepted parts  are,  for  the  present,  left  precisely  as  if 
this  Proclamation  "were  not  issued. 

And  by  virtue  of  the  power  and  for  the  purpose 
aforesaid,  I  do  order  and  declare  that  all  peesoxs 
HELD  AS  SLATES  withiu  Said  designated  States  and 
parts  of  States  are,  axd.hexcefoewaed  SHALL  BE 
FEEE  !  and  that  the  Executive  Government  of  the 
United  States,  including  the  military  and  naval  au- 
thorities thereof,  will  recognize  and  maintain  the 
freedom  of  said  persons. 

And  I  hereby  enjoin  upon  the  people  so  declared 
to  be  free,  to  abstain  from  all  violence,  unless  in 
necessary  self-defence,  and  I  recommend  to  them 
that  in  all  cases,  when  allowed,  they  labor  faithfully 
for  reasonable  wages. 


200  NA-nONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

And  I  further  declare  and  make  known  that  such 
persons  of  suitable  condition  will  be  received  into 
the  armed  service  of  the  United  States  to  garrison 
forts,  positions,  stations  and  other  places,  and  to  man 
vessels  of  all  sorts  in  said  service. 

And  upon  this  act,  sincerely  believed  to  be  an 
act  of  justice,  warranted  by  the  Constitution,  upon 
military  necessity,  I  invoke  the  considerate  judg- 
ment of  mankind  and  the  gracious  favor  of  Al- 
mighty God. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my 
name,  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be 
affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  first  day 

of  January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 

Tl.  s.]    thousand   eight   hundred   and    sixty-three, 

and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 

States  the  eighty-seventh. 

ABEAHAM  LINCOLN. 
By  the  President. 

William  H.  Sewabd, 

Secretary  of  State. 


THE  CONFISCATION  ACT.  201 


THE  CONFISCATION  ACT. 

TO  CONFISCATE  PEOPEETY  USED  FOE  INSUKBEOTIOITAEY  PTJEP08E8. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  Tliat  if,  during  the  present  or 
any  future  insurrection  against  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  after  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  declared,  by  proclamation,  that  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  are  opposed,  and  the  exe- 
cution thereof  obstructed,  by  combinations  too  pow- 
erful to  be  suppressed  by  the  ordinary  course  of 
judicial  proceedings,  or  by  the  power  vested  in  the 
marshals  by  law,  any  person  or  persons,  his,  her,  or 
their  agent,  attorney,  or  employee,  shall  purchase  or 
acquire,  sell  or  give  any  property  of  whatsoever  kind 
or  description,  with  intent  to  use  or  employ  the 
same,  or  suffer  the  same  to  be  used  or  employed,  in 
aiding,  abetting,  or  promoting  such  insurrection  or 
resistance  to  the  laws,  or  any  person  or  persons  en- 
gaged therein ;  or  if  any  person  or  persons,  being  the 


202  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

owner  or  owners  of  any  such  property,  shall  know- 
ingly use  or  employ,  or  consent  to  the  use  or  employ- 
ment of  the  same  as  aforesaid,  all  such  property  is 
hereby  declared  to  be  lawful  subject  of  prize  and 
capture  wherever  found  ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States  to  cause  the  same 
to  be  seized,  confiscated,  and  condemned. 

Sec.  2.  Such  prizes  and  capture  shall  be  con- 
demned in  the  district  or  circuit  court  of  the  United 
States,  having  jurisdiction  of  the  amount,  or  in  admi- 
ralty in  any  district  in  which  the  same  may  be  seized, 
or  into  which  they  may  be  taken  and  proceedings 
first  instituted. 

Sec.  3.  The  Attorney-General,  or  any  district 
attorney  of  the  United  States  in  which  said  property 
may  at  the  time  be,  may  institute  the  proceedings  of 
condemnation,  and  in  such  case  they  shall  be  wholly 
for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States  ;  or  any  person 
may  file  an  information  with  such  attorney,  in  which 
case  the  proceedings  shall  be  for  the  use  of  such  in- 
former and  the  United  States  in  equal  parts. 

Sec.  4.  Whenever  hereafter,  during  the  present 
insurrection  against  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  any  person  claimed  to  be  held  to  labor  or  ser- 
vice under  the  law  of  any  State,  shall  be  required  or 
permitted  by  the  -person  to  whom  such  labor  or  ser- 
vice is  claimed  to  be  due,  or  by  the  lawful  agent  of 


THE   COKTISCATIOJS  ACT.  203 

sucli  persons,  to  take  up  arms  against  tlie  United 
States,  or  shall  be  required  or  permitted  by  the  per- 
gon  to  whom  sucb  labor  or  service  is  claimed  to  be 
due,  or  bis  lawful  agent,  to  work  or  to  be  employed 
in  or  upon  any  fort,  navy  yard,  dock,  armory,  sliip, 
intrencbment,  or  in  any  militar}'-  or  naval  service 
w^hatsoever,  against  the  Government  and  lawful  au- 
thority of  the  United  States,  then,  and  in  ev^ery  such 
case,  the  person  to  whom  such  labor  or  service  is 
claimed  to  be  due,  shall  forfeit  his  claim  to  such  labor, 
any  law  of  the  State  or  of  the  United  States  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding.  And  whenever  thereafter 
the  person  claiming  such  labor  or  service  shall  seek 
to  enforce  his  claim,  it  shall  be  a  full  and  sufficient 
answer  to  such  claim  that  the  person  whose  service 
or  labor  is  claimed  had  been  employed  in  the  hostile 
service  against  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  act. 


204  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


FIKST  INAUGUEAL  ADDEESS  OF  PEESIDENT 

LINCOLN 

Maech  4th,  1861. 

i- 

Fellow-  Citizens  of  the  United  States  : 

In  compliance  with  a  custom  as  old  as  the  Gov- 
ernment itself,  I  appear  before  you  to  address  you 
briefly,  and  to  take,  in  your  presence,  the  oath  pre- 
scribed by  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  to 
be  taken  by  the  President,  before  he  enters  on  the 
execution  of  his  office. 

I  do  not  consider  it  necessary,  at  present,  for  me 
to  discuss  those  matters  of  administration  about 
which  there  is  no  special  anxiety  or  excitement. 
Apprehension  seems  to  exist  among  the  people  of  the 
Southern  States,  that,  by  the  accession  of  a  Repub- 
lican Administration,  their  property  and  their  peace 


INAUGUEAL   ADDEESS   OF  PEESmENT  LmCOLN.    205 

and  personal  security  are  to  be  endangered.  There 
has  nevet  been  any  reasonable  cause  for  such  appre- 
hension. Indeed,  the  most  ample  evidence  to  the 
contrary  has  all  the  while  existed,  and  been  open  to 
their  inspection.  It  is  found  in  nearly  all  the  pub- 
lished speeches  of  him  who  now  addresses  you.  I 
do  but  quote  from  one  of  those  speeches,  when  I 
declare  that  "  I  have  no  purpose,  directly  or  indi- 
rectly, to  interfere  with  the  institution  of  slavery  in 
the  States  where  it  exists."  I  believe  I  have  no 
lawful  right  to  do  so ;  and  I  have  no  inclination  to 
do  so.  Those  who  nominated  and  elected  me,  did  so 
with  the  full  knowledge  that  I  had  made  this,  and 
made  many  similar  declarations,  and  had  never  re- 
canted them.  And,  more  than  this,  they  placed  in 
the  platform,  for  my  acceptance,  and  as  a  law  to 
themselves  and  to  me,  the  clear  and  emphatic  resolu- 
tion which  I  now  read : 

^^Hesolved,  That  the  maintenance  inviolate  of  the 
rights  of  the  States,  and  especially  the  right  of  each 
State  to  order  and  control  its  own  domestic  institu- 
tions according  to  its  own  judgment  exclusively,  is 
essential  to  that  balance  of  power  on  which  the  per- 
fection and  endurance  of  our  political  fabric  depend ; 
and  we  denounce  the  lawless  invasion  by  armed  force 
of  the  soil  of  any  State  or  Territory,  no  matter  under 
what  pretext,  as  among  the  gravest  of  crimes.'* 


206  NATIONAL    HAJSTD-BOOK. 

1  now  reiterate  these  sentiments ;  and  in  doing  so 
I  only  press  upon  the  public  attention  the  most  eon- 
chisive  evidence  o^^  which  the  case  is  susceptible,  that 
the  property,  peace,  and  security  of  no  section  are 
to  be  in  anywise  endangered  by  the  now  incoming 
Administration. 

I  add,  too,  tliat  all  the  protection  which,  consist- 
ently with  the  Constitution  and  the  laws,  can  be 
given  will  be  cheerfully  given  to  all  the  States  when 
lawfully  demanded,  for  whatever  cause,  as  cheerfully 
to  one  section  as  to  another.  , 

There  is  much  controvery  about  the  delivering 
up  of  fugitives  from  service  or  labor.  The  clause  I 
now  read  is  as  plainly  written  in  the  Constitution  as 
any  other  of  its  provisions : 

"  JSTo  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State 
under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall, 
in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be 
discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be 
delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such 
service  or  labor  may  be  due." 

It  is  scarcely  questioned  that  this  provision  was 
intended  by  those  who  made  it  for  the  reclaiming  of 
what  we  call  fugitive  slaves ;  and  the  intention  of 
the  lawgiver  is  the  law. 

All  members  of  Congress  swear  their  support  to 
the  whole  Constitution — to  this  provision  as  well  as 


IISTAUGUEAL   ADDEES8   OF  PRESIDEin'  L,!NC0LN".    207 

any  other.  To  the  proposition,  then,  that  slaves 
whose  cases  come  within  the  terms  of  this  clause 
"  shall  be  delivered  up,"  their  oaths  are  unanimous. 
]^ow,  if  they  would  make  the  effort  in  good  temper, 
could  they  not,  with  nearly  equal  unanimity,  frame 
and  pass  a  law  by  means  of  which,  to  keep  good  that 
unanimous  oath  ? 

There  is  some  difference  of  opinion  whether  this 
clause  should  be  enforced  by  ^National  or  by  State 
authority ;  but  surely  that  difference  is  not  a  very 
material  one.  If  the  slave  is  to  be  surrendered,  it 
can  be  of  but  little  consequence  to  him  or  to  others 
by  which  authority  it  is  done  ;  and  should  any  one, 
in  any  case,  be  content  that  this  oath  shall  go  unkept 
on  a  merely  unsubstantial  controversy  as  to  how  it 
shall  be  kept  ? 

Again,  in  any  law  upon  this  subject,  ought  not 
all  the  safeguards  of  liberty  known  in  the  civilized 
and  humane  jurisprudence  to  be  introduced,  so  that 
a  free  man  be  not,  in  any  case,  surrendered  as  a 
slave  ?  And  might  it  not  be  well  at  the  same  time 
to  provide  by  law  for  the  enforcement  of  that  clause 
in  the  Constitution  which  guaranties  that  "  the  citi- 
zens of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the 
privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  several 
States?" 

I  take  the  official  oath  to-day  with  no  mental 


208  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

reservations,  and  with  no  purpose  to  construe  the 
Constitution  or  laws  by  any  hypercritical  rules ;  and 
while  I  do  not  choose  now  to  specify  particular  acts 
of  Congress  as  proper  to  be  enforced,  I  do  suggest 
that  it  will  be  much  safer  for  all,  both  in  official  and 
private  stations,  to  conform  to  and  abide  by  all  those 
acts  which  stand  unrepealed,  than  to  violate  any  of 
them,  trusting  to  find  impunity  in  having  them  held 
to  be  unconstitutional. 

It  is  seventy-two  years  since  the  first  inaugura- 
tion of  a  President  under  our  national  Constitution. 
During  that  period  fifteen  different  and  very  distin- 
guished citizens  have  in  succession  administered  the 
executive  branch  of  the  government.  They  have 
conducted  it"  through  many  perils,  and  generally 
with  great  success.  Yet,  with  all  this  scope  for  pre- 
cedent, I  now  enter  upon  the  same  task,  for  the  brief 
constitutional  term  of  four  years,  under  great  and 
peculiar  difficulties. 

A  disruption  of  the  Federal  Union,  heretofore 
only  menaced,  is  now  formidably  attempted.  I  hold 
that  in  the  contemplation  of  universal  law  and  of 
the  Constitution,  the  Union  of  these  States  is  per- 
petual. Perpetuity  is  implied,  if  not  expressed,  in 
the  fundamental  law  of  all  national  governments. 
It  is  safe  to  assert  that  no  government  proper  ever 
had  a  provision  in  its  organic  law  for  its  own  termin- 


INAUGUKAL   ADDRESS   OF  PEESEDENT  LESTCOLN.   209 

ation.  Continue  to  execute  all  tlie  express  provisions 
of  our  national  Constitution,  and  the  Union  will 
endure  forever,  it  being  impossible  to  destroy  it, 
except  by  some  action  not  provided  for  in  the  instru- 
ment itself. 

Again,  if  the  United  States  be  not  a  government 
proper,  but  an  association  of  States  in  the  nature  of 
a  contract  merely,  can  it,  as  a  contract,  be  peaceably 
unmade  by  less  than  all  the  parties  who  made  if? 
One  party  to  a  contract  may  violate  it — break  it,  so 
to  speak;  but  does  it  not  require  all  to  lawfully 
rescind  it  ?  Descending  from  these  general  principles 
we  find  the  proposition  that  in  legal  contemplation 
the  Union  is  perpetual,  confirmed  by  the  history  of 
the  Union  itself. 

The  Union  is  much  older  than  the  Constitution. 
It  was  formed,  in  fact,  by  the  Articles  of  Association 
in  1774.  It  was  matured  and  continued  in  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence  in  1776.  It  was  further 
matured,  and  the  faith  of  all  the  then  thirteen  States 
expressly  plighted  and  engaged  that  it  should  be 
perpetual,  by  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  in  1778 ; 
and,  finally,  in  1787,  one  of  the  declared  objects  for 
ordaining  and  establishing  the  Constitution  was  to 
form  a  more  perfect  Union.  But  if  the  destruction 
of  the  Union  by  one  or  by  a  part  only  of  the  States 
be  lawfully  possible,  the  Union  is  less  than  before, 


210  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the   Constitution  having  lost  the  vital  element  of 
perpetuity. 

It  follows  from  these  views  that  no  State,  upon 
its  own  mere  motion,  can  lawfully  get  out  of  the 
Union ;  that  resolves  and  ordinances  to  that  effect, 
are  legally  void ;  and  that  acts  of  violence  within  any 
State  or  States  against  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  are  insurrectionary  or  revolutionary,  accord- 
ing to  circumstances. 

I  therefore  consider  that,  in  view  of  the  Consti- 
tution and  the  laws,  the  Union  is  unbroken,  and,  to 
the  extent  of  my  ability,  I  shall  take  care,  as  the 
Constitution  itself  expressly  enjoins  upon  me,  that 
the  laws  of  the  Union  shall  be  faithfully  executed  in 
all  the  States.  Doing  this,  which  I  deem  to  be  only 
a  simple  duty  on  my  part,  I  shall  perfectly  perform 
it,  so  far  as  is  practicable,  unless  my  rightful  masters, 
the  American  people,  shall  withhold  the  requisition, 
or  in  some  authoritative  manner  direct  the  contrary. 

I  trust  this  will  not  be  regarded  as  a  menace,  but 
only  as  the  declared  purpose  of  the  Union  that  it  will 
constitutionally  defend  and  maintain  itself. 

In  doino;  this  there  need  be  no  bloodshed  or  vio- 
lence,  and  there  shall  be  none  unless  it  is  forced  upon 
the  national  authority. 

The  power  confided  to  me  will  he  used  to  hold, 
occupy,  and  possess  the  property  and  places  'belonging 


INAUGUEAL  ADDEESS  OF  PRESIDENT  LINCOLlSr.   211 

to  the  Government,  and  collect  the  duties  and  im- 
posts ;  but  beyond  what  may  be  necessary  for  these 
objects  there  will  be  no  invasion,  no  using  of  force 
against  or  among  the  people  anywhere. 

"Where  hostility  to  the  United  States  shall  be  so 
great  and  so  universal  as  to  prevent  competent  resi- 
dent citizens  from  holding  the  Federal  offices,  there 
will  be  no  attempt  to  force  obnoxious  strangers 
among  the  people  that  object.  While  the  strict 
legal  right  may  exist  of  the  Government  to  enforce 
the  exercise  of  these  offices,  the  attempt  to  do  so 
would  be  so  irritating,  and  so  nearly  impracticable 
withal,  that  I  deem  it  better  to  forego  for  the  time 
the  uses  of  such  offices. 

The  mails,  unless  repelled,  will  continue  to  be 
famished  in  all  parts  of  the  Union. 

So  far  as  possible,  the  people  everywhere  shall 
have  that  sense  of  perfect  security  which  is  most 
favorable  to  calm  thought  and  reflection. 

The  course  here  indicated  will  be  followed,  unless 
current  events  and  experience  shall  show  a  modifica- 
tion or  change  to  be  proper ;  and  in  every  case  and 
exigency  my  best  discretion  will  be  exercised  accord- 
ing to  the  circumstances  actually  existing,  and  with 
a  view  and  hope  of  a  peaceful  solution  of  the  national 
troubles,  and  the  restoration  of  fraternal  sympathiea 
and  affections. 


212  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

That  tliere  are  persons,  in  one  section  or  anotlior, 
who  seek  to  destroy  the  Union  at  all  events,  and  are 
glad  of  any  pretext  to  do  it,  I  will  neither  affirm  nor 
deny.  But  if  tliere  be  such,  I  need  address  no  word 
to  them. 

To  those,  however,  who  really  love  the  Union, 
may  I  not  speak,  before  entering  upon  so  grave  a 
matter  as  the  destruction  of  our  national  fabric,  with 
all  its  benefits,  its  memories,  and  its  hopes  ?  Would 
it  not  be  well  to  ascertain  why  we  do  it  ?  Will  you 
hazard  so  desperate  a  step,  while  any  portion  of  the 
ills  you  fly  from,  have  no  real  existence  ?  Will  you, 
while  the  certain  ills  you  fly  to,  are  greater  than  all 
the  real  ones  you  fly  from  ?  Will  you  risk  the  com- 
mission of  so  fearful  a  mistake  ?  All  profess  to  be 
content  in  the  Union  if  all  constitutional  rights 
can  be  maintained.  Is  it  true,  then,  that  any  right, 
plainly  written  in  the  Constitution  has  been  denied  ? 
I  think  not.  Happily  the  human  mind  is  so  consti- 
tuted, that  no  party  can  reach  to  the  audacity  of 
doing  this. 

Think,  if  you  can,  of  a  single  instance  in  which 
a  plainly-written  provision  of  the  Constitution  has 
ever  been  denied.  If,  by  the  mere  force  of  numbers, 
a  majority  should  deprive  a  minority  of  any  clearly- 
written  constitutional  right,  it  might,  in  a  moral 
point  of  view,  justify  revolution ;  it  certainly  would, 


INAirGTJEAL  ADDEESS   OF  PEESIDENT  LINCOLN.    213 

if  sncli  right  were  a  vital  one.     But  sucli  is  not  our 
case. 

All  the  vital  rights  of  minorities  and  of  individu- 
als are  so  plainly  assured  to  them  by  affirmations  and 
negations,  guaranties  and  prohibitions  in  the  Consti- 
tution, that  controversies  never  arise  concerning 
them.  But  no  organic  law  can  ever  be  framed  with 
a  provision  specifically  applicable  to  every  question 
which  may  occur  in  practical  administration.  !N^o 
foresight  can  anticipate,  nor  any  document  of  reason- 
able length  contain,  express  provisions  for  all  possible 
questions.  Shall  fugitives  from  labor  be  surrendered 
by  national  or  by  State  authorities?  The  Constitu- 
tion does  not  expressly  say.  Must  Congress  protect 
slavery  in  the  Territories  ?  The  Constitution  does 
not  expressly  say.  From  questions  of  this  class, 
spring  all  our  constitutional  controversies,  and  we 
divide  upon  them  into  majorities  and  minorities. 

If  the  minority  will  not  acquiesce,  the  majority 
must,  or  the  government  must  cease.  There  is  no 
alternative  for  continuing  the  government  but  acqui- 
escence on  the  one  side  or  the  other.  If  a  minority 
in  such  a  case,  will  secede  rather  than  acquiesce, 
they  make  a  precedent  which  in  turn  will  ruin  and 
divide  them,  for  a  minority  of  their  own  will  secede 
from  them  whenever  a  majority  refuses  to  be  con- 
trolled by  such  a  minority.     For  instance,  why  not 


214  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

any  portion  of  a  new  confederacy,  a  year  or  t^vo 
hence,  arbitrarily  secede  again,  precisely  as  portions 
of  the  present  Union  now  claim  to  secede  from  it  ? 
All  who  cherish  disunion  sentiments  are  now  being 
educated  to  the  exact  temper  of  doing  this.  Is  there 
such  perfect  identity  of  interests  among  the  States  to 
compose  a  new  Union  as  to  produce  harmony  only, 
and  prevent  renewed  secession  ?  Plainly,  the  central 
idea  of  secession  is  the  essence  of  anarchy. 

A  majority  held  in  restraint  by  constitutional 
check  and  limitation,  and  always  changing  easily 
with  deliberate  changes  of  popular  opinions  and  sen- 
timents, is  the  only  true  sovereign  of  a  free  people. 
Whoever  rejects  it,  does,  of  necessity,  fly  to  anarchy 
or  to  despotism.  Unanimity  is  impossible ;  and  the 
rule  of  a  majority,  as  a  permanent  arrangement,  is 
wholly  inadmissible.  So  that,  rejecting  the  majority 
principle,  anarchy  or  despotism  in  some  form  is  all 
that  is  left. 

I  do  not  forget  the  position  assumed  by  some 
that  constitutional  questions  are  to  be  decided  by 
the  Supreme  Court,  nor  do  I  deny  that  such  decis- 
ions must  be  binding  in  any  case  upon  the  parties  to 
a  suit,  as  to  the  object  of  that  suit,  while  they  are 
also  entitled  to  very  high  respect  and  consideration 
in  all  parallel  cases  by  all  other  departments  of  the 
government ;  and  while  it  is  obviously  possible  that 


nTAUGUEAI.  ADDKES8   OF   PBESEDENT   LESTCOLN.    215 

sucli  decision  may  be  erroneous  in  any  given  case, 
still  the  evil  effect  following  it,  being  limited  to  that 
particular  case,  with  the  chance  that  it  may  be  over- 
ruled and  never  become  a  precedent  for  other  cases, 
can  better  be  borne  than  could  the  evils  of  a  dijQPerent 
practice. 

At  the  same  time  the  candid  citizen  must  confess 
that  if  the  policy  of  the  government  upon  the  vital 
questions  affecting  the  whole  people  is  to  be  irrevo- 
cably fixed  by  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
the  instant  they  are  made,  as  in  ordinary  Ktigation 
between  parties  in  personal  actions,  the  people  will 
have  ceased  to  be  their  own  masters,  unless  having 
to  that  extent  practically  resigned  their  government 
into  the  hands  of  that  eminent  tribunal. 

Nor  is  there  in  this  view  any  assault  upon  the 
court  or  the  judges.  It  is  a  duty  from  which  they 
may  not  shrink,  to  decide  cases  properly  bropght 
before  them ;  and  it  is  no  fault  of  theirs  if  others  seek 
to  turn  their  decisions  into  political  purposes.  One 
section  of  our  country  believes  slavery  is  right  and 
ought  to  be  extended,  while  the  other  believes  it  is 
wrong  and  ought  not  to  be  extended ;  and  this  is  the 
only  substantial  dispute;  and  the  fugitive  slave 
clause  of  the  Constitution,  and  the  law  for  the  sup 
pression  of  the  foreign  slave  trade,  are  each  as  well 
enforced,  perhaps,  as  any  law  can  ever  be  in  a.  com- 


21  n  NATTOisrAL  kattd-booe:. 

munitj  where  tlie  moral  sense  of  tlie  people  imper- 
fectly supports  the  law  itself.  The  great  body  of  the 
people  abide  by  the  dry  legal  obligation  in  both 
cases,  and  a  few  break  over  in  each.  This,  I  think, 
cannot  be  perfectly  cured,  and  it  would  be  worse  in 
both  cases  after  the  separation  of  the  sections  than 
before.  The  foreign  slave  trade,  now  imperfectly 
suppressed,  would  be  ultimately  revived,  without 
restriction,  in  one  section ;  while  fugitive  slaves,  now 
only  partially  surrendered,  would  not  be  surrendered 
at  all  by  the  other. 

Physically  speaking  we  cannot  separate — we  can- 
not remove  our  respective  sections  from  each  other, 
nor  build  an  impassable  wall  between  them.  A 
husband  and  wife  may  be  divorced,  and  go  out  of 
the  presence  and  beyond  the  reach  of  each  other,  but 
the  different  sections  of  our  country  cannot  do  this. 
They  cannot  but  remain  face  to  face;  and  inter- 
course, either  amicable  or  hostile,  must  continue 
between  them.  Is  it  possible,  then,  to  make  that 
intercourse  more  advantageous  or  more  satisfactory 
after  separation  than  before?  Can  aliens  make 
treaties  easier  than  friends  can  make  laws?  Can 
treaties  be  more  faithfully  enforced  between  aliens 
than  laws  can  among  friends  ?  Suppose  you  go  to 
war,  you  cannot  fight  always ;  and  when,  after  much 
loss  on  both  sides  and  no  gain  on  either,  you  cease 


INAUGURAL  ADDRESS   OF   TEESroENT  LINCOLN.    217 

fighting,  the  identical  questions  as  to  terms  of  inter- 
course are  again  upon  you. 

This  country,  with  its  institutions,  belongs  to  the 
people  who  inhabit  it.  Whenever  they  shall  grow 
weary  of  the  existing  government,  they  can  exercise 
their  constitutional  right  of  amejiding,  or  their  revolu- 
tionary right  to  dismember  or  overthrow  it.  I  can- 
not be  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  many  worthy  and 
patriotic  citizens  are  desirous  of  having  the  national 
Constitution  amended.  While  I  make  no  recom- 
mendation of  amendment,  I  fully  recognize  tbe  full 
authority  of  the  people  over  the  whole  subject,  to  be 
exercised  in  either  of  tlie  modes  prescribed  in  the 
instrument  itself,  and  I  should,  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances, favor,  rather  than  oppose,  a  fair  oppor- 
tunity being  afforded  the  people  to  act  upon  it. 

I  will  ventm-e  to  add,  that  to  me  the  convention 
mode  seems  preferable,  in  that  it  allows  amendments 
to  originate  with  the  people  themselves,  instead  of 
only  permitting  them  to  take  or  reject  propositions 
originated  by  others  not  especially  chosen  for  the 
purpose,  and  which  might  not  be  precisely  such  as 
they  would  wish  either  to  accept  or  refuse.  I  under- 
stand that  a  proposed  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
(which  amendment,  however,  I  have  not  seen)  has 
passed  Congress,  to  the  effect  that  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment shall  never  interfere  with  the  domestic 
10 


218  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

institutions  of  States,  including  that  of  persons  held 
to  service.  To  avoid  misconstruction  of  what  I 
have  said,  I  depart  from  my  purpose  not  to  speak  of 
particular  amendments,  so  far  as  to  say  that,  holding 
such  a  provision  to  now  be  implied  constitutional 
law,  I  have  no  objection  to  its  being  made  express 
and  irrevocable. 

The  chief  magistrate  derives  all  his  authority 
from  the  people,  and  they  have  conferred  none  upon 
him  to  fix  the  terms  for  the  separation  of  the  States. 
The  people  themselves,  also,  can  do  this  if  they 
choose,  but  the  Executive,  as  such,  has  nothing  to  do 
with  it.  His  duty  is  to  administer  the  present  gov- 
ernment as  it  came  to  his  hands,  and  to  transmit  it 
unimpaired  by  him  to  his  successor.  "Why  should 
there  not  be  a  patient  confidence  in  the  ultimate 
justice  of  the  people  ?  Is  there  any  better  or  equal 
hope  in  the  world?  In  our  present  difierences  is 
either  party  without  faith  of  being  in  the  right  ?  If 
the  Almighty  Kuler  of  nations,  with  his  eternal 
truth  and  justice,  be  on  your  side  of  the  North,  or  on 
yours  of  the  South,  that  truth  and  that  justice  will 
surely  prevail  by  the  judgment  of  this  great  tribunal, 
the  American  people.  By  the  frame  of  the  Govern- 
ment under  which  we  live,  this  same  people  have 
wisely  given  their  public  servants  but  little  power 
for  mischief,  and  have  with  equal  wisdom  provided 


ESTAUGTJEAL  ADDRESS   OF  PEESLDENT  LINCOLN.    219 

for  the  return  of  that  little  to  their  own  hands  at 
very  short  intervals.  While  the  people  retain  their 
virtue  and  vigilance,  no  administration,  by  any  ex- 
treme wickedness  or  folly,  can  very  seriously  injure 
the  Grovernment  in  the  short  space  of  four  years. 

My  countrymen,  one  and  all,  think  calmly  and 
well  upon  this  whole  subject.  N^othing  valuable  can 
be  lost  by  taking  time. 

If  there  be  an  object  to  hurry  any  of  you,  in  hot 
haste,  to  a  step  which  you  would  never  take  deliber- 
ately, that  object  will  be  frustrated  by  taking  time  ; 
but  no  good  object  can  be  frustrated  by  it. 

Such  of  you  as  are  now  dissatisfied  still  have  the 
old  Constitution  unimpaired,  and  on  the  sensitive 
point,  the  laws  of  your  own  framing  under  it ;  while 
the  new  administration  will  have  no  immediate 
power,  if  it  would,  to  change  either. 

If  it  were  admitted  that  you  who  are  dissatisfied 
hold  the  right  side  in  the  dispute,  there  is  still  no 
single  reason  for  precipitate  action.  Intelligence, 
patriotism,  Christianity,  and  a  firm  reliance  on  Him 
who  has  never  yet  forsaken  this  favored  land,  are 
still  competent  to  adjust,  in  the  best  way,  all  our 
present  difficulties. 

In  your  hands,  my  dissatisfied  fellow-countrymen, 
and  not  in  mine,  is  the  momentous  issue  of  civil  war. 
The  government  will  not  assail  you. 


220  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

You  can  have  no  conflict  without  being  your- 
selves the  aggressors.  You  have  no  oath  registered 
in  Heaven  to  destroy  the  government ;  while  I  shall 
have  the  most  solemn  one  to  "  preserve,  protect,  and 
defend  it."  ^ 

I  am  loath  to  close.  "We  are  not  enemies,  but 
friends.  "We  must  not  be  enemies.  Though  passion 
may  have  strained,  it  must  not  break  our  bonds  of 
affection. 

The  mystic  cords  of  memory,  stretching  from 
every  battle-field  and  patriot  grave  to  every  living 
heart  and  hearthstone  all  over  this  broad  land,  will 
yet  swell  the  chorus  of  the  Union,  when  again 
touched,  as  surely  they  will  be,  by  the  better  angels 
of  our  nature. 


THE  BALANCE  SHEET  OF  THE  GOVEENMENT.  221 


THE  BALANCE  SHEET  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT, 

BEFOEE   AND  SINCE  THE   WAE,    1859   AND   1865. 


The  receipts  into  the  Treasury  during  tlie  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1859,  were  as  follows : 

From  Customs $49,565,824  38 

From  Public  Lands 1,756,687  30 

From  Miscellaneous  Sources 2,082,559  33 

From  Treasury  Notes 9,667,400  00 

From  Loans 18,620,000  00 


Aggregate  resources  for  the  year  ending 

June  30,  1859 $88,090,787  11 

Which  amount  was  expended  as  follows : 
Civil,  Foreign  and  Miscellan's.  .$23,635,820  94 
Interior  (Indians  and  Pensions),     4,753,972  60 

War  Department 23,243,822  38 

Navy  Department 14,712,610  21 

PubUc  Debt 17,405,285  44 


Total  expenses  for  the  year. $88,751,511  57 

Balance  in  Treasury  July  1,  1859 4,339,275  54 

The  receipts  into  the  Treasury  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1865,  was  $1,898,532,533  24,  of  which  were 
received : 

From  loans  applied  to  expenses $864,863,499  17 

From  loans  applied  to  Public  Debt 607,361,241  68 

From  Internal  Revenue 209,464,215  25 

Expenditures  for  the  year $1,897,674,224  09 

War  Department  charged  with 1,031,323,360  79 

Balance  in  Treasury  July  1,  1865 658,309  15 

Total  increase  of  Public  Debt  during  the 

year 941,902,537  04 


222  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PEESIDENT  LINCOLN'S  SECOND  AND  LAST 
INAUGUEAL  ADDRESS. 

Maeoh  4,  1865. 

Fellow-Cotjntetmen  :  At  this  second  appearing 
to  take  tlie  oath  of  the  Presidential  office,  there  is 
less  occasion  for  an  extended  address  than  there  was 
at  the  first.  Then  a  statement,  somewhat  in  detail, 
( f  a  course  to  be  pursued  seemed  very  fitting  and 
proper.  ISTow,  at  the  expiration  of  four  years,  during 
which  public  declarations  have  been  constantly 
called  forth  on  every  point  and  phase  of  the  great 
contest  which  still  absorbs  the  attention  and  engrosses 
the  energies  of  the  nation,  little  that  is  new  could  be 
presented. 

The  progress  of  our  arms,  upon  which  all  else 
chiefly  depends,  ib  as  well  known  to  the  public  as  to 
myself,  and  it  is,  I  trust  reasonably  satisfactory  and 
encouraging  to  all.  "With  high  hope  for  the  future, 
no  prediction  in  regard  to  it  is  ventured. 


Lincoln's  last  inaugtiral  address.        223 

On  tlie  occasion  corresponding  to  this  four  years 
ago,  all  thoughts  were  anxiously  directed  to  an  im- 
pending civil  war.  All  dreaded  it ;  all  sought  to 
avoid  it.  While  the  inaugural  address  was  being 
delivered  from  this  place,  devoted  altogether  to  sav- 
ing the  Union  without  war,  insurgent  agents  were  in 
the  city  seeking  to  destroy  it  without  war — seeking 
to  dissolve  the  Union  and  divide  the  effects  by  nego- 
tiation. Both  parties  deprecated  war,  but  one  of 
them  would  make  war  rather  than  let  the  nation 
survive;  and  the  other  would  rather  accept  war  than 
let  it  perish,  and  the  war  came. 

One-eighth  of  the  whole  population  were  colored 
slaves,  not  distributed  generally  over  the  Union,  but 
localized  in  the  Southern  part  of  it.  These  slaves 
constituted  a  peculiar  and  powerful  interest.  All 
knew  that  this  interest  was  somehow  the  cause  of 
the  war.  To  strengthen,  perpetuate,  and  extend 
this  interest,  was  the  object  for  which  the  insurgents 
would  rend  the  Union  even  by  war,  while  the  Gov- 
ernment claimed  no  right  to  do  more  than  to  restrict 
the  territorial  enlargement  of  it. 

IS'either  party  expected  for  the  war  the  magni- 
tude or  the  duration  which  it  has  already  attained. 
Keither  anticipated  that  the  cause  of  the  conflict 
might  cease  with,  or  even  before  the  conflict  itself 
should    cease.      Each    looked    for    an    easier    tri 


224  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

umph,  and  a  result  less  fundamental  and  astound- 


ing. 


Both  read  the  same  Bible,  and  pray  to  the  same 
God ;  and  each  invoke  his  aid  against  the  other.  It 
may  seem  strange  that  any  men  should  dare  to  ask  a 
just  God's  assistance  in  wringing  their  bread  from 
the  sweat  of  other  men's  faces ;  but  let  us  judge  not, 
that  we  be  not  judged.  The  prayers  of  both  could 
not  be  answered.  That  of  neither  has  been  an- 
swered fully.  The  Almighty  has  his  own  pui-poses. 
"  Woe  unto  the  world  because  of  offences,  for  it  must 
must  needs  be  that  offences  come ;  but  woe  to  that 
man  by  whom  the  offence  cometh."  If  we  shall 
suppose  that  American  slavery  is  one  of  these  offen- 
ces, which,  in  the  providence  of  God,  must  needs 
come,  but  which,  having  continued  through  his 
appointed  time,  he  now  wills  to  remove,  and  that  he 
gives  to  both  North  and  South  this  terrible  war  as 
the  woe  due  to  those  by  whom  the  offence  came, 
shall  we  discern  therein  any  departure  from  those 
divine  attributes  which  the  believers  in  a  living  God 
always  ascribe  to  him?  Fondly  do  we  hope,  fer- 
vently do  we  pray,  that  this  mighty  scourge  of  war 
may  soon  pass  away.  Yet,  if  God  wills  that  it  con- 
tinue until  all  the  wealth  piled  by  the  bondman's 
two  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  unrequited  toil  shall 
be  sunk,  and  until  every  drop  of  blood  drawn  with 


Lincoln's  last  inaugtjeal  address. 


99: 


the  lash,  shall  be  paid  with  another  drawn  by  the 
sword  ;  as  was  said  three  thousand  years  ago,  so  still 
it  must  be  said,  "  The  judgments  of  the  Lord  are 
true  and  righteous  altogether." 

With  malice  toward  none,  with  charity  to  all, 
with  firnmess  in  the  right,  as  God  gives  us  to  see  the 
right,  let  us  strive  on  to  finish  the  work  we  are  in  ; 
to  bind  up  the  nation's  wounds ;  to  care  for  him  who 
shall  have  borne  the  battle,  and  for  his  widow  and 
his  orphans ;  to  do  all  which  may  achieve  and  cher- 
ish a  just  and  a  lasting  peace  among  ourselves  and 
with  all  nations. 


226  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PEESIDENT  LINCOLN'S  PEOOLAMATION  OF 

AMNESTY. 

AOCOMPANTma  THE  PEESIDENt's  MESSAGE,     DEOEMBEB   8,  1863. 

"Whereas,  in  and  by  the  Constitution  of  tlie 
United  States,  it  is  provided  that  the  President 
"  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons 
for  offences  against  the  United  States,  except  in 
cases  of  impeachment ;"  and  whereas  a  rebellion  now 
exists  whereby  the  loyal  State  governments  of  several 
States  have  for  a  long  time  been  subverted,  and 
many  persons  have  committed  and  are  now  guilty  of 
treason  against  the  United  States ;  and  whereas, 
with  reference  to  said  rebellion  and  treason,  laws 
have  been  enacted  by  Congress  declaring  forfeitures 
and  confiscation  of  property  and  liberation  of  slaves, 
all  upon  terms  and  conditions  therein  stated ;  and 
also  declaring  that  the  President  was  thereby  author- 
ized at  any  time  thereafter,  by  proclamation,  to 
extend  to  persons  who  may  have  participated  in  the 


Lincoln's  proclamation  of  amnesty.       227 

existing  rebellion,  in  any  State  or  part  thereof,  par- 
don and  amnesty,  witli  sncli  exceptions  and  at  such 
times  and  on  such  conditions  as  he  may  deem  expe- 
dient for  the  public  welfare ;  and  whereas  the  con- 
gressional declaration  for  limited  and  conditional 
pardon  accords  with  well  established  judicial  exposi- 
tion of  the  pardoning  power ;  and  whereas,  with 
reference  to  said  rebellion,  the  President  of  the 
United  States  has  issued  several  proclamations  with 
provisions  in  regard  to  the  liberation  of  slaves  ;  and 
whereas  it  is  now  desired  by  some  persons  heretofore 
eno-aged  in  said  rebellion  to  resume  their  allegiance 
to  the  United  States,  and  to  reinaugurate  loyal  State 
governments  within  and  for  their  respective  States  : 
Therefore, 

"  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United 
States,  do  proclaim,  declare,  and  make  known  to  all 
persons  who  have,  directly  or  by  implication,  partici- 
pated in  the  existing  rebellion,  except  as  hereinafter 
excepted,  that  a  full  pardon  is  hereby  granted  to 
them  and  each  of  them,  with  restoration  of  all  rights 
of  property,  except  as  to  slaves,  and  in  property 
cases  where  rights  of  third  parties  shall  have  inter- 
vened, and  upon  the  condition  that  every  such 
person  shall  take  and  subscribe  an  oath,  and  thence- 
forward keep  and  maintain  such  oath  inviolate  ;  and 
which  oath  shall  be  registered  for  permanent  preser- 


228  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

vation,  and  shall  be  of  the  tenor  and  effect  following, 
to  wit : 

"  I, ,  do  solemnly  swear,  in  presence 

of  Almighty  God,  that  I  will  henceforth  faithfully 
support,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  union  of  the  States  there- 
under ;  and  that  I  will  in  like  manner,  abide  by  and 
faithfully  support  all  acts  of  Congress  passed  during 
the  existing  rebellion  with  reference  to  slaves,  so 
long  and  so  far  as  not  repealed,  modified,  or  held 
void  by  Congress,  or  by  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court ;  and  that  I  will,  in  like  manner,  abide  by 
and  faithfully  support  all  proclamations  of  the  Presi- 
dent made  during  the  existing  rebellion  having 
reference  to  slaves,  so  long  and  so  far  as  not  modified 
or  declared  void  by  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
So  help  me  God." 

The  persons  excepted  from  the  benefits  of  the 
foregoing  provisions  are,  all  who  are,  or  shall  have 
been,  civil  or  diplomatic  ofiicers  or  agents  of  the  so- 
called  confederate  government ;  all  who  have  left 
judicial  stations  under  the  United  States  to  aid  the 
rebellion ;  all  who  are,  or  shall  have  been,  military 
or  naval  officers  of  said  so-called  confederate  govern- 
ment, above  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  army,  or  of 
lieutenant  in  the  navy ;  all  who  left  seats  in  the 
United  States  Congress  to  aid  the  rebellion  ;  all  who 


LINCOL]Sr's  PKOCLAMATION   OF  AimESTT.  229 

resigned  commissions  in  the  Army  or  IN'avy  of  the 
United  States,  and  afterwards  aided  the  rebellion ; 
and  all  who  have  engaged  in  any  way  in  treating 
colored  persons,  or  white  persons  in  charge  of  such, 
otherwise  than  lawfully  as  prisoners  of  war,  and 
which  persons  may  have  been  found  in  the  United 
States  Service  as  soldiers,  seamen,  or  in  any  other 
capacity. 

And  I  do  further  proclaim,  declare  and  make 
known,  that  whenever,  in  any  of  the  States  of 
Arkansas,  Texas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Tennessee, 
Alabama,  Georgia,  Florida,  South  Carolina,  and 
North  Carolina,  a  number  of  persons,  not  less  than 
one-tenth  in  number  of  the  votes  cast  in  such  State 
at  the  presidential  election  of  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1860,  each  having  taken  the  oath  aforesaid,  and  not 
having  since  violated  it,  and  being  a  qualified  voter 
by  the  election  law  of  the  State  existing  immediately 
before  the  so-called  act  of  secession,  and  excluding 
all  others  shall  re-establish  a  State  government  which 
shall  be  republican,  and  in  nowise  contravening  said 
oath,  such  shall  be  recognized  as  the  true  govern- 
ment of  the  State,  and  the  State  shall  receive  there- 
under the  benefits  of  the  constitutional  provision 
which  declares  that  "  the  United  States  shall  guar- 
anty to  every  State  in  this  Union  a  republican  form 
of   government,   and  shall    protect  each  of  them 


230  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

against  invasion  ;  and,  on  application  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, or  the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature  cannot 
be  convened),  against  domestic  violence." 

And  I  do  further  proclaim,  declare,  and  make 
known  that  any  provision  which  may  be  adopted  by 
such  State  government  in  relation  to  the  freed 
people  of  such  State,  which  shall  recognize  and 
declare  their  permanent  freedom,  provide  for  their 
education,  and  which  may  .yet  be  consistent,  as  a 
temporary  arrangement,  with  their  present  condition 
as  a  laboring,  landless,  and  homeless  class,  will  not 
be  objected  to  by  the  l!Tational  Executive.  And  it  is 
suggested  as  not  improper,  that,  in  constructing  a 
loyal  State  government  in  any  State,  the  name  of 
the  State,  the  boundary,  the  subdivisions,  the  consti- 
tution, and  the  general  code  of  laws,  as  before  the 
rebellion,  be  maintained,  subject  only  to  the  modifi- 
cations made  necessary  by  the  conditions  hereinbefore 
stated,  and  such  others,  if  any,  not  contravening  said 
conditions,  and  which  may  be  deemed  expedient  by 
those  framing  the  new  State  government. 

To  avoid  misunderstanding,  it  may  be  proper  to 
say  that  this  proclamation,  so  far  as  it  relates  to 
State  governments,  has  no  reference  to  States 
wherein  loyal  State  governments  have  all  the  while 
been  maintained.  And  for  the  same  reason,  it  may 
be  proper  to  further  say  that  whether  members  sent 


Lincoln's  peoclamation  of  amnesty.        231 

to  Congress  from  any  State  shall  be  admitted  to 
seats,  constitutionallv  rests  exclusive  with  the 
respective  Houses,  and  not  to  any  extent  with  the 
Executive.  And  still  further,  that  this  proclamation 
is  intended  to  present  the  people  of  the  States 
wherein  the  national  authority  has  been  suspended, 
and  loyal  State  governments  have  been  subverted, 
a  mode  in  and  by  which  the  national  authority  and 
loyal  State  governments  may  be  re-established  within 
said  States,  or  in  any  of  them  ;  and,  while  the  mode 
presented  is  the  best  the  Executive  can  suggest,  with 
his  present  impressions,  it  must  not  be  understood 
that  no  other  possible  mode  would  be  acceptable. 
Given  under  my  hand,  at  the  City  of  Washington, 

the  8th  day  of  December,  a.  d.  1863,  and  of 
[l.  s.]  the  independence  of  the  United   States   of 

America  the  eighty-eighth. 

ABEAHAM  LINCOLK 

By  the  President. 
Wm.  H.  Sewakd,  Secretary  of  State. 


232  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


PEESIDENT  JOHNSON'S  AMNESTY  PEOCLA- 

MATION. 

BY   THE   rRKSlDKNT   OF  THB  USITKD   STATES   OF  AMEKICA. 

Wherem,  The  President  of  tbe  United  States,  on 
the  8th  day  of  December,  1863,  did,  with  the  object 
of  suppressing  the  existing  rebellion,  to  induce  all 
persons  to  lay  down  their  arms,  to  return  to  their 
loyalty,  and  to  restore  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  issue  proclamations  offering  amnesty  and  par- 
don to  certain  persons  who  had  directly  or  by  impli- 
cation, engaged  in  said  rebellion ;  and 

Whei'eas,  Many  persons  who  had  so  engaged  in 
the  late  rebellion  have,  since  the  issuance  of  said 
proclamation,  failed  or  neglected  to  take  the  benefits 
offered  thereby ;  and 

Whereas,  Many  persons  who  have  been  justly 
deprived  of  all  claim  to  amnesty  and  pardon  there- 
under, by  reason  of  their  participation  directly  or  by 
implication  in  said  rebellion,  and  continued  in  hos- 
tility to  the  Government  of  the  United  States  sinco 


Johnson's  amnesty  peoglamation  233 

the  date  of  said  proclamation,  now  desire  to  apply 
for  and  obtain  amnesty  and  pardon : 

To  the  end,  therefore,  that  the  authority  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  may  be  restored, 
and  that  peace,  and  order,  and  freedom  may  be  es- 
tablished, I,  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the 
United  States,  do  proclaim  and  declare,  that  I 
jereby  grant  to  all  persons  who  have  directly  or  in- 
cirectly  participated  in  the  existing  rebellion,  except 
as  hereafter  excepted,  amnesty  and  pardon,  with  res- 
toration of  all  rights  of  property,  except  as  to  slaves, 
except  in  cases  where  legal  proceedings  under  the 
lawg  of  the  United  States,  providing  for  the  confisca- 
tion 3f  property  of  persons  engaged  in  rebellion,  have 
been  instituted,  but  on  the  condition,  nevertheless, 
that  every  such  person  shall  take  and  subscribe  to 
the  following  oath,  which  shall  be  registered,  for 
permanent  preservation,  and  shall  be  of  the  tenor 
and  efiect  following,  to  wit : 

I  do  solemnly  swear  or  affirm  in  presence  of 
Almighty  God,  that  I  will  henceforth  support,  pro- 
tect, and  faithfully  defend  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  Stat3S,  and  will,  in  like  manner,  abide  by 
and  faithfully  support  all  laws  and  proclamations 
which  have  been  made  during  the  existing  rebellion 
with  reference  to  the  emancipation  of  slaves.  So 
help  me  God. 


234  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

The  following  classes  of  persons  are  excepted 
from  the  benefits  of  this  proclamation. 

1.  All  who  are  or  have  been  pretended  diplomatic 
officers,  or  otherwise  domestic  or  foreign  agents  of 
the  pretended  Confederate  States. 

2.  All  who  left  judicial  stations  under  the  United 
States  to  aid  in  the  rebellion. 

3.  All  who  have  been  military  or  naval  oflScers  of 
the  pretended  Confederate  Government  above  the  rank 
of  colonel  in  the  army,  and  lieutenant  in  the  navy. 

4.  All  who  left  their  seats  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  to  aid  in  the  rebellion. 

6.  All  who  resigned  or  tendered  the  resignation 
of  their  conjmissions  in  the  army  and  navy  of  the 
United  States  to  evade  their  duty  in  resisting  the 
rebellion. 

6.  All  who  have  eDsrao'ed  in  anr  wav  in  treatincj 
otherwise  than  lawfully  as  prisoners  of  war,  persons 
foimd  in  the  United  States  service  as  officers,  sol- 
diers, seamen,  or  in  other  capacities. 

7.  All  persons  who  have  been  or  are  absentees 
from  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  the 
rebellion. 

8.  All  military  or  naval  officers  in  the  rebel  ser- 
vice who  were  educated  by  the  Government  in  the 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  or  at  the  United 
States  Naval  Academy. 


Johnson's  amnestt  peoclamation.  235 

9.  All  persons  who  held  the  pretended  offices  of 
Governors  of  the  States  in  insurrection  against  the 
United  States. 

10.  All  persons  who  left  their  homes  within  the 
jurisdiction  and  protection  of  the  United  States,  and 
passed  beyond  the  Federal  military  lines  into  the 
so-called  Confederate  States  for  the  purpose  of  aiding 
the  rebellion. 

11.  All  persons  who  have  engaged  in  the  de- 
struction of  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  upon 
the  high  seas,  and  all  persons  who  have  made  raids 
it  to  the  United  States  from  Canada,  or  been  engaged 
in  destroying  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  on 
tht  lakes  and  rivers  that  separate  the  British  prov- 
inces from  the  United  States. 

12.  All  persons  who,  at  a  time  when  they  seek  to 
obtaii  the  benefits  hereof  by  taking  the  oath  herein 
prescribed,  are  in  military,  naval  or  civil  confinement 
or  custody,  or  under  bond  of  the  military  or  naval 
authoriiies  or  agents  of  the  United  States  as  pris- 
oners of  any  kind,  eithei*  before  or  alter  their  con- 
viction. 

13.  Ali  persons  who  have  voluntarily  participated 
in  said  rebdlion,  the  estimated  value  of  whose  taxa- 
ble property  is  over  twenty  thousand  dollars, 

14.  All  persons  who  have  taken  the  oath  of  am- 
nesty, as  preso-ibed  in  the  President's  proclamation 


236  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

of  December  8, 1863,  or  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the 
United  States  since  the  date  of  said  proclamation, 
and  who  have  not  thenceforward  kept  the  same 
inviolate ;  provided,  that  special  application  may  be 
made  to  the  President  for  pardon  by  any  person  be- 
longing to  the  excepted  classes,  and  such  clemency 
will  be  extended  as  may  be  consistent  with  the  facts 
of  the  case  and  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  United 
States.  The  Secretary  of  State  will  establish  rules 
and  regulations  for  administering  and  recording  the 
said  amnesty  oath,  so  as  to  insure  its  benefits  to  the 
j)eople,  and  guard  the  government  against  fraud. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my 
band,  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be 
affixed. 
Done  at  the  City  of  "Washington,  this  the  29tli 

day  of  May,  1865,  and  of  the  independence  of 

America  the  89th. 

AJSDREW  JOHNSOK.   \ 
By  the  President, 

"Wm.  H.  Seward,  Secretary  of  State. 


A  PEACE  PEOCLAMATIOIT. 


2^7 


A  PEACE  PROCLAMATION. 


•  ♦» 


On  the  20th  of  August,  1866,  the  President 
issued  a  proclamation  announcing  the  return  of 
peace  and  restoring  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  in  all 
the  Southern  States.  Among  the  points  made  in 
this  proclamation  are  the  following : 

"  There  now  exists  no  organized  armed  resistance 
of  the  misguided  citizens  or  others  to  the  authority 
of  the  United  States  in  the  States  of  Georgia,  South 
Carolina,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Ala- 
bama, Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Mississippi,  and  Florida, 
and  the  laws  can  be  sustained  and  enforced  therein 
bj  the  proper  civil  authority,  State  or  Federal,  and 
the  people  of  the  said  States  are  well  and  loyally  dis- 
posed, and  have  conformed,  or  will  conform,  in  their 
legislation  to  the  condition  of  aifairs  growing  out  of 
the  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 


238  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

States  prohibiting  slavery  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States. 

u  -x-  -x-  *  rpjjg  people  of  the  several  before  men- 
tioned States  have,  in  the  manner  aforesaid,  given 
satisfactory  evidence  that  they  acquiesce  in  this  sov- 
ereign and  important  revolution  of  the  national 
unity. 

"  It  is  believed  to  be  a  fundamental  principle  of 
government  that  people  who  have  revolted,  and  who 
have  been  overcome  and  subdued,  must  either  be 
dealt  with  so  as  to  induce  them  voluntarily  to  become 
friends,  or  else  they  must  be  held  by  absolute  mili- 
tary power,  or  devastated  so  as  to  prevent  them  from 
ever  again  doing  harm  as  enemies,  which  last  named 
policy  is  abhorrent  to  humanity  and  freedom. 

"  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  provides 
for  constitutional  communities  only  as  States,  and 
not  as  territories,  dependencies,  provinces,  or  protec- 
torates. 

"  ^  *  *  Therefore,  I,  Andrew  Johnson,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  do  hereby  proclaim  and 
declare  that  the  insurrection  which  heretofore  existed 
in  the  States  of  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  ]!!^orth 
Carolina,  Yirginia,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  Louisiana, 
Arkansas,  Mississippi,  and  Florida  is  at  an  end,  and 
henceforth  to  be  so  regarded." 


THE   CIVIL   EIGHTS    BILL. 


^Od 


CIVIL  EIGHTS  BILL. 


AS.  ADOPTED   BY    00NGEE8S,     MAEOH,    1866. 


§  1.  That  all  persons  in  tlie  United  States^  and 
not  subject  to  any  foreign  power,  excluding  Indians 
not  taxed,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  citizens  of  the 
United  States ;  and  such  citizens  of  every  race  and 
color,  without  regard  to  any  previous  condition  of 
Slavery  or  involuntary  service,  except  as  a  punish- 
ment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been 
duly  convicted,  shall  have  the  same  right,  in  every 
State  and  Territory,  to  make  and  enforce  contracts, 
to  sue,  to  be  sued,  be  parties  and  give  evidence ;  to 
inherit,  purchase,  lease,  sell,  hold,  and  convey 
personal  property,  and  to  full  and  equal  benefit  of 
all  laws  and  proceedings  for  the  security  of  person 
and  property  as  are  enjoyed  by  white  citizens  ;  and 
shall  be  subject  to  the  like  punishment,  pains  and 
penalties,  and  to  none  other ;  any  law,  statute,  ordi- 


210  NATIONAL    HAND-EOOK. 

uaiice,  regulation,  or  custom  to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding. 

§  2.  And  that  any  person  who,  under  color  of 
any  law,  statute,  ordinance,  regulation,  or  custom, 
shall  subject,  or  cause  to  be  subjected,  any  inhabit- 
ant of  any  State  or  Territory  to  the  deprivation  of 
any  right  secured  or  protected  by  this  act,  or  to  pun- 
ishment, pains,  and  penalties,  on  account  of  such 
person  having  at  any  time  been  held  in  a  condition 
of  slavery,  or  involuntary  servitude,  except  for  the 
punishment  of  crime  whereof  the  party  shall  have 
been  duly  convicted,  or  by  the  reason  of  his  color  or 
race,  than  is  prescribed  for  the  punishment  of  white 
persons,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and,  on  conviction,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not 
exceeding  one  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisonment  not 
exceeding  one  year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court. 

§  3.  That  the  district  courts  of  the  United  States, 
within  their  respective  districts,  shall  have,  exclu- 
sively cf  the  courts  of  the  several  States,  cognizance 
of  all  crimes  and  ofiences  committed  against  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  and  also,  concurrently  with  the 
circuit  courts  of  the  United  States,  of  all  causes  civil 
and  criminal,  affecting  persons  who  are  denied,  or 
can  not  enforce  in  the  courts  of  judicial  tribunal 
of  the  State  or  locality  where  they  may  be,  any  of 


THE  CIVIL   EIGHTS  BILL.  241 

the  rights  secured  to  them  bj  the  first  section  of  this 
act ;  and  if  any  suit  or  prosecution,  civil  or  criminal, 
has  been,  or  shall  be  commenced  in  any  State  court 
against  any  such  person,  for  any  cause  whatsoever, 
civil  or  military,  or  any  other  person,  any  arrest  or 
imprisonment,  trespasses,  or  wrong  done  or  com- 
mitted by  virtue  or  under  color  of  authority  derived 
from  this  act,  or  the  act  establishing  a  bureau  for  the 
relief  of  freedmen  and  refugees,  and  all  acts  amenda- 
tory thereof,  or  for  refasing  to  do  any  act,  upon  the 
ground  that  it  would  be  inconsistent  with  this  act, 
such  defendant  shall  have  the  right  to  remove  such 
cause  for  trial  to  the  proper  district  or  circuit  court,  in 
the  manner  prescribed  by  the  act  relating  to  habeas 
corpus^  and  regulating  judicial  proceedings  in  certain 
cases,  approved  March  3,  1863,  and  all  acts  amenda- 
tory thereto.  The  jurisdiction  in  civil  and  criminal 
matters  hereby  conferred  on  the  district  and  circuit 
courts  of  the  United  States  shall  be  exercised  and 
enforced,  in  conformity  with  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  so  far  as  such  laws  are  suitable  to  carry  the 
same  into  effect;  but  in  all  cases  where  such  laws  are 
not  adapted  to  the  object,  or  are  deficient  in  the  pro- 
visions necessary  to  furnish  suitable  remedies  and 
punish  offences  against  the  law,  the  common  law,  as 
modified  and  changed  by  the  Constitution  and 
statutes  of  the  State  wherein  the  court  having  juris- 


242  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

diction  of  the  cause,  civil  or  criminal,  is  held,  so  far 
as  the  same  is  not  inconsistent  with  the  Constitution, 
and  laws  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  extended, 
and  govern  the  said  courts  in  the  trial  and  disposition 
of  such  causes,  and,  if  of  a  criminal  nature,  in  the 
infliction  of  punishment  on  the  party  found  guilty. 

§  4.  That  the  district  attorneys,  marshals,  and 
deputy  marshals,  of  the  United  States,  the  commis- 
sioners appointed  by  the  circuit  and  territorial  courts 
of  the  United  States,  with  power  of  arresting,  impris- 
oning, or  bailing  offenders  against  the  laws  of  the 
United  States,  the  officers  and  agents  of  the  Freed- 
men's  Bureau,  and  every  other  officer  who  may  be 
specially  empowered  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be,  and  they  are,  hereby  specially 
authorized  and  required,  at  the  expense  of  the  United 
States,  to  institute  proceedings  against  all  and  every 
person  who  shall  violate  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
and  cause  him  or  them  to  be  arrested  and  imprisoned, 
or  bailed,  as  the  case  may  be,  for  trial  before  such  of 
the  United  States  or  territorial  courts  as  by  this  act 
have  cognizance  of  the  offence,  and,  with  a  view  to 
affording  reasonable  protection  to  all  persons  in  their 
constitutional  rights  of  equality  before  the  law,  with- 
out distinction  of  race  or  color,  or  previous  condition 
of  slavery  or  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  pun- 
ishment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been 


THE  CIVIL   EIGHTS  BILL.  243 

duly  convicted,  and  the  prompt  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  this  act,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  circuit 
courts  of  the  United  States  and  the  superior  courts 
of  the  territories  of  the  United  States,  from  time  to 
time,  to  increase  the  number  of  Commissioners,  so  as 
to  aiford  a  speedy  and  convenient  means  for  the 
arrest  and  examination  of  persons  charged  with  a 
violation  of  this  act. 

§  5.  That  said  Commissioners  shall  have  concur- 
rent jurisdiction  with  the  judges  of  the  circuit  and 
district  courts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  judges 
of  the  superior  courts  of  the  territories,  severally  and 
collectively,  in  term  time  and  vacation,  upon  satiS' 
factory  proof  being  made,  to  issue  warrants  and 
precepts  for  arresting  and  bringing  before  them  all 
offenders  against  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and,  on 
examination,  to  discharge,  admit  to  bail,  or  commit 
them  for  trial,  as  the  facts  may  warrant. 

§  6.  And  such  Commissioners  are  hereby  author- 
ized and  required  to  exercise  and  discharge  all  the 
powers  and  duties  conferred  on  them  by  this  Act, 
and  the  same  duties  with  regard  to  offences  created 
by  this  act,  as  they  are  authorized  by  law  to  exercise 
with  regard  to  other  offences  against  the  laws  of  the 
United  States.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  mar- 
shals and  deputy  marshals  to  obey  and  execute  all 
warrants  and  precepts  issued  under  the  provisions  of 


244  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

this  act  ■when  to  them  directed,  and  should  any  mar- 
shal or  deputy  marshal  refuse  to  receive  such  war- 
rant or  other  process,  when  tendered,  or  to  use  all 
proper  means  diligently  to  execute  the  same,  he  shall 
on  conviction  thereof  be  fined  in  the  sura  of  one 
thousand  dollars,  to  the  use  of  the  person  upon 
whom  the  accused  is  alleged  to  have  committed  the 
offence ;  and  the  better  to  enable  the  said  Commis- 
sioners to  execute  their  duties  faithfully  and  effi- 
ciently, in  conformity  with  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  requirements  of  this  act,  they 
are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered,  within  their 
counties  respectively,  to  appoint,  in  writing  under 
their  hands,  one  or  more  suitable  persons,  from  time 
to  time,  to  execute  all  such  warrants  and  other  pro- 
cess as  may  be  issued  by  them  in  the  lawful  perform- 
ance of  their  respective  duties,  and  the  person  so 
appointed  to  execute  any  warrant  or  process  as  afore- 
said shall  have  authority  to  summon  and  call  to  their 
aid  the  bystanders  of  ajposse  GomitaUis  of  the  proper 
county,  or  such  portion  of  the  land  or  naval  forces  of 
the  United  States,  or  of  the  militia,  as  may  be  neces- 
sary to  the  performance  of  the  duty  with  which  they 
are  charged,  and  to  insure  a  faithful  observance  of 
the  clause  of  the  Constitution  which  prohibits 
slavery,  in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  this 
act  J  and  said  warrants  shall  run  and  be  executed  by 


THE  CIVIL  EIGHTS   BILL. 


245 


said  officers  anywhere  in  the  State   or  Territory 
within  which  they  are  issued. 

§  7.  That  any  person  who  shall  knowingly  and 
wrongfully  obstruct,  hinder  or  prevent  any  officer  or 
other  person  charged  with  the  execution  of  any  war- 
rant or  process  issued  under  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
or  any  person  or  persons  lawfully  assisting  him  or 
them,  from  arresting  any  person  for  whose  apprehen- 
sion such  warrant  or  process  may  have  been  issued  ; 
or  shall  rescue,  or  attempt  to  rescue,  such  person 
from  the  custody  of  the  officer,  other  person  or  per- 
sons, or  those  lawfully  assisting,  as  aforesaid,  when 
so  arrested,  pursuant  to  the  authority  herein  given 
and  declared  ;  or  shall  aid,  abet  or  assist  any  person 
so  arrested  as  aforesaid,  directly  or  indirectly,  to 
escape  from  the  custody  of  the  officer  or  other  per- 
sons legally  authorized,  as  aforesaid,  or  shall  harbor 
or  conceal  any  person  for  whom  a  warrant  or  process 
shall  have  been  issued  as  aforesaid,  so  as  to  prevent 
his  discovery  and  arrest  after  notice  of  knowledge  of 
the  fact  that  a  warrant  has  been  issued  for  the  appre- 
hension of  such  person,  shall  for  either  of  said 
offences  be  subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thou- 
sand dollars,  and  imprisonment  not  exceeding  six 
months,  by  indictment  before  the  district  court  of  tlie 
United  States  for  the  district  in  which  said  offence 
may  have  been  committed,  or  before  the  proper  com't 


2-16  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

of  criminal  jurisdiction,  if  committed  within  any  one 
of  the  organized  Territories  of  the  United  States. 

§  8.  That  the  district  attorneys,  the  marshals, 
their  deputies,  and  the  clerks  of  the  said  district  and 
territorial  courts,  shall  be  paid  for  their  services  the 
like  fees  as  may  be  allowed  to  them  for  similar 
services  in  other  cases ;  and  in  all  cases  where  the 
proceedings  are  before  a  Commissioner  he  shall  be 
entitled  to  a  fee  of  ten  dollars  in  full  for  his  services 
in  each  case,  inclusive  of  all  services  incident  to  such 
arrest  and  examination.  The  person  or  persons 
authorized  to  execute  the  process  to  be  issued  by  such 
Commissioners  for  the  arrest  of  offenders  against  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  fee  of  five 
dollars  for  each  person  he  or  they  may  arrest  and 
take  before  any  such  Commissioner,  as  aforesaid, 
with  such  other  fees  as  may  be  deemed  reasonable  by 
such  Commissioner  for  such  other  additional  services 
as  may  be  necessarily  performed  by  him  or  them — 
such  as  attending  at  the  examination,  keeping  the 
prisoner  in  custody,  and  providing  food  and  lodgings 
during  his  detention  and  until  the  final  determina- 
tion of  such  Commissioner,  and  in  general  for  per- 
formiug  such  other  duties  as  may  be  required  in  the 
premises,  such  fees  to  be  made  up  in  conformity  with 
the  fees  usually  charged  by  the  officers  of  the  court 
of  justice,  within  the  proper  district  or  county,  as 


THE  dVIL   EIGHTS   BILL. 


247 


near  as  practicable,  and  paid  out  of  tlie  Treasury  of 
the  United  States,  on  the  certificate  of  the  district 
within  which  the  arrest  is  made,  and  to  be  recover- 
able from  the  defendant  as  part  of  the  judgment  in 
case  of  conviction. 

§  9.  That  whenever  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  reason  to  believe  that  offences  havo 
been  or  are  likely  to  be  committed  against  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  within  any  judicial  district,  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  him,  in  his  discretion,  to  direct  the 
judge,  marshal  and  district  attorney  of  such  district 
to  attend  at  such  place  within  the  district  and  for 
such  time  as  he  may  designate,  for  the  purpose  of 
the  more  speedy  arrest  and  trial  of  persons  charged 
with  the  violation  of  this  act ;  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  every  judge  or  other  ofiicer,  when  any  such 
requisition  shall  be  received  by  him,  to  attend  at  the 
place  and  for  the  time  therein  designated. 

§  10.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  or  such  persons  as  he  may 
empower  for  that  purposCj  to  employ  such  part  of 
the  land  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States,  or  of 
the  militia,  as  shall  be  necessary  to  prevent  the  vio- 
lation and  enforce  the  due  execution  of  this  act. 

§  11.  That  upon  all  questions  of  law  arising  in  any 
cause  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  a  final  appeal 
may  be  taken  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 


248  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


FEEEDMEFS  BUEEAU  BILL, 

AS  AMENDED  AND  APPEOVED  BY  THE  XXXIXTH  OONGEESS. 

AN  ACT  to  continue  in  force  and  to  amend  "An  act  to  estab- 
lish a  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees," 
and  for  other  purposes. 

Be  it  enacted  l)y  the  Senate  and  House  of  JEtep- 
resentatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Con- 
gress assembled^  That  the  act  to  establish  a  Bureau 
for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees,  approved 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five,  shall 
continue  in  force  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  and 
after  the  passage  of  this  act. 

§  2.  And  he  it  further  enacted^  That  the  super- 
vision and  care  of  said  bureau  shall  extend  to  all 
loyal  refugees  and  freedmen,  so  far  as  the  same  shall 
be  necessary  to  enable  them  as  speedily  as  practicable 
to  become  self-supporting  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  aid  them  in  making  the  freedom  con- 


FEEEDMEN  S   BXTBEAIJ   BILL. 


249 


ferred  by  proclamation  of  the  commander-in-cliief,  by 
emancipation  under  tbe  laws  of  States,  and  by  con- 
stitutional amendment,  available  to  them  and  bene- 
ficial to  the  republic. 

§3.  And  he  it  further  enacted^  That  the  Presi- 
dent shall,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  appoint  two  assistant  commissioners  in  addi- 
tion to  those  authorized  by  the  act  to  which  this  13 
an  amendment,  who  shall  give  like  bonds  and  receive 
the  same  annual  salary  provided  in  said  act,  and 
each  of  the  assistant  commissioners  of  the  bureau 
shall  have  charge  of  one  district  containing  such  ref- 
ugees or  freedmen,  to  be  assigned  him  by  the  Com- 
missioner, with  the  approval  of  the  President.  And 
the  Commissioner  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the 
President,  and  so  far  as  the  same  shall  be,  in  his 
judgment,  necessary  for  the  efficient  and  economitjal 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  bureau,  appoint 
such  agents,  clerks,  and  assistants  as  maybe  required 
for  the  proper  conduct  of  the  bureau.  Military  offi- 
cers or  enlisted  men  may  be  detailed  for  service  and 
assigned  to  duty  under  this  act ;  and  the  President 
may,  if  in  his  judgment  safe  and  judicious  so  to  do, 
detail  from  the  army  all  the  officers  and  agents  of 
this  bureau ;  but  no  officer  so  assigned  shall  have  in- 
crease of  pay  or  allowances.  Each  agent  or  clerk, 
not  heretofore  authorized  by  law,  not  being  a  mili- 


250  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

tary  officer,  shall  have  an  annual  salary  of  not  less 
than  five  hundred  dollars,  nor  more  than  twelve  hun- 
dred dollars,  according  to  the  service  required  of  him. 
And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner,  when 
it  can  be  done  consistently  with  public  interest,  to 
appoint,  as  assistant  commissioners,  agents,  and 
clerks,  such  men  as  have  proved  their  loyalty  by 
faithful  service  in  the  armies  of  the  Union  during  the 
rebellion.  And  all  persons  appointed  to  service 
under  this  act  and  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amend- 
ment shall  be  so  far  deemed  in  the  military  service 
of  the  United  States  as  to  be  under  the  military  juris- 
diction, and  entitled  to  the  military  protection  of  the 
government  while  in  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their 
office. 

§  4.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  officers  of 
the  Yeteran  Eeserve  Corps  or  of  the  volunteer  ser- 
vice, now  on  duty  in  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  as 
assistant  commissioners,  agents,  medical  officers,  or  in 
other  capacities,  whose  regiments  or  corps  have  been 
or  may  hereafter  be  mustered  out  ot  service,  may  be 
retained  upon  such  ^uty  as  officers  of  said  bureau, 
with  the  same  compensation  as  is  now  provided  by 
law  for  their  respective  grades ;  and  the  Secretary  of 
War  shall  have  power  to  fill  vacancies  until  other 
officers  can  be  detailed  in  their  places  without  detri- 
ment to  the  public  service. 


FEEEDMEN  S  BTJEEAU  BILL. 


251 


§  5.  And  1)6  it  further  enacted^  That  tlic  second 
section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment 
shall  be  deemed  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
issue  such  medical  stores  or  other  supplies  and  trans- 
portation, and  afford  such  medical  or  other  aid  as 
may  be  needful  for  the  purpose  named  in  said  sec- 
tion :  Provided^  That  no  person  shall  be  deemed 
"  destitute,"  "  suffering,"  or  "  dependent  upon  the 
government  for  support,"  within  the  meaning  of  this 
act,  who  is  able  to  find  employm.ent,  and  could,  by 
proper  industry  and  exertion,  avoid  such  destitution, 
suffering,  or  dependence. 

§  6.  Whereas,  by  the  provisions  of  an  act  ap- 
proved February  sixth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
three,  entitled  "An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled 
'  An  act  for  the  collection  of  direct  taxes  in  insurrec- 
tionary districts  within  the  United  States,  and  for 
other  purposes,'  approved  June  seventh,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-two,"  certain  lands  in  the  parishes  of 
Saint  Helena  and  Saint  Luke,  South  Carolina,  were 
bid  in  by  the  United  States  at  public  tax  sales,  and 
by  the  limitation  of  said  act  the  time  of  redemption 
of  said  lands  has  expired ;  and  whereas,  in  accord- 
ance with  instructions  issued  by  President  Lincoln 
on  the  sixteenth  day  of  September,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-three,  to  the  United  States  direct  tax  com 
missiouers  for  South  Carolina,  certain  lands  bid  in  by 


252  NATIONAL    HAJVTD-BOOK. 

the  United  States  in  tlie  parisla  of  Saint  Helena,  in 
said.  State,  were  in  part  sold  by  the  said  tax  commis- 
sioners to  "  heads  of  families  of  the  African  race,"  in 
parcels  of  not  more  than  twenty  acres  to  each  pur- 
chaser ;  and  wliereas,  under  the  said  instructions,  the 
said  tax  commissioners  did  also  set  apart  as  "  school 
farms  "  certain  parcels  of  land  in  said  parish,  num- 
bered on  their  plats  from  one  to  thirty-three,  inclu- 
sive, making  an  aggregate  of  six  thousand  acres,  more 
or  less :  Therefore^  he  it  further  enacted^  That  the 
sales  made  to  "  heads  of  families  of  the  African  race," 
under  the  instructions  of  President  Lincoln  to  the 
United  States  direct  tax  commissioners  for  South 
Carolina,  of  date  of  September  sixteenth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-three,  are  hereby  confirmed  and 
established ;  and  all  leases  which  have  been  made  to 
such  "  heads  of  families,"  by  said  direct  tax  commis- 
sioners, shall  be  changed  into  certificates  of  sale  in 
all  cases  wherein  the  lease  provides  for  such  substitu- 
tion ;  and  all  the  lands  jiow  remaing  unsold,  which 
come  within  the  same  designation,  being  eight  thou- 
sand acres,  more  or  less,  shall  be  disposed  of  accord- 
ing to  said  insti'uetions. 

§  Y.  And  l)e  it  further  enacted,  That  all  other 
lands  bid  in  by  the  United  States  at  tax  sales,  being 
thirty-eight  thousand  acres,  more  or  less,  and  now  in 
the  hands  of  the  said  tax  commissioners  as  the  prop- 


FEEEDMESr's   BUKEAU   BILL. 


253 


erty  of  the  United  States,  in  the  parishes  of  Saint 
Helena  and  Saint  Luke,  excepting  the  "  school  farms," 
as  specified  in  the  preceding  section,  and  so  much  as 
may  be  necessary  for  military  and  naval  purposes  at 
Hilton  Head,  Bay  Point,  and  Land's  End,  and  ex- 
cepting also  the  city  of  Port  Royal,  on  Saint  Helena 
island,  and  the  town  of  Beaufort,  shall  be  disposed 
of  in  parcels  of  twenty  acres,  at  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  acre,  to  such  persons,  and  to  such  only,  as 
have  acquired  and  are  now  occupying  lands  under 
and  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  General  Sher- 
man's special  field  order,  dated  at  Savannah,  Georgia, 
January  sixteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five, 
and  the  remaining  lands,  if  any,  shall  be  disposed  of 
in  like  manner  to  such  persons  as  had  acquired  lands 
agreeably  to  the  said  order  of  General  Sherman,  but 
who  have  been  dispossessed  by  the  restoration  of  the 
same  to  former  owners :  Provided,  That  the  lands 
sold  in  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  this  and  the 
preceding  section  shall  not  be  alienated  by  their  pur- 
chasers within  six  years  from  and  after  the  passage 
of  this  act. 

§  8.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  the  "  scliool 
farms  "  in  the  parish  of  Saint  Helena,  South  Caro- 
lina, shall  be  sold,  subject  to  any  leases  of  the  same, 
by  the  said  tax  commissioners,  at  public  auction,  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  January,  eighteen  hundred 


25i  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

and  sixty-seven,  at  not  less  than  ten  dollars  per  acre, 
and  the  lots  in  the  city  of  Port  Royal,  as  laid  down 
by  the  said  tax  commissioners,  and  the  lots  and 
houses  in  the  town  of  Beaufort,  which  are  still  held 
in  like  manner,  shall  be  sold  at  public  auction ;  and 
the  proceeds  of  said  sales,  after  paying  expenses  of 
the  surveys  and  sales,  shall  be  invested  in  United 
States  bonds,  the  interest  of  which  shall  be  appropri- 
ated, under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioner,  to  the 
support  of  schools,  without  distinction  of  color  or 
race,  on  the  islands  in  the  parishes  of  Saint  Helena 
and  Saint  Luke. 

§  9.  And  he  it  further  enacted^  That  the  assistant 
commissioners  for  South  Carolina  and  Georma  are 
hereby  authorized  to  examine  all  claims  to  lands  in 
their  respective  States  which  are  claimed  under  the 
provisions  of  General  Sherman's  special  field  order, 
and  to  give  each  person  having  a  valid  claim  a  war- 
rant upon  the  direct  tax  commissioners  for  South  Car- 
olina for  twenty  acres  of  land,  and  the  said  direct 
tax  commissioners  shall  issue  to  every  person,  or  to 
his  or  her  lieirs,  but  in  no  case  to  any  assigns,  pre- 
senting such  warrant,  a  lease  of  twenty  acres  of  land, 
as  provided  for  in  section  7,  for  the  term  of  six  years ; 
but  at  any  time  thereafter,  upon  the  payment  of  a 
sum  not  exceeding  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  acre, 
the  person  holding  such  lease  shall  be  entitled  to  a 


FEEEDMEN  S   ETJEEAU   BILL. 


255 


certificate  of  sale  of  said  tract  of  twenty  acres  from 
the  direct  tax  commissioner  or  such  officer  as  m;iy  be 
authorized  to  issue  the  same;  but  no  warrant  shall 
be  held  valid  longer  than  two  years  after  the  issue 
of  the  same. 

§  10.  A7id  he  it  further  enacted^  That  the  direct 
tax  commissioners  for  South  Carolina  are  hereby  au- 
thorized and  required  at  the  earliest  day  practicable 
to  survey  the  laiids  designated  in  section  7  into  lots 
of  twenty  acres  each,  with  proper  metes  and  bounds 
distinctly  marked,  so  that  the  several  tracts  shall  be 
convenient  in  form,  and  as  near  as  practicable  have 
an  average  of  fertility  and  woodland;  and  the 
expense  of  such  surveys  shall  be  paid  from  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  sales  of  said  lands,  or,  if  sooner  required, 
out  of  any  moneys  received  for  other  lands  on  these 
islands,  sold  by  the  United  States  for  taxes,  and  now 
in  the  hands  of  the  direct  tax  commissioners. 

§  11.  And  le  it  further  enacted,  That  restoration 
of  lands  occupied  by  freedmen  under  General  Sher- 
man's field  order,  dated  at  Savannah,  Georgia,  Jan- 
uary sixteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five,  shall 
not  be  made  until  after  the  crops  of  the  present  year 
shall  have  been  gathered  by  the  occupants  of  said, 
lands,  nor  until  a  fair  compensation  shall  have  been 
made  to  them  by  the  former  owners  of  such  lands  or 
their  legal  representatives  for  all  improvements  or 


256  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

betterments  erected  or  constructed  thereon,  and  after 
due  notice  of  tlie  same  being  done  shall  have  been 
given  bj  the  assistant  commissioner. 

§  12.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Com- 
missioner shall  have  power  to  seize,  hold,  use,  lease, 
or  sell  all  buildings  and  tenements,  and  any  lands 
appertaining  to  the  same,  or  otherwise,  formerly  held 
under  color  of  title  by  the  late  so-called  Confederate 
States,  and  not  heretofore  disposed  of  by  the  United 
States,  and  any  buildings  or  lands  held  in  trust  for 
the  same  by  any  person  or  persons,  and  to  use  the 
same  or  appropriate  the  proceeds  derived  therefrom 
to  the  education  of  the  freed  people ;  and  whenever 
the  bureau  shall  cease  to  exist,  such  of  said  so-called 
Confederate  States  as  shall  have  made  provision  for 
the  education  of  their  citizens  without  distinction  of 
color  shall  receive  the  sum  remaining  unexpended  of 
such  sales  or  rentals,  which  shall  be  distributed 
among  said  States  for  educational  purposes  in  pro- 
portion to  their  population. 

§  13.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Com- 
missioner of  this  bureau  shall  at  all  times  co-operate 
with  private  benevolent  associations  of  citizens  in 
aid  of  freedmen,  and  with  agents  and  teachers,  duly 
accredited  and  appointed  by  them,  and  shall  hire  or 
provide  by  lease  buildings  for  purposes  of  education 
whenever  such  associations  shall,  without  cost  to  the 


FEEEDMEN  S  BUEEATJ  BILL. 


257 


government,  provide  suitable  teachers  and  means  of 
instructidns ;  and  lie  shall  furnish  such  protection  as 
may  be  required  for  the  safe  conduct  of  such  schools. 
§  14.  And  he  it  further  enacted^  That  in  every 
State  or  district  where  the  ordinary  course  of  judicial 
proceedings  has  been  interrupted  \y^  the  rebellion, 
and  until  the  same  shall  be  fully  restored,  and  in 
every  State  or  district  whose  constitutional  relations 
to  the  government  have  been  practically  discontinued 
by  the  rebellion,  and  until  such  State  shall  have  been 
restored  in  such  relations,'  and  shall  be  duly  repre- 
sented in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  the  right 
to  make  and  enforce  contracts,  to  sue,  be  parties,  and 
give  evidence,  to  inherit,  purchase,  lease,  sell,  hold, 
and  convey  real  and  personal  property,  and  to  have 
full  and  equal  benefit  of  all  laws  and  proceedings 
concerning  personal  liberty,  personal  security,  and 
the  acquisition,  enjoyment,  and  disposition  of  estate, 
real  and  personal,  including  the  constitutional  right 
to  bear  arms,  shall  be  secured  to  and  enjoyed  by  all 
the  citizens  of  such  State  or  district  without  respect 
to  race  or  color,  or  previous  condition  of  slavery. 
And  whenever  in  either  of  said  States  or  districts  the 
ordinary  course  of  judicial  proceedings  has  been  inter- 
rupted by  the  rebellion,  and  until  the  same  shall  be 
fully  restored,  and  until  such  State  shall  have  been 
restored  in  its  constitutional  relations  to  the  govern- 


258  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

inent,  and  shall  be  duly  represented  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  the  President  shall,  through  the 
Commissioner  and  the  officers  of  the  bureau,  and 
under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  President, 
through  the  Secretary  of  War,  shall  prescribe,  extend 
military  protection  and  have  military  jurisdiction 
over  all  cases  and  questions  concerning  the  free  en- 
joyment of  such  immunities  and  rights,  and  no  pen- 
alty or  punishment  for  any  violation  of  law  shall  be 
imposed  or  permitted  because  of  race  or  color,  or 
previous  condition  of  slaverj^,  other  or  greater  than 
the  penalty  or  punishment  to  which  white  persons 
may  be  liable  by  law  for  the  like  offence.  But  the 
jurisdiction  conferred  by  this  section  upon  the  offi- 
cers of  the  bureau  shall  not  exist  in  any  State  where 
the  ordinary  course  of  judicial  proceedings  has  not 
been  interrripted  by  the  rebellion,  and  shall  cease  in 
every  State  when  the  courts  of  the  State  and  of  the 
United  States  are  not  disturbed  in  the  peaceable 
course  of  justice,  and  after  such  State  shall  be  fully 
restored  in  its  constitutional  relations  to  the  govern- 
ment, and  shall  be  duly  represented  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States. 

§  15.  And  1)6  it  further  enacted^  That  all  officers, 
agents,  and  employes  of  this  bureau,  before  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  their  office,  shall  take  the  oath 
prescribed  in  the  first  section  of  the  act  to  which  this 


FEEEDMEn's  BUREAtr  BILL.  259 

is  an  amendment ;  and  all  acts  or  parts  of  acts  incon- 
sistent with  the  provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby 
repealed. 

ScHUYLEE  Colfax, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
Lafayette  S.  Fostek, 
President  of  Senate  pro  tertvpore. 

In  tbde  House  of  Repeesentatives  United  States, 

Jvly  16,  1866. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  having 
retm-ned  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  in  which 
it  originated,  the  bill  entitled  "  An  act  to  continue  in 
force  and  to  amend  '  An  act  to  establish  a  Bureau  for 
the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees,'  and  for  other 
purposes,"  with  his  objections  thereto,  the  House  of 
Representatives  proceeded,  in  pursuance  of  the  Con- 
stitution to  reconsider  the  same ;  and 

Resolved^  That  the  said  bill  pass,  two-thirds  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  agreeing  to  pass  the 
same. 

Attest:  Edwaed  McPheesokt, 

Clerk  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States. 

In  Senate  of  the  United  States, 

July  16,  1866. 

The  Senate  having  proceeded,  in  pursuance  of 

the  Constitution,  to  reconsider  the  bill  entitled  "  An 


260  NATIONAL    HAND-EOOK. 

act  to  continue  in  force  and  to  amend  'An  act  to 
establish  a  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and 
Refugess,'  and  for  other  purposes,"  returned  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  with  his  objections,  and  sent  by  the 
House  of  Representatives  to  the  Senate  vp^ith  the  mes- 
sage of  the  President  returning  the  bill — 

Resolved^  That  the  bill  do  pass,  two-thirds  of  the 
Senate  agreeing  to  pass  the  same. 

Attest :  J.  "W.  Foenet, 

Secretary  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States, 


PKOVOST  makshall-genekal's  eeport.       261 


PEOVOST  MAESHAL-GENERAL'S  EEPOET. 


SHOWINa  THE  NUMBER  OF  MEN  ENLISTED,  NtTMBEE  OF  KILLED, 
WOUNDED,  AND  DEATHS  FEOM  DISEASE,  DUEINft  THB 
REBELLION. 


Washington,  D.  C,  Friday,  April  27,  1866. 

The  following  is  a  condensed  summary  of  the 
results  of  tlie  operations  of  this  bureau,  from  its  or- 
ganization to  the  close  of  the  war. 

1.  By  means  of  a  full  and  exact  enrollment  of  all 
persons  liable  to  conscription,  under  the  law  of 
March  3  and  its  amendments,  a  complete  exhibit  of 
the  military  resources  of  the  loyal  States,  in  men, 
was  made,  showing  an  aggregate  number  of 
2,254,063,  not  including  1,000,516  soldiers  actually 
under  arms,  when  hostilities  ceased. 

2.  One  million  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
six  hundred  and  twenty-one  men  were  raised,  at  an 
average  cost  (on  account  of  recruitment  exclusive  of 


262  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

bounties,)  of  $9.84  per  man,  while  the  cost  of  recruit- 
ing of  1,356,593  raised  prior  to  the  organization  of 
the  Bureau  was  $34.01  per  man.  A  saving  of  over 
seventy  cents  on  the  dollar  in  the  cost  of  raising 
troops  was  thus  effected  under  this  Bureau,  notwith- 
standing the  increase  in  the  price  of  subsistence, 
transportation,  rents,  &c.,  during  the  last  two  years 
of  the  war.  (Item :  The  number  above  given  does 
not  embrace  the  naval  credits  allowed  under  the 
eighth  section  of  the  act  of  July  4,  1864,  nor  credits 
for  drafted  men  who  paid  commutation,  the  recruits 
for  the  regular  army,  nor  the  credits  allowed  by  the 
Adjutant-General  subsequent  to  May  25,  1865,  for 
naen  raised  prior  to  that  date.) 

3.  Seventy-six  thousand  five  hundred  and  twenty- 
six  deserters  were  arrested  and  returned  to  the  army. 
The  vigilance  and  energy  of  the  officers  of  the  Bu- 
reau, in  this  line  of  the  business,  put  an  effectual 
check  to  the  wide-spread  evil  of  desertion,  which,  at 
one  timCy  impaired  so  seriously  the  numerical 
strength  and  efficiency  of  the  army. 

4.  The  quotas  of  men  furnished  by  the  various 
parts  of  the  country  were  equalized,  and  a  propor- 
tionate share  of  military  service  secured  from  each, 
thus  removing  the  very  serious  inequality  of  recruit- 
ment, which  had  arisen  during  the  first  two  years  of 
the  war,  and  which,  when  the  bureau  was  organized, 


PEOvosT  maeshall-genekal's  eepoet.       263 

had  become  an  almost  insuperable  obstacle  to  the 
further  progress  of  raising  troops. 

5.  Records  were  completed  showing  minutely  the 
physical  condition  of  1,014,776  of  the  men  examined, 
^nd  tables  of  great  scientiJfic  and  professional  value 
have  been  compiled  from  this  data. 

6.  The  casualties  in  the  entire  military  force  of 
the  nation  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  as  shown 
by  the  official  muster-rolls  and  monthly  returns, 
have  been  compiled  with,  in  part,  this  result : 

KILLED  IN  ACTION  OR  DIED  OF  WOUNDS  WHILE  IN  SEETTCE. 

Commissioned  officers 5,221 

Enlisted  men 90,868 

DIED  FROM  DISEASE  OR  ACCIDENT. 

Commissioned  officers 2,321 

Enlisted  men 182,329 

Total  loss  in  service 280,739 

These  figures  have  been  carefully  compiled  from 
the  complete  official  file  of  muster-rolls  and  monthly 
returns,  but  yet  entire  accuracy  is  not  claimed  for 
them,  as  errors  and  omissions  to  some  extent  doubt- 
less prevailed  in  the  rolls  and  returns.  Deaths  (from 
wounds  or  disease  contracted  in  service)  which  oc- 


264  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

curred  after  the  men  left  the  army  are  not  included 
in  these  figures. 

7.  The  system  of  recruitment  established  by  the 
Bureau,  under  the  laws  of  Congress,  if  permanently 
adopted,  (with  such  improvement  as  experience  may 
suggest,)  will  be  capable  of  maintaining  the  numer- 
ical strength  and  improving  the  character  of  the 
army  in  time  of  peace,  or  of  promptly  and  econom- 
ically rendering  available  the  N^ational  forces  to  any 
required  extent  in  time  of  war. 


THE    UNITED    STATES    ARMY. 


2G5 


THE  imiTED  STATES  AEMT  DUEING  THE  GREAT  CIVIL  WAR 

OF  1861-Go. 

The    following    statement    shows    the  number   of   men 
furnished  by  each  State : 

Men  furnished!  >     Aggregate   Ko. 

under      Act     ofi    Aggregate    No.  of  nienfurnishM 
STATES.  April     lf5,    186lJof  men  f'urnish'd  under    all   calls, 

for  75,000  miUtia  under  all  calls,      reduced  to  the  3 
for  3  months.       I  years'    standard. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire . . . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

"West  Virjiuiia 

District  of  Columbia 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illifliois 

Michigan 

Wisconson 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Kansas 

Tennessee 

Arkansas  

North  Carolina 

California 

Nevada 

Oregon  

Washington  Ter'ty. 

Nebraska 

Colorado 

Dakota 

New  Mexico 

Total 


71.745 
S4,60o 
85,246 

151,785 
23,711 
57,270 

464,156 
79,511 

366,326 
13,651 
49,731 
32,003 
16,872 

317,133 

195,147 

258,217 
90,119 
96,118 
25,034 
75,860 

108,773 
78,540 
20,097 
12,077 


7,451 
216 
617 
895 

1,279 

1,702 
181 

2,395 


56,595 

30,827 

29.052 

123,844 

17,878 

50,514 

381,696 

55,785 

267,558 

10,303 

40,692 

27,653 

11,506 

237,976 

152,283 

212,694 

80,865 

78,985 

19,675 

68,182 

86,192 

70,348 

18,654 

12,077 


7,451 
216 
581 
895 
380 

1,762 
181 

1,011 

2,154,311 


2G6  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


HISTOEY   OF  THE  FLAG. 

BT   A   DISTINGUISHED   HISTOEIAN. 

Men,  in  the  aggregate,  demand  something  besides 
abstract  ideas  and  principles.  Hence  the  desire  for 
symbols — something  visible  to  the  eye  and  that  ap- 
peals to  the  senses.  Every  nation  has  a  flag  that 
represents  the  country — every  army  a  common  ban- 
ner, which,  to  the  soldier,  stands  for  that  army.  It 
speaks  to  him  in  the  din  of  battle,  cheers  him  in  the 
long  and  tedious  march,  and  pleads  with  him  on  the 
disastrous  retreat. 

Standards  were  originally  carried  on  a  pole  or 
lance.  It  matters  little  what  they  may  be,  for  the 
symbol  is  the  same. 

In  ancient  times  the  Hebrew  tribes  had  each  its 
own  standard — that  of  Ephraim,  for  instance,  was  a 
steer;  of  Benjamin,  a  wolf.  Among  the  Greeks,  the 
Athenians  had  an  owl,  and  the  Thebans  a  sphynx. 
The  standard  of  Romulus  was  a  bundle  of  hay  tied  to 
A  pole,  afterwards  a  human  hand,  and  finally  an  eaele. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   FLAG. 


267 


Eigles  were  at  first  made  of  wood,  then  of  silver,  with 
thunderbolts  of  gold.  Under  Caesar  they  were  all 
gold,  without  thunderbolts,  and  were  carried  on  a 
long  pike.  The  Germans  formerly  fastened  a 
streamer  to  a  lance,  which  the  duke  carried  in  front 
of  the  army.  Russia  and  Austria  adopted  the  double 
headed  eagle.  The  ancient  national  flag  of  England, 
all  know,  was  the  banner  of  St.  George,  a  white  field 
with  a  red  cross.  This  was  at  first  used  in  the  Col- 
onies, but  several  changes  were  afterwards  made. 

Of  course,  when  they  separated  from  the  mother 
country,  it  was  necessary  to  have  a  distinct  flag  of 
their  own,  and  the  Continental  Congress  appointed 
Dr.  Tranklin,  Mr.  Lynch,  and  Mr.  Harrison,  a  com- 
mittee to  take  the  subject  into  consideration.  They 
repaired  to  the  American  army,  a  little  over  9,000 
strong,  then  assembled  at  Cambridge,  and  after  due 
consideration,  adopted  one  composed  of  seven  white 
and  seven  red  stripes,  with  the  red  and  white  crosses 
of  St.  George  and  St.  Andrew,  conjoined  on  a  blue 
field  in  the  corner,  and  named  it  "The  Great  Union 
Flag."  The  crosses  of  St.  George  and  St.  Andrew 
were  retained  to  show  the  willingness  of  the  colonies 
to  return  to  their  allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  if 
their  rights  were  secured.  This  flag  was  first  hoisted 
on  the  first  day  of  January,  1776.  In  the  meantime, 
the  various  colonies  had  adopted  distinctive  badges, 


208  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

BO  that  the  different  bodies  of  troops,  that  flocked  'o 
the  army,  had  each  its  own  banner.     In  Connecticut, 
each  regiment  had  its  own   peculiar  standard,   on 
which  were  represented  the  arms  of  the  colony,  with 
tlie  motto,  "  Qui  transtulit  sustinet  " — (he  who  trans- 
planted us  will  sustain  us.)     The  one  that  Putnam 
gave  to  the  breeze  on  Prospect  Hill  on  the  18th  of 
July,  1775,  was  a  red  flag,  with  this  motto  on  one 
side,  and  on  the  other,  the  words  inscribed,   "  An 
appeal  to  Heaven,"     That  of  the  floating  batteries 
was  a  white   ground   with   the   same  "Appeal   to 
Heaven  "  upon  it.   It  is  supposed  that  at  Bunker  Hill 
our  troops  carried  a  red  flag,  with  a  pine  tree  on  a 
white  field  in  the  corner.    The  first  flag  in  South  Car- 
olina  was  blue,  with  a  crescent  in  the  corner,  and 
received  its  first  baptism  under  Moultrie.     In  1776, 
Col.  Gadsen  presented  to  Congress  a  flag  to  be  used 
by  the  navy,  which  consisted  of  a  rattle-snake  on  a 
yellow  ground,  with  thirteen  rattles,  and  coiled  to 
strike.    The  motto  was,  "  Don't  tread  on  me.''   "  The 
Great  Union  Flag,"  as  described  above,  without  the 
crosses,  and   sometimes   with  the   rattle-snake   and 
motto,  "  Don't  tread  on  me,"  was  used  as  a  naval 
flag,  and  called  the  "  Continental  Flag," 

As  the  war  progressed,  different  regiments  and 
corps  adopted  peculiar  flags,  by  which  they  were 
designated.     The  troops  which  Patrick  Henry  raised 


HISTOKY    OF   THE   FLAG. 


269 


and  called  the  "  Culpepper  Minute  Men,"  liad  a 
banner  with  a  rattle-snake  on  it,  a,nd  the  mottoes, 
"  Don't  tread  on  me,"  and  "  Liberty  or  death,"  to- 
gether with  their  name,  Morgan's  celebrated  rifle- 
men, called  the  "  Morgan  Rifles,"  not  only  had  a 
peculiar  uniform,  but  a  flag  of  their  own,  on  which 
was  inscribed,  "  XI.  Yirginia  Kegiment,"  and  the 
words,  "  Morgan's  Rifle  Corps."  On  it  was  also  the 
date,  1776,  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  laurel. 
Wherever  this  banner  floated,  the  soldiers  knew  that 
deadly  work  was  being  done. 

When  the  gallant  Pulaski  was  raising  a  body  of 
cavalry,  in  Baltimore,  the  nuns  of  Bethlehem  sent 
him  a  banner  of  crimson  silk,  with  emblems  on  it, 
wrought  by.  their  own  hands.  That  of  Washington's 
Life  Guard  was  made  of  white  silk,  with  various 
devices  upon  it,  and  the  motto,  "  Conquer  or  die." 

It  doubtless  always  will  be  customary  in  this 
country,  during  a  war,  for  different  regiments  to  have 
flags  presented  to  them  with  various  devices  upon 
them.  It  was  so  during  the  recent  war,  but  as  the 
stars  and  stripes  supplant  them  all,  so  in  our  revolu- 
tionary struggle,  the  "  Great  Union  Flag,"  which 
was  raised  in  Cambridge,  took  the  place  of  all  others 
and  became  the  flag  of  the  American  army. 

But  in  1777,  Congress,  on  the  19th  day  of  June, 
■passed  the  following  resolution :    "  Resolved^  That 


270  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

the  flag  of  the  thirteen  United  States  be  thirteen 
stripes,  alternate  red  and  white,  that  the  union  be 
thirteen  stars,  white,  in  a  bkie  field,  representing  a 
new  constellation."  A  constellation,  however,  could 
not  well  be  represented  on  a  flag,  and  so  it  was 
changed  into  a  circle  of  stars,  to  represent  harmony 
and  union.  Red  is  supposed  to  represent  courage, 
white,  integrity  of  purpose,  and  blue,  steadfastness, 
love,  and  faith.  This  flag,  however,  was  not  used 
till  the  following  autumn,  and  waved  first  over  the 
memorable  battle  field  of  Saratoga. 

Thus  our  flag  was  born,  which  to-day  is  known, 
respected,  and  feared  round  the  entire  globe.  In 
1794  it  received  a  slight  modification,  evidently 
growing  out  of  the  intention  at  that  time  of  Congress 
to  add  a  new  stripe  with  every  additional  State  that 
came  into  the  Union,  for  it  passed  that  year  the  fol- 
lowing resolution :  ''*' Resolved^  That  from  and  after 
the  1st  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  1795,  the  flag  of 
the  United  States  be  fifteen  stripes,  alternate  red  and 
wliite.  That  the  union  be  fifteen  stars,  white,  in  a 
blue  field."  In  1818,  it  was  by  another  resolution 
of  Congress,  changed  back  into  thirteen  stripes,  with 
twenty-one  stars,  in  which  it  was  provided  that  a 
new  star  should  be  added  to  the  union  on  the  admis- 
sion of  each  new  State.  That  resolution  has  never 
been  rescinded,  till  now  thirty-six  stars  blaze  on  our 


HISTORY   OF   THE   FLAG.  271 

banner.  The  symbol  of  our  nationality,  the  record 
of  our  glory,  it  has  become  dear  to  the  heart  of  the 
people.  On  the  sea  and  on  the  land  its  history  has 
been  one  to  swell  the  heart  with  pride.  The  most 
beautiful  flag  in  the  world  in  its  appearance,  it  is 
stained  by  no  disgrace,  for  it  has  triumphed  in  every 
struggle.  Through  three  wars  it  bore  us  on  to  vic- 
tory, and  in  this  last  terrible  struggle  against  treason, 
though  baptized  in  the  blood  of  its  own  children,  not 
a  star  has  been  effaced,  and  it  still  waves  over  a 
united  nation. 

Whenever  the  "  Star-Spangled  Banner  "  is  sung, 
the  spontaneous  outburst  of  the  vast  masses,  as  the 
chorus  is  reached,  shows  what  a  hold  that  flag  has  on 
the  popular  heart.  It  not  only  represents  our  nation- 
ality, but  it  is  the  jpeojolis  flag.  It  led  them  on  to 
freedom — it  does  something  more  than  appeal  to 
their  pride  as  a  symbol  of  national  greatness — ^it 
appeals  to  their  affections  as  a  friend  of  their  dearest 
rights.  We  cannot  better  close  this  short  history  of 
our  flag  than  by  appending  the  following  stirring 
poem  of  Drake : 

When  freedom  from  her  mountain  height 

Unfurled  her  standard  to  the  air, 
She   tore  the   azure  robes   of  night, 

And  set  the  stars  of  glory  there  1 


272  NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

She  mingled  with  its  gorgeous   dyes 
The   milky  baldric   of  the   skies, 
And  striped  its   pure   celestial   white 
With   streaklngs   of  the  morning  light; 
Then,    from  his  mansion  in  the   sun, 
She  called  her  eagle-bearer  down, 
And   gave   mto   his  mighty    hand 
The  symbol  of  her  chosen  land ! 

Majestic  monarch  of  the  cloud 

Who  rear'st  aloft   thy  regal  form, 
To  hear  the  tempest  trumping  loud 
And  see  the  hghtning   lances  driven, 

When  strive  the  warriors  of  the  storm* 
And  rolls   the  thunder   drum  of  heaven, 
Child  of  the  sun!    to  thee  'tis  given 

To  guard  the  banner  of  the  free  ; 
To  hover  in   the  sulphur   smoke. 
To  ward  away  the  battle  stroke ; 
And  bid  its  blendings   shine   afar, 
Like  rainbows  on  the  cloud  of  war — 

The  harbinger   of  victory! 

Flag  of  the  brave!    thy  folds  shall  fly, 
The   sign   of  hope   and  triumph  high, 
W"hen   speaks   the  signal   trumpet  tone, 
And   the  long  line   comes  gleaming   on, 
(Ere  yet   the  life-blood,    warm   and  wet, 
Hath   dimmed  the   glittering  bayonet,) 
Each   soldier's  eye   shall  brightly  turn 
To   where   thy   sky-born   glories  burn, 


HISTOET   OF   THE   FLAG.  273 

And,    as  his  springjaig   steps   advance, 

Catch  war   and  vengeance   from   the   glance  ; 

And   when   the   cannon's  mouthings  loud 

Heave  in   wild  wreaths  the  battle   shroud, 

And  gory   sabres  rise   and   fall, 

Like   shoots   of  flame   on  midnight's  pall ; 

Then   shall  thy   meteor  glances  glow, 

And   cowering  foes   shall  shrink  beneath 
Each  gallant  arm   that   strikes  below 

That  lovely   messenger   of  death. 

Flag  of  the  seas !    on   ocean   wave 
Thy   stars  shall  glitter   o'er   the   brave, 
When  death,    careering  on  the  gale, 
Sweeps   darkly  round  the  bellied   sail. 
And  frightened  waves  rush  wildly  back, 
Before  the  broadside's  reeling  rack. 
Each  dying  wanderer  of  the  sea. 
Shall  look  at  once  to  heaven   and  thee, 
And  smile  to  see  thy  splendor  fly, 
In  triumph   o'er  his   closing   eye. 

Flag  of  the  free,   heart's  hope  and  home  t 

By   angel  hands  to   valor  given ; 
Thy   stars  have  lit  the  welkin   dome, 

And  all  thy  hues  were  born   in  heaven  I 
Forever  float  that  standard  sheet  1 

"Where  breathes  the  foe  but  falls  before  us? 
With  Freedom's  soU  beneath  our  feet, 
And  Freedom's  banner  streaming  o'er  us  ? 


12* 


274:  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


IMPOETANT  EVENTS  OF  THE  KEBELLION. 

For  a  Chronology  of  Battles,  see  page  280. 


1§59. 

Oct.  16.  John  Brown  and  fifteen  white  men  and  five  negroes 
seize  the  arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  kill  four  of  the  in- 
habitants. 

Oct.  17.  The  militia  and  Federal  troops  besiege  Brown  and 
his  men  in  the  armory. 

Oct.  18.  The  armory  captured  by  Colonel  R.  E.  Lee  (now 
General).  Twelve  of  Brown's  men  killed.  Brown  and 
four  men  taken  prisoners. 

Nov.  30.  South  Carolina  Legislature  offer  resolutions,  that 
she  i3  ready  to  enter  with  other  States  into  the  formation 
of  a  Southern  Confederacy. 

Dec.  2.  John  Brown  and  two  negroes  hung  at  Charlestown, 
Va. 

1860. 

April  23.  The  Democratic  National  Convention  assemble  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  and  adjourn  to  meet  at  Baltimore,  June 
18.  The  Southern  Delegates  secede,  and  meet  at  same 
time  and  place. 


IMPORTANT   EVENTS    OF   THE   KEBELLION.  275 

Mdy  9.  The  Constitutional  Union  Convention  meet  at  Balti- 
more, and  nominate  John  Bell  for  President,  and  Edward 
Everett  for  Vice-President. 
May  18.    The  Eepublican  Convention   at   Chicago  nominate 
Abraham  Lincoln  for  President,  and  Hannibal  Hamlin  for 
Vice-President. 
June  23.  The  ISTational  Democratic  Convention  at  Baltimore 
nominate  Douglas  and  Fitzpatrick.     The  Seceders  nom- 
inate Breckinridge  and  Lane. 
Dec.  5.  The  U.  S.  Treasury  suspends  specie  payment. 
"   20.  South  Carolina  "  Ordinance  of  Secession  "  passed. 
1§61. 
Jan.  9.  Mississippi  "  u  u 

"  11.  Alabama  «  "  «  '  ' . 

"  11.  Florida  "  "  « 

"  19.  Georgia  "  "  " 

"  26.  Louisiana  "  " 

"  21.  Jefferson  Davis,  of  Mississippi,  vs^ithdraws   from   the 

U.  S.  Senate. 
"  29.  Secretary  Dix's  despatch  to  ISTew  Orleans,  "  If  any  one 
attempts  to  haul  down  the  American  flag,  shoot  him  on 
the  spot."  •  .   . 

Feb.  1.  Texas  Ordinance  of  Secession  passed. 
"     9.  Jefferson  Davis  and  A.  H.  Stephens  elected  President 
and  Vice-President  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  by  the 
Convention  at  Montgomery,  Ala. 
April  12.    Bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter — the  first  gun  fired 
of  the  RebeUion — ^^nohody  hurV^ 
"     15.  President  Lincoln   calls   for   75,000  three   months' 

volunteers. 
"     16.  The  Confederate  Grovernment  calls  for  32,000  men. 


276  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

AjDril  16.  Virginia  "  Ordinance  of  Secession  "  passed  in  secret 
session. 
"     16.    N.  Y.  Legislature  appropriates  $3,000,000  for  war 

purposes. 
'     17.  Jefferson  Davis  grants  letters  of  marque. 
"     19.  Sixth  Massachusetts    Regiment   mobbed   in   Balti- 
more -while  en  route  to  Washington. 
"     19.  President  Lincoln  orders  the  blockade  of  Southern 

ports. 
"     26.  Governor  Brown,  of  Georgia,  by  proclamation,  pro- 
hibits the  payment  of  all  debts  to  Northern  creditors  till 
the  end  of  hostilities. 
May  6.  Arkansas  "  Ordinance  of  Secession  "  passed. 
"  21.  ITorth  Carolilia      "  "  " 

''  24.  Colonel  Ellsworth  shot  at  Alexandria,  Va. 
"  30.  Secretary  Cameron  declares  slaves  contraband  of  war. 
June  3.  Hon.  S.  A.  Douglas  died  at  Chicago.     His  dying  mes- 
sage to  his  son  was,  "  Tell  them  to  obey  the  laws,  and 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  U.  S." 
"    8.  The  Sanitary  Commission  authorized  and  appointed  by 

the  Government. 
"   24.    Tennessee   secedes  by   a   vote   of  104,913  for,  and 
32,134  against. 
July  8.  $5,000,000  loaned  the  Government  in  five  hours  by 
N.  Y.  merchants. 
"    10.  President  Lincoln  calls  for  500,000  volunteers. 
Aug.  14.  All  Union  men  notified  by  Jefi"erson  Davis  to  leave 
the  Confederate  States  in  forty  days. 
''    16.  The  President  issues  a  proclamation  confiscating  rebel 
property. 
Nov.  8.  Captain  Wilkes,  of  the  U.  S.  steamer  San  Jacinto. 


IMPOETAJSTT   EVENTS   OF    THE   KEBELLION.  277 

captures  Mason  and  Slidell,  rebel  emissaries,   on  board 
the  English  steamer  Trent. 
Nov.  19.  The  First  "Stone  Fleet"  sailed  for  the  South  from 
Connecticut  and  Massachusetts. 
''    20.  Kentuckj^,  in  State  Convention,  adopts  an  Ordinance 
of  Secession. 
Dec.  4.  John  C.  Breckinridge  expelled  from  the  U.  S.  Senate. 
"  20.  The  main  channel  of  Charleston  Harbor  obstructed  by 

sinking  sixteen  vessels  of  the  "  Stone  Fleet." 
"    26.  The  Cabinet  Council  at  Washington  decide  to  give 

up  Mason  and  Slidell. 
"    28.  New  York  banks  suspend  specie  payments. 
1§62. 
Feb.  1.  The  President  authorized  by  Act  of  Congress  to  take 
possession  of  all  the  raihvay  and  telegraphic  lines  when 
required  for  mihtary  purposes. 
"    14.  Commodore  Foote  receives  his  death-wound  in  an  en- 
gagement at  Fort  Donelson. 
March  8.  The  first  Iron-Clad  Naval  Engagement  between  the 

Monitor  and  Merrimac. 
Aug.  9.  Recruiting  brisk,    and   drafting   in   several   States — 
travelUng  restricted  by  order  of  Government  to  prevent 
fugitives  escaping. 
Sept.  22.  The  President  issues  his  Emancipation  Proclamation 
to  take  effect  January  1,  1863. 
"   24.  The  President  suspends  the  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus. 
1$63. 
Feb.  16.  The  Senate  pass  the  Conscription  Bill,  and  on  the  25th 

the  House  pass  the  same. 
July  13.  Great  Draft  Riot  in  New  York — continues  four  days. 
The  Colored  Orphan  Asylum  and  a  number  of  buildings 


278  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

burned.     Twenty-five  of  the  militia  and  police  killed  or 
wounded,  and  150  of  the  rioters. 
1§64. 
June  5.  Fremont  and  Cochrane  nominated  for  President  and 
Vice-President,  but  subsequently  resign. 
"    8.    The   Baltimore   Convention   nominate    Lincoln    and 

Johnson  for  President  and  Vice-President. 
"   19.  The  Pirate  Alabama  sunk  by  the  Kearsarge  off  the 
coast  of  France. 
Nov.  8.  Lincoln   and  Johnson  elected   President  and   Vice- 
President. 
"   25.   Hotels  in  New   York   burned   by   Southern   incen- 
diaries. 
1S65. 
Jan.  31.  G-eneral  R.  E.  Lee  appointed  Commander-in-Chief  of 

Eebel  forces  by  Jefferson  Davis. 
Feb.  4.  Failure  of  the  Peace  Negotiations  with  Rebel  Commis- 
sioners.    Gold  in  Richmond  4,400. 
March  11.  The  President  orders  the  disfranchisement  of  non- 
reporting  deserters. 
April  3.  Evacuation  of  Richmond.     Jefferson  Davis  at  Dan- 
ville, Va.,  a  fugitive. 
"    4.  President  Lincoln  holds  a  levee  in  Jefferson  Davis' 

house. 
"    7.    Grant  urges  Lee  to  surrender,  to  save  further  effusion 

of  blood. 
"    9.   Lee  surrenders  the  Army  of  Northern   Virginia  to 

General  Grant. 
"    10.  Great  rejoicing  all  over  the  country. 
"    13.  Grant  advises  the  draft  to  be  stopped  and  recruiting 
to  cease. 


IMPORTANT   EVENTS   OF   THE   EEBELLION.  279 

April  14.  President  Lincoln  shot  in  Ford's  Theatre,  Washing- 
ton, by  J.  Wilkes  Booth. 

"    15.  President  Lincoln  dies  at  7.20  a.m.      Andrew  John- 
son becomes  the  seventeenth  President. 

"    21.    General  Kirby  Smith   by   proclamation   asserts   his 
ability  to  continue  the  Rebellion. 

"    26.  General  J.  E.  Johnson  surrenders  with  27,500  men. 
May  9.  President  Johnson  issues  a  Peace  Proclamation  declar- 
ing the  war  at  an  end. 

"    10.  Jefiferson  Davis  captured  at  Irwinville,  Ga. 

"   13.  $30,000,000  Seven-Thirty  Loan  subscribed  this  day. 


2SC 


THE   iSTATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


CHEONOLOGIOAL  TABLE 


Date. 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  Hn- 
gagcments,  and  Skirmishes. 


1861. 

April  12 
"     19 

June     3 


(I 
(I 
(I 
(1 


July 

(1 


16 
17 

18 
20 

28 
2 
4 
5 
G 
8 
10 
10 

12 


"  12 
"  13 
17 


(( 


■( 


Aug. 


18 
18 

21 

22 

9 


Bombardment  of  Ft.  Sumter. . 
Riot,  Baltimore 


Philippi,  Ya. 


Seneca  Mills,  Md 

Boonesville,  Mo , 

Near  Warsaw,  Mo 

Big  Bethel 


Shorter's  Hill,  Va 

Martiusburg ,. 

Harper's  Perry. .  i 

Carthage,  Mo .  . .  .* 

Middle  Fork  Bridge,  Va. 

Burlington,  W.  Va 

Monroe  Station,  Mo 

Laurel  Hill,  Va 


Rich  Mountain,  Va. 


Barbourville,  Va. 
Carrick  Ford,  Va. 
Scarytown,  Va. . 


Kansas  City,  Mo 

Blackburn's  Ford,  Va. 

^'^"^^"^  Federal  report 

Forsyth,  Mo 

Dug  Spring,  Mo. . . 
Point  of  Rocks,  Md 


j  Beauregard's  rep . . 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Maj.  Anderson. 


Confed. 


Gen.  Beauregard 


Cols.  Kelly  and 

Landers 

Maj.  Everett... .  Capt. 

G-en.  Lyon 

Capt.  Cook 

Brig.-Gen.  Price. 


Gen.  Patterson. . 

9th  N.Y 

Col.  Sigel 

45  of  the  Sd  Ohio 


Col.  Smith 

Cols.  McCook  & 

Andrews 

Gen.  McClellan. 


Col.  "Woodruff. . 
Gen.  McClellan, 


Maj.  Van  Horn. 
Gen.  Tyler. 


j  Gen.   Irwin 
]    McDowell 


Gen.  Sweeny. 
Gen.  Lyon . . . 


Col.  Porterfield. 


Gen.  Price 

Gov.  Jackson... 
Maj.-Gn.  Magru- 
der 


Gen.  Johnson. . . 
Price  &  Jackson. 


Gen.  Harris. . . . 

Col.  Pegram... . 
Col.  Pegram 


Gen.  Garnett. 


Gen.  Beauregard 


Gen,  Price. 


CHEONOLOGICAL   TABLE  OF   THE   WAB. 


281 


OF  THE  WAE. 


Killed,  'Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Eemarks. 

Union. 

Confed. 

0  w 

Reported,  "  Nobody  hurt." 
First  blood  shed  of  the  four  years' 
Rebellion. 

3  k.  7  w 

7  k.  8  w 

2  k.  2  w.  2  m .  . . . 

16  k.,  26  m 

3  k 

2  k  8  w        

35  k.  and  vr.,  30  p. 
45  k.  and  w 

k.,w.,&  m.uncer. . 
2  k 

25  k.  52  w.  28  p.. 

16  k.  34  w.  6  m... 
1  k.  1  w 

3  k.  10  w 

2  k.  3  w 

30  k.  and  w.,  20  p. 

13  k.  81  w 

1  k.  3  w 

250  k.  andw 

7  k.  and  w 

20  k.  40  w 

30  k.  and  w.,  70  p. 

Successful  retreat  of  SigeL 

2  k.  6  w 

Confederates  defeated. 

Confederates  defeated. 

1  k.  3  w 

Confederates  defeated. 

Ilk.  35  w 

1  k 

140  k.  150  w.  150  p. 
12  k 

Capture  of  200  tents,  60  wagons, 

and  6  cannon. 
Confederates  defeated. 

13  k.  40  w 

9  k.  38  w.  9  m 

150  k.  &  w.,  800  p. 

Gen.  Garnett  killed. 

Three  Federal  colonels  and  two 

Ik 

20  k.  and  w 

68  k.  and  w 

1852  k.  andw 

captains  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

83  k.  andw 

4500  k.,  w.,  and  p. 
481  k.lOUw.TOOp. 

Federal   loss  28  pieces  artillery, 
5,000  small  arms. 

2w 

5  k.  10  w 

40  k.  80  w 

3  k.  2  w.  7  p 

9  k.  30  w 

None 

282 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOE:. 


Date. 


1861. 


10 


18 
19 


"  26 
"  29 
Sept.  1 
"  1 
"  10 
"  12 
"  13 
12-14 
"  14 
"  17 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En 
gagcments,  and  Skirmishes. 


Athens,  Mo. 


Wilson's  Creek,  Mo. 


Near  Grafton,  Va. 
Charleston,  Mo. . . 


Va. 


Cross  Lanes,  W. 

Lexinarton,  Mo 

Bennett's  Mills,  Mo 

Boone  Court  House,  Ya. 
Carnifex  Perrv,  Va 


Black  River,  Mo 

Booneville,  Mo 

Cheat  Mountain,  W.  Va. 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Mariatown,  Mo 


Oct. 


17  Blue  Mills  Landing,  Mo 

20  Lexington,  Mo 

21  Papinsville,  Mo 

2.3  Mechanicsville  Gap,  Va 

25  Chapmansville,  W.  "^^a 

25  Osceola,  Mo 

26  Lucas  Bend,  Ky 

3  Greenbrier,  "W.  Va 

Hillsboro,  Ky 

9  Santa  Rosa  Island,  Fla 

12  Cameron,  Ray  Co.,  Mo 

13  18  miles  N.E.  of  Lebanon,  Mo. 


u 
u 
11 


13 

15 
16 
19 
21 
21 

21 
22 


Beckvvith's  Farm,  Mo   . . . 
Big  River  Bridge,  Mo. . . . 

Ironton,  Mo 

Big  Hurricane  Creek,  Mo. 

Edwards'  Kerry,  Va 

Fredericktown,  Mo. .'.... 


Ball's  Bluff 

BuffaiO  Mills,  Mo. 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Co!.  Moore. 


Gen.  Lyon. 


Capt.  Dayton. . . 
Col.     Dougherty 

and  Lieut.-Col. 

Ransom 

Col.  Tyler 


Gen.  Rosi^cranz. 

Maj.  Gavitt 

Capt.  Eppstein.. 
Gn.J.J.Reynolds 


Confcd. 


Gens.  Price  and 
McCuUoch  . . . 


Col.  Hunter 

Col.  Reed '. 


Lieut.  Col.  Scott. 
Col.  Mulligan .  . . 
Gen.  Lane 


Col.  Pratt 

Col. Montgomery 


Gn.J.J.Reynolds 
Lieut.  Sadler. . 
Col.  W.  Wilson 
Maj.  James. . . . 
Maj.  Wright. . . 


Lieut.  Tufts. 


Maj.  Gavitt. . . . 

Col.  Morgan 

Col.  E.  D.  Baker 


CoL  Baker. 


Floyd 

Ben.  Talbott.... 

Col.  Brown 

Gen.  R.  E.  Lee. 


GnD.R.  Atchison 
Gen.  Price 


Co].  J.  W.  Davi3 


Gn.H.A.Jacksou 
Capt.  Holliday. . 
Gen.  Anderson. . 


Capts.   Lowel  & 
Wright 


Gn  Jff.  Thompson 
Gen.  Thompson. 


Gen.  Evans 

Jeff.  Thompson  & 
Col.  Lowe. . . . 
Gen.  Evans. . .. 


CHKONOLOGICAL    TABLE    OF    THE    WAE. 


283 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Union. 

Confed. 

10  k  and  w 

223  k.  721  w.292m 
None 

23  k.  50  w 

421k.  1317  w.  3  m. 
21  k  andw 

20  k.  and  w.,  17  p. 

5  wagon-loads  of  supplies  and  40 
horses  were  captured  from  the 
Confederates. 

Gen.  Lyon  killed. 
Confederates  routed 

1  k.  6  w 

15  k.  40  w.  30  p. . 

Confederate  loss  not  known. 

6  or  6  w 

3  k.  6  w 

8  k.  several  w 

Confederate  loss  not  known 

t)  w 

30  k 

16  k.  102  w 

Unknown  

5  k.4p 

Confederates  retreated  with  small 
loss. 

1  k.  4  w 

13  k.  20  w.  60  p.. 

12  k.  30  w 

100  k.  &  w.,  20  p.. 

7k.6p 

7  k 

100  horses  and  their  tents  and 
supplies  were  captured. 

100  k.  and  w 

42k.l08w.  1624  p. 
17  k.40  w 

3  k.  10  w 

4  k.  8  w 

1  k  4  w   

25  k.  75  w 

40  k.  100  p 

15  k.  30  w 

29k.  50  w.  47  p.. i 
10  k 

And  all  their  tents  and  supplies. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Col.  J.  W.  Davis  killed. 

None 

4  k.  5  p 

Confederates  routed. 
A  drawn  battle. 

8  k.  32  w 

3  k.  3  w 

look.  95w.  13p.. 
11  k.  29  w.  22  p.. 
100  k.  &  w.  35  p.. 
8  k.  5  p 

13  k.  21  w 

1  k.  4  w 

Confederates  routed. 

1  k 

62  k.  and  w.,  30  p. 

12  k.  and  w 

5  k.  and  4  w 

36  k.  and  w 

14  k.  8  p 

2  k.  5  w.  3  m 

1  k.  6  w 

Unions  burned  the  bridge. 

11  k 

14  w 

223  k.  250  w.  500  p 

7  k.  60  w 

223k.266w.455m. 

200  k.  andw 

Rebel  loss  heavy. . 
36  k.  264  w.  2  p.. 
20  k.  and  w.  60  p.. 

Col.   Lowe  killed,    80  prisoners 

and  4  heavy  guns  ca^Jtured. 
Col.  Baker  killed. 

284 


THE    NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


1861. 

Oct.    2-A 


u 
11 
11 


(I 

(I 

(1 
(1 
<( 
(( 
II 
1( 
(1 
(1 
(1 
II 
il 

Dec. 


« 

u 

It 
11 

11 

a 

u 

<( 
<i 


Names   iind  Places  of  Battles,  En 
iragemeuls,  uiid  Skirmislies. 


•26 
2G 
Nov.     2 

"       7 


"West  Liberty.  Ky. 
Hodgesville,  Ky. .  . 
Sprinu'tield.  Mo.  . . 
iNew  Creek,  Va... 
iPlattsburg,  Mo.. . . 
[Platte  City,  Mo. . . 
Belmont,  Mo 


10 
10 
11 
12 
14 
18 
2-2 
24 
25 
29 
1 
2 


4 
5 

n 

7 
11 
13 
17 
17 
18 

20 
20 


Port  Royal,  S.  C. 


Belmont,  Mo. 
Rolla,  Mo 


Piketon,  Ky 

New  River,  Va 

G-uyandotte,  Va , 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Romney,  Va 

McCoy's  Mill,  Va 

Warrensburg 

Fort  Pickens,  Fla 

Lancaster,  Va 

Dranesville,  Va 

Black  Walnut  Creek,  Mo. 

Hunter's  Chapel 

Dunksburg,  Mo 


Salem,  Mo. 


Whip-poor-will  Bridge,  Ky. 

Brownsville,  Ky 

Dam  No.  5,  Va 

Olathe,  Mo 

Bertrand,  Mo 

Camp  Alleghany,  Va 

Mumfordsville,  Ky 

Osceola,  Mo 

Millford,  Mo 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Lieut.  Grayson. 
Maj.  Zagonyi . . . 
Gen.  B.  F.  Kelley 


Maj.  Josephs. . 

Gens.    G-rant    & 
McCleniand 

Com.  Dupont  & 
General  W.  T 
Sherman  .... 

Gen.  Grant. . . . 

Col.  Grensle. . . , 


Nelson's  Brigade 


Col.K.V.Whaley 
Col.  Anthony. . . 


Gen.  Benhara. 


Confed. 


Col.A.McDonald 


Silas  Gordon. 


Gen.  Drayton. 
Gen.  Polk.... 


Dauesville,  Va. 
Hudson,  Mo. . . 


Col.  Moore. . . 
Col.  Bayard, . 
Maj.  Hough. . 
Gen.  Blenker . 


Maj.  Bowen. 


Home  Guards . , 


Lt.  Col.  Rhodes. 
Brig.  Gn.  Milroy. 


Gen.  Pope 

Col.  J.  C.  Davis  & 
Gen.  Steele. . . 
Gen.  E.  0.  C.  Ord 
Maj.  McKee .... 


Gn.  Floyd's  army 


Lt.  Col.  Blanton . 


Capts.  Young  & 
Wheatley. . . . 

Cols.  Freeman  <fc 
Turner. 


GnT.CHindmaa 


Col.  E.  Johnson. 
Gen.  Bragg 


Gen.  Stuart. 


CHEONOLOGICAL    TABLE    OF   THE   WAK. 


285 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 

Confed. 

10  k.  5  w.  6  p 

3  k.  5  w 

3w 

48  k.  27  w. 
2  k.  14  w. . 

10  m. 

106  k.  27p 

10  k.  15  w 

8  k.l2p 

13  k.  and  w.,  30  p. 

155  p 

89  k.  150  w. 

150  m 

500  p. 
285  m. 

8  k.  23  w.  2 
84  k.  288  w. 

k.&  w.  not  reported. 
261k.427w.278m. 
9p 

6  k.  24w 

400  k.  (few.  2000  p. 

8  k.  10  w 

8  k.  12  w.  45  r>    _ 

8  k.  8  w. . . 

r-  -  •  • 

2  k 

12p 

15k 

150p 

2  k.  13  w 

13k 

2  w 

2  k.  4  p.... 

6w 

17  k.  5p 

4  k.  and  w.  2  p . . . 

'Zk.lOw 

Ik 

15  k.  and  w 

4  w 

6  k.  and  w.  11  p . . 
3  k.  5  w 

12k 

2  k 

3  k.  5  w 

Ik - 

16p 

20  k.  107  w. 

10  m. 

10  k  17  w. . 

33  k.  60  w 

300p 

2  k.  17  w 

1300  p 

•7  k.  61  w 

75  k.  150  w.  30  p. 
10  k.  17  p 

Eemarks. 


Lieiit.Grayson  severely  wounded. 

Confederates  routed. 

Col.  Angus  McDonald  captured. 


2,600  Confed.  prisoners  &  42  guns. 

500  head  of  cattle,  40  horses  and 

mules  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Col.  Wlialey  captured. 
Union  troops  withdrawn. 


Col.  Crogham  killed. 


Many  wounded  and  prisoners. 

Maj.  Hough  wounded. 
Confederates  defeated. 


Confeds.  defeated ;  loss  unknown. 


Confederates  defeated. 


Confeds.  report  about  same  loss. 
Confederates  defeated. 


70  wagons  with  stores  &  equipage. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 


286 


THE    NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


1861. 

Dec.    22 

"     28 
1862. 

Jan.      1 

"  4 
"       4 

"       1 

"    1 

"  8 
"  10 
"     19 


Feb. 


11 


1 
8 

8 

9 

14 
14 
14 
16 


"     17 

"     18 

"     21 

March  7 

"       8 


"     14 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


j  Newport  ISTews,  Va.  ) 
I  New  Market  Bridge    ) 


Mount  Zion,  Mo. 


Port  I^oyal  Ferry,  S.  C. 
Bath,  Ya 

Huntersville,  W.  Va . . . 


Blue's  Gap,  W.  Va 

30  miles  east  Sutton,  W.  Va. 


Paintsville,  Ky. . 
Silver  Creek,  Mo. 
Prestonburg,  Ky. 
Mill  Spring,  Ky. . 


Fairfax  Court  House.  Va ... 

Capture  of  forts   on  Roanoke 
Island,  N.  G , 

Linn  Creek,  Va 

Near  Fort  Henry,  Tenn . . . . , 


Blooming  Gap,  Va 

Flat  Lick  Ford,  Ky 

Fort  Donelson 

Capture  of  Fort  Donelson. 


Sugar  Creek,  Ark. 
Independence,  Mo. 


Valverde,  N.  M . 
Winchester,  Va. 
Pea  Ridge,  Ark . 


Hampton  Roads,  Va. 
New  Madrid 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Maj.  Schoepf. . , 
Col.  Jno.  Glover 


Gen.  Stevens. 


Maj.  Webster. 


Col.  Dunning. 

Col.H.  Anisansel 

Col.  Garfield... 
Maj.  ToT-rence.  . 
Gen.  Garfield. . . 
Gen.  Thomas. .  . 


Col.  Friedman 
Com.      Goldsbo- 

rough  &  Gen. 

Burnside. . . 
Capt.  Smith. . , 
Com.  Foote  and 

Gen.  Grant. 
Gen.  Lander. . , 
Col.  Munday. , 
Cora.  Foote. . . , 
Gen.  Grant 


Col.  Cranby .... 
Capt.  Cole 

Gens.  Curtiss,  Si- 
gel,  Asboth,  & 
Davis 

U.  S.  war  ship 
Cumberland,. 

Gen.  Pope 


Confed. 


Gen.  Jackson. 


Ilum'y  Marshall 
Col.  Poindexter. 
Hum'y  JIarshall 
Gen.  Zollicoffer. 


Gen.  Wise. 


Gen.  Tilghman. 


Gen.  Buckner. 


Quantrell 

Parker. ., 
Col.  Steele. 


and 


Gens.  Van  Dorn, 
Price,  McCul- 
loch,  and  Pike 

Merrimac 

Gens.  McCrogan, 
Stuart,  Gauth. 


CHKONOLOGICAL    TABLE    OF   THE    WAE. 


28; 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Union. 

Confecl. 

6  w 

10  k 

3  k.  46  w 

3  k.  11  w 

3  k.  30  p 

25  k.  150  w.  40  p. 

6  k.  12  w 

7k 

00  horses  and  105  stand  of  arms 

were  captured. 
Confederates  retreated. 

2  k.  7  w 

$50,000  worth   of  army    stores 

were  captured. 
3  cannon  and  their  wagons  were 

captured. 
56  head  of  cattle  and  15  horses 

were  captured. 
Confederates  dispersed. 
Confederates  retreated. 
Confederates  retreated. 
Gen.Zollicoffer  killed,  1200  horses 

&  mules,  100  large  wagons,  and 

2,000  muskets  were  captured. 
12  horses  captured. 

6  forts,  40  guns,  and  3,000  small 

arms  were  captured. 
32  horses  captured. 

includino"  17  officers 

Kone. , . , 

15  k.  20  p 

22  k.  andw 

15p 

12  k.  22  w.  15  p.. 

50  k.  25  p 

192  k.  140  p 

Ik.  12  p 

30 k. 50  w.  2500 p.. 
8  k.  7  w.  17  p 

5  k.  30p 

13  k.,  20  w.,  65  p., 
4  k.  4  w.  3  p 

2  k.  1  w 

3  k.  10  w 

2  k.  25  w 

39  k.  207  w 

2  w 

60  k.  150  w 

1  k.  1  w 

39  k.  23  w 

Noue 

60  k.  and  w 

Com.  Foote  severely  wounded. 
Brig,  Gen.    Buckner    captured. 
Gens.  Floyd  &  Pillow  escaped. 

446  k.  1735  w.  and 

231k.  1007  w.and 
15,000  p 

13  k.  and  w     .... 

1  k.  3  w 

3  k 

Confederate  loss  about  the  same. 

8w 

6  k.  5  w 

Capt.  Cole  wounded. 

1351  k.  w.  and  m. 
340  k.  &  drowned . 

1100  k.  2500  w.  & 
1600  p. 

Gens.  McCulloch,  Mcintosh,  and 

Slack  were  killed. 
U.    S.    sloop-of-war  Cumberland 

destroyed. 

51  k 

100  k 

$100,000  worth  of  military  stores 
captured  from  the  Coufeds. 

2SS 


THE   NATIONAL    KAND-BOOK:. 


Date. 


1862. 

Mar.    14 

"       14 

'^5-18 
'■  22 
"  2;j 
"  26 
"       28 

"      29 

April    5 
6-7 


1-7 

"     11 

"  11 

"  16 

"  20 

"  26 


May 


3 
4 
5 

7 
8 
8 

9 
9 

13 

13 
14 
15 
15 
16 


Xiuiies  niul  I'iaws  of  Buttles,  En- 


ITewbern,  N.  C 

Cuiubeiiaiid  Aits.,  Ky. 


Sietre  of  Island  Xo.  10. 
Independence,   Mo.  .  . . 

Winchester,  Ya 

liumansville,   Mo.  ... 
Yallis  Ranch,  N.  M.. . 


"Warrensburer,  Mo. 


Siege  of  Yorktown,  Ya. . 
Pittsburg  Landing,  Teiin . 


Corinth,  Miss , 

Bombardment   and  capture  of 
Island  No.  10 

Capture  of  Fort,  Pulaski,  Ga. 


Yorktown,  Va  . . . 
Lee's  Mills,  Ya. .. 
South  Mills,  N.  C. 
Fort  Macon,  N.  C. 

Farmington,  Miss. 
Williamsburg,  Ya. 


Soraerville  Heights,  Ya. 

Corinth,  Miss 

McDowell,  W.  Ya 


12  m.  from  Athens,  Ala. 
Farmington,  Miss 


McDowell,  Ya. 


Monterey,  Tenn 

Trenton  Bridge,  N.  C. 
On  James  lliver 


Near  Trenton,  N.  C. 


Coinnianders. 


Union. 


Gen.  Burnside.  . 

Col.    Carter    and 

Lt.Cl.Keigiil'in 

Com.  Foote. . . . 


Gen.  Shields. 


Col.  Slough  . . . . 

Capt.  Thompson 

Gen.  McClellan . 
Gens.  Grant  and 

Buell 

Gen.  Sherman . . 
Com.   Foote  and 

Gen.  Pope. . . 
Gen.  Hunter.. . . 


Gen.  McClellan. 

Gen.  Reno 

Gen£.    Burnside 

and  Parker... 

Gen.  Paine 

Gen.  Stoneman. 
Gens.     Kearney 

and  Hooker. . 

Col.  Foster 

Maj.  Arlington.. 
Geiis.  Schenck  & 

Milroy 

Capt.  Connet. . . 
Gen,  Pope 


Gens.   Milroy  & 

Schenck 

Gen.  Smith 

Col.  Amory. . . . 


Gen.  Geary . . . , 
Maj.  Fitzsimons. 


(honied. 


Gen.  Branch. . . 


Quantrell 

Gn.  T.J.  Jackson 


Col.  Scurry  and 

Blaj.  Pyron. . , 

Col.  Parker 


Gens.  Johnson  & 
Beaiireo;ard  . . 


Gen.    Maknd. . . 
Col.  Uimstead. . 


Gen.  Lee. . 
Col.  White. 


Gen.  Longstreet. 


Col.  Woodward. 

Gens.     Ruggles, 

Price,Yan  Dorn. 

Gen.   Jackson . . 


CHRONOLOGICAL    TA33LE   OF    THE   WAR. 


289 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 

Confed. 

()1  k.  466  w 

50  k.  200  w.  200  p. 
3  k.  6  w.  18  p 

Ik 

100  k.  400  w 

7  k.  1 1  p 

600  k.  300  p 

15k 

38  k.  54  w.  17  p.. 
2  k 

80  k.  100  w.  93  p. 
15  k.  25  p 

3  k.  22  w 

1614  k.  7721  w. 
3963  m 

1728  k.  8012  w. 
959  m 

15  k.  25  w 

1  k.  1  w 

20  k.  and  w 

17  k.  6300  p 

3  w.  360p 

32  k.  100  w 

90  k 

25  k.  75  w 

1  k.  3  w 

7  k.  18  w 

8  k 

2  k.  20  w 

2073k.&w.623p. 
29  k 

7  k.  25  p 

700k.1000w.300p. 

4  w 

30  k 

30  k.  200  w 

5  k 

13  k 

40  k.  120  w 

20  k.  177  w 

2  k 

40  k.  200  w 

10  k 

10  k  

17  k.  20  w 

17  k.... 

Bp 

6  k.  many  w 

Eemarks. 


G  forts  captured. 

59  horses,  100  guns?,  and   100  sa- 
bres were  captured. 

Confederates  defeated. 
Confeds.  retreated  iu  disorder. 
Many  wounded. 

Confederates  retreated. 
Co].    Parker   and  Capt.   Walton 
taken  prisoners. 


Beauregard's  report. 


47  guns  and  40,000  pounds  of 
powder  captured. 


Confederates  routed. 
Fort  captured. 


Confederate  loss  heavier. 
Unions  retreated. 
Maj.  Arlington  killed. 
Confederate  loss  computed  to  be 

much  greater. 
Capt.  Connet  captured. 

Confed.  loss  much  greater. 
Unions  lost  their  camp,  baggage, 
and  stores. 

Confederates  defeated. 
IS  aval  engagement. 

Maj.  Fitzsimons  wounded. 


13 


290 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 


Date. 

1862, 

May  17 
"  18 
"     18 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


Corinth 

Near  Searey,  Ark . 
Princeton,  Va. . . , 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Gen.  Osterhaus, 
Gen.  Cox , 


lOiNewbern,  N.  C. 
20;Moorfield,  Va. . 
21 
23 


(< 


23 
24 

25 

26 

2Y 

28 
29 
29 
30 

30 

31 
31 


Near  Corinth,  Miss. 
Lewisburg,  Va. . . . . 


On  the  Chickahominy 

New  Bridge,  on   the    Chicka- 
hominy   

Winchester,  Va 


Near  "Winchester,  Va. . . . 
Near  Hanover  C.  H.,  Va. 


June     1 

"  1 
"  4 
"       8 

"       9 

"     10 


Corinth,  Miss 

Hanover  Court  House 

Pocotahgo,  S.  C 

Corinth,  Miss 


Lt.  Col.  Downev 
Col.  Sedgwick. 
Col.  Cook 


4th  Mich 

Gen.  N.  P.  Banks 

Col.  Cluseret . . . 


Confed. 


Humphrey  Mau. 
shall 


Gen.  Heath . 


5th  La 

Gens.  Ewell  and 

Johnson 

Gen.  Jackson . . . 


Front  Royal,  Va. 


Near  "Washington,  N.  C. 
Fair  Oaks,  Va 


Between  Strasburg  and  Staun- 
ton, Va , 

Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  continued. . , 

Near  Jasper,  Tenn 

Cross  Keys,  Va , 


Port  Republic,  Va. 
James  Island 


Col.  Purcell. 
Gen.  Morell. 


Geii.  Halleck  . . 


Gen.  McClellan. 
Gen.  Fremont. . 


Gen.  Negley  . . . 
Gen.  Fremont . . 

Gen.  Shields 


"     12  Near  Village  Creek,  Ark 

"     14  On  James  Island,  S.  C 

"     15  On   James   Island,    Secession- 
ville,  S.  C 


Col.  Brackett. 
Gen.  Benham 


Gen.  Branch. . . . 
Gen.  Beauregard 


Gn.  J.B.  Johnson 
Gen.  Jackson . . . 


Gen.  Adams  . , . 
Gen.    Stonewall 

Jackson  

Gen.  Jackson . . . 


Capt.  Hooker. , 
Col.  Lamar 


CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE    OF   THE   WAR. 


291 


Killed,  'Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Eemarks. 

Union. 

Confed. 

10  k.  31  w 

12  k.  many  w  . . . . 

Confederate  loss  about  100. 

SO  k.  70  w 

Cn'x  dpfpated. 

5  k 

11  k 

4  k.  12p 

25  k 

10  k.  40w.  Smiss'g. 
1  k.  6  w 

100  p 

4  cannons  and  200  stand  of  arms 

15  w.  31  p 

50  k.  and  w.,  31  p. 

captured  from  the  Confeds. 
Many  Confederates  killed. 

10  k 

Banks  retreated. 

V  w 

25  p 

Confed.  killed  and  wounded  un- 

known. 
Confed.  loss  between  200  and  300 

25  k  and  w   . 

30  k 

k.  and  w.,  and  500  pris. 
Confed.  killed  left  on  the  field. 

53  k.  326  m 

11  k 

400  k.  &w.,  600  p. 
20  k.  and  w 

2000  prisoners  and  large  supplies 

taken. 
6  officers  were   captured,   2  en- 

8 k.  5  w. 

20  k.  &w.,  156  p.. 
11  k 

2  w 

gines,  and  11  cars. 
Confederates  defeated. 

890  k.  3627  w.  aud 
1222  p 

12  k.  and  w 

2800  k.  3897  w... 

5739  loss 

125  k.  500  w 

67   k.  361   w.  and 
574  m 

8000  k.  and  w 

12  k.  &  w.,  25  p.. 

600k.&w 

Confederates  defeated. 

Confederate  loss  consklerable. 
Union    troops    retreated.      Con- 
federate loss  about  1000. 

4  k.  13  w 

13  w 

15  k.  2  w 

28  k„  w.,  and  p. . . 
17  k.  8  w 

40  k.  100  w 

Confederate  killed  and  wounded 

left  on  the  tield. 
rionfprlr^ratps  dffpated 

3  k.  19  w 

685  k.,  w.,  and  p.. 

Unions  defeated. 

292 


THE   NATIONAL    UAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

1862. 

June  18 
"  25 
"  2G 
"  27 
"  27 
"     27 

July  1 
"     23 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En 
gagements,  and  Skirmishes. 


(1 


(f 
It 


LI. 
U 
il 

It 


li 


Kear  Smithville,  Ark 

;Oak  Grove,  Va 

Chickahominy , 

Near  Richmond 

Gaines'  Mills,  Va 

Village  Creek,  Ark 

Malvern  Hill,  Va.  (7  days.), 
i'lorida.  Mo 


24 
25 

28 


"     29 
Aug.    2 

"      5 


5 
6 

7 

•7 

7 

9 

11 

11 

11 

11 

12 


"    1,5 

"  16 
1,9 
w     20 


I4- 


20 
"  21 
"     22 


Near  Decatur,  Ala 

Near  Orange  C.  H.,  Va. 
Moore's  Mills.  Mo 


Brownsville,  Tenn. 
Orange  C.  H.,  Va. 
Baton  Rouge,  La. . 


Malvern  Hill,  Va 

Near  Mattapony  River, 


Va. 


Fort  Filmore,  KM 

Near  Trenton,  Tenn , 

Elirkville,  Mo 

Cedar  Mountain,  Va , 

11  miles  east  of  Helena,  Ark, 

Compton's  Perry,  Mo 

Kinderhook,  Tenn 

Clarendon,  Ark 


Gallatin,  Tenn. 


Merrtwether's  Landing,  Tenn . 

Low  Jack,  Mo 

Near  Hickman,  Mo 

Edgefield  Ju»ction,  Tenn 


Near  Union  Mills,  Mo. 
Pinckncj'-'s  Island,  S.  C. 
Near  Gallatin,  Teijn. . . 


■25  Attack  on  Fort  Donelson 

27 

28 


Kettle  Run,  Va. . 
Readyville,  Tenn. 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Maj.  Zeley 

Gen.  Hooker. . . 

McCiellan 

Gen.  McCiellan. 
Gen.  Porter. . . . 
(Jol.  Brackftt.  .. 
Gen.  McCiellan. 
Maj.  Caldwell  . . 


Confed. 


Capt.  Jones. 
Gen.  Lee  . . . 
Gen.  Lee  . . . 
Gen.  Lee  . . . 
Gen.  Lee. , . 


Capt.  Harman. 
Gen.  Gibson. . . 


Capt.  Dollin... 
Gen.  Crawford. 
Gen.  Williams . 


Gen.  Hooker. . . 

Generals  Gibbon 

and  Cutter . . . 

Cok  Canby 


Col.  McNeill 
Gen.  Banks. 


CoL  Guitars 

Col.  McGowan. . 
Gen.  Hovey. . .  . 
Col.  MUler 

CoL  T.W.  Harris 
Maj.  Foster. . . . 
Capt  Moore. . . . 


Maj.  Price. 


Gen.  Johnson. 


Gen.  Hooker. . 
Col.  Murphy . . , 


Gen.  Lee  . . 
Col.  Porter 


Cols.  Porter  and 
Cobb 


Gen.  J.  C.  Breck- 
inridge   


Gen.  Stuart 

Col.  Sibley 

Capt.  Faulkner. 

Col.  Porter 

Gen.  Jackson. . . 
Jeff.  Thompson. 
Col.  Poin  dexter. 
Anderson 


Col.  J.  H.  Mor- 


gan 

Capt.  Bariield. 
Col.  Coflee 


Col.  J.  H.  Mor- 
gan   


Morgan. 


Col.  Woodward . 

Gen.  EweU 

Gen.  Forrest. . . 


CHKONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAE. 


293 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


3  k.  4w 

200  loss 

80  k.  150  w. 


•7600  k.,  w.  <! 
2  k.  31  w. . . 
About  1000. 


m. 


5  k,  12  w.  &p. 


10  k.  30  w. 
4  k.  6  w. .. 
4  k.  12  w... 


Confed. 


Bemarks. 


4  w.  15  p. 


Over  1000. 


About  the  same. 


About  3000. 


10  k.  30  w. 


52  k.  100  w..    . 
10  k.  &  w.,  11  p. 


250  k.,  w.,  and  m, 


12  ip. 


1500  k.,  w.,  aud  p. 


100  k.  &w.,  200  p. 

7  k.  27  p 

600  p 


60  k.  100  w. 
2w 


4  k.  3  w 

3  k.,  3  w.,  32  p. .. 
G4  k,  100  w.  200  p 


About  800  k.  &  w. 


600  k.,  w.,  and  m . 


20  k.  30  w. 


1000  k.  1500  w... 


Capt.  Jones  captured. 
Confed.  loss  much  the  heaviest. 
Confederates  retreated. 
Federals  retreated. 


Federals  defeated,  with  a  loss  of 

26  men. 
Confederates  defeated. 


Confed.  w.  left  on  the  field. 


Gen.  Williams  killed.     The  Con- 
federates were  defeated. 


Confederate  troops  defeated. 

Confederate  troops  defeated. 
Confederates  repulsed. 


Confederates  defeated. 


6  k.  and  many  w. 

20  k.  9  p 

110k.  and  w  . . . 
4  k.  19  p. 


7  k.  20  w. 
1  k.  4p.. 


800k.&w.,  lOOOp. 


16  horses  captured. 

Gen.  Johnson  and  his  staff  cap- 
tured. 

Confed.  repulsed  with  heavy  loss. 
Confeds.  driven  from  the  field. 
Confederates  defeated. 


294 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


1862. 

Aug.  28 

"     29 


"     30 

ti9-30 

"     30 

Sept.     1 

"       1 


1 


"  7 
"  8 
"       9 


9 


10 

10 

12 

14 

14 

15 

15 

11 

17 

17 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En 
gagements,  and  Skirmishes. 


6  miles  west  of  Oentreville,Ya. 
Groveton,  Va 


2d  BuU  Run. 


Riclimond,  Xj 


Bolivar,  Tenn 

Britton's  Lane,  Tenn. 
OhantiUy,  Va 


Near  Plymouth,  KG... 
Near  Slaughterville,  Ky. 

Fort  Ridgely,  Alinn 

Cumberland  Gap,  Tenn. 

Washington,  N.  0 

Near  Martinsburg,  Va . . 
Washington,  N.  0 


Capture  of  Shepherdsville,  Ky. 

Near  Poolesville,  Md 

WilHamsburg,  Va 


Edwards'  Ferry,  on  the  Poto- 
mac  

Fayette,  Va 

Near  Coldwater,  Miss 

Middletown,  Md 

South  Mountain,  Md 


Mumfordsville,  Ky 

Greene  River,  Ky , 

Harper's  Ferry  (3  days  siege) . 

Near  Durhamville,  Tenn . . . . , 
Falmouth,  on  Ky.  Cen.  R.R. , 
Near  Florence,  Ky , 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Gens.  McDowell 
and  Sigel. . 

Gens.  Hooker, 
Sigel,  Kear- 
ney, Reno,  and 
King 

Gen.  Pope . . . 


Gens.  Mason  and 

Craft 

Col.  Leggett. . 
Col.  Dennis. .  . 
Gen.  Pope . . . 


Sergt.  Green . . . 
Lt.-Col.  Foster. . 


Gen.  Jul.  White 


Maj.  Chapman.. 
Col.  Campbell. . . 


Gen.  Keves. . 

Col.  Siber 

Col.  Grierson . 


Gens.  Hooker  & 
Reno , 

Col.  Wnder. . . 


Col.  MUes 

Lieut.  R.  GrifSn. 

Col.  Berry . 

Maj.  Foley. . . . 


Confed. 


Gen.  Jackson. 


Gens.     Jackson 

and  Longstreet 

Gen.  Lee 

Gen.   E.    Kirby 

Smith 

Gen.  Armstrong 
Gen.  Armstrong 
Gens.  Jackson, 
Ewell,  and  Hill 
Col.  Garret 


Indians 


Col.  Shingle. 


G^n.  Stuart. 
Gen.  Loring. 


Gen.  Lee - 

Gen.  Duncan . . . 


Gen.  A.  P.  Hill. 
Lt.  OoL  Faulkner 


CHEONOLOGIGAIi   TABLE  OF  THE  WAK. 


295 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


6000  k.  andw 

800  k.,  4000  w.,  & 

3000  p 

200     k.,    700    w., 

2000  p 

5  k.,  18  w.,  64  m. 
200  k.  and  w 


1300  k.  &w. 


13  k.  47  w. 


8  k.  36  w. 
2  k.  10  w. 


Confed. 


Eemarks. 


12,000  k.,  w.,  &m. 

700  k.  3000  w 

250  k.  500  w 


180  k.  220  w. 


800  k.  &w. 

30  k.  40  p 

3  k.,  2  w.,  25  p... 


85  p 

1  k.  8  w 

5  capts.,  4  lieuts., 
and  Capt.  Camp- 
beUp. 


100  k.  and  w. 


80  k.  and  w 

44:^k.l808-w.76m. 


80  k.,  120  w.,  and 

11,583  p 

2  k.  10  w 

1  w 

Ik.  1  w 


33  k.  100  w 

50  p,  besides  k.  &  w 
30  k.  36  p , 


7  k 

8  k.  CoL  Shingle  k. 


4  k.  30  w. 


500  k.,  2343  w.,  & 
1500  p 


1500  k.  andw. 

8  k.  20  w. 

2  k.  4  w.  1  p.. 
5  k.  7  w 


Confeds.  driven  back  with  loss 
and  many  prisoners. 


Confederates  defeated. 


Confederates  routed. 
Confederates  defeated, 
Heavy  loss  on  both  sides.    Death 
of  Gens.  Kearney  and  Stearns. 


Confeds.  defeated  with  loss. 


Federal    gunboat  exploded    her 
magazine  during  the  engage- 
.    ment.     18  killed  &  wounded,  i 

Confederates  defeated. 


Confederates  repulsed  with  the 

loss  of  90  men. 
Federals  defeated. 


Gen.  Reno  MUed. 

Confederates  defeated. 
Federals   surrender.     Col.  Miles 
kUled. 


296 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 


Date. 


1862 

Sept.  17 
'•  n 
"19-20 
"  19-20 


•'       20 

"  21 
"  21 
"  21 
22 


II 


(I 


Oct. 


22 
23 


29 

30 

30 

1 

1 


l( 

3 

(1 

3-5 

tl 

6 

(( 

G 

u 

7 

11 

14 

15 

IG 

17 

21 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gag-ements,  and  Skirmishes. 


Antietam,  Md.  . 
Leesburg,  Va. . . 

luka,  Jiiss 

Owensboro,  Ky. 


Near  Sliirley's  Ford,  Mo. 

On  Potomac 

Munfordsville,  Ely 

Shepherdsville,  Ky 

Sturgeon,  Mo 


Ashby's  G-ap,  Va , 

YeUow  Medicine  River,  Minn, 


Sharps  burg,  Md. 


KTewtonia,  Mo , 

Russellville,  Ky 

Gallatin,  Tenn , 

Shepherdstown  and   Martins 

burg,  Va , 

On    Blackwater    Eiver,    near 

Franklin,  Va 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Confed. 


Gen.  McCleUan. 
Col.  Kilpatrick. . 
G^n.Rosecrans, 


Col.  Ritchie 

Col.  Barnes  . . . , 
Col.  E.  McCook, 
Col.  Granger. . . 
Maj.  Hunt 


Col.  R.  B.  Price 
Col.  Sibley.... 


Gen.  Lee. 


Gen.  Price. 


Gen.  Solomon.. 
Col.  Harrison.. 
CoL  Stokes 


Blackwater,  near  Franklin, Va. 
Near  Corinth,  Miss 


Near  Charlestown,  Va 

Lavergne,  Tenn 

Near  Sibley's  Landing,  Mo . 


Chaphn  Hills,  PerryviUe,  Ky. . 
Near  Lawrenceburg,  Ky 


Near  Helena,  Ark 

Stanford,  Ky 

Carsville,  Va 

Near  Charlestown,  Va.. 
Thoroughfare  Gap,  Va-  . 
Woodville,  Tenn 


Gen.  Pleasanton 

Corns.  Perry, 
Hunchback, 
&  Whitehead. 

Col.  Spears  .... 

Gens.  Ord,  Hurl 
but,  &  Veatch 


Gen.  Palmer. . 


Gen.  BueU 

Col.  Parrott... 
Maj.  Rector. . . , 


Lieut.  Williams . 
Gen.  Hancock . . 

Gen.  Stahl 

Maj.  J.  J.Mudd. 


Capt.  Cunning- 
ham  

Lieut.  Col.  Green 
Indians 


Col.  Cooper ... 


Col.  Bennett . . . 
Gen.  Hampton. 

Capt.  Flusser.. 


Gens.  Price,  Van 
Dorn,  &  Lovell. 

Robertson's  Bat. 

Gen.  Anderson. 

QuantreU  and 
Childs 

Gen.  Bragg. . . . 

Gen.  Smith .... 
CoL  Giddings. . . 


Haywood. 


CHEONOLOGICAL    TAELE   OF   THE   WAE. 


297 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Union. 

Confed. 

12,500  loss 

15,000  loss 

Confederates  defeated. 

135  k.  527  w 

2  k  18  w 

263k.400w.600p. 

Confederates  defeated. 

60  or  70  k  and  w. 

feds,  defeated  with  severe  loss. 

150  k.,  w.,  and  p.. 

Confederates  defeated. 

5  k.  28  p 

• 

Confederates  defeated. 

3  p 

Lieut.  Col.  Green  captured. 

30  Indians  killed  and  many- 
wounded  ;  4  whites  killed  and 
SO  wounded. 

Confederates  dispersed,  and  a 
squad  of  them  captured. 

50  k.  &  w.,  100  p. 

•   ••••■■••••••••• 

35  k.  10  p 

40  k.,  39    p.,    and 

many  w 

60  k.  and  w.,  9  p. . 

12  w.  3  p 

30  or  40  k.  and  w. 

1423  k.,  5692  w.,  & 

2268  p 

fJoTifederates  defeated. 

315  k.,  1812  w.,  & 
232m 

Confederates  routed. 

18  k.  and  w. 

10  k.  and  w. 

Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 

3200  k.  w.  and  m. . 

1300  k.,  3000  w.,  & 
200  p 

Confeds.  retreated ;  great  loss. 
Confederates  defeated  with  con- 

9p 

siderable  loss. 
r!r»nfedpratea  defeated- 

several  k.  14  p 

Federals  dpfpated 

1  k.  8  w. 

9  w.  and  p 

100  p 

40  p 

100  horses  and  mules  captured. 

13* 


208 


THE    NATIONAL    HAjSTD-BOOK. 


Date. 


Xames  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


■^- 


1862. 

Oct.    22 

"       22 


Nov. 


it 
n 
a 

11 


Pocotaligo,  S.  C. 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Confed. 


G-en.  BraBnon . . 


Van  Buren,  Ark iMaj.  Lazear. . . . 


23 
23 

24 
24 
2 

2Y:Dona]dsonville,  La.. 

28  Fayetteville,  Ark 

29  5  miles  from  Petersburg,  Ya. 

29 
3 


"Waverley,  Tenn 

Shelby  Depot,  Tenn . . . 
Manassas  Junction,  Va. 

Grand  Prairie,  Mo 

7: Putnam's  Perry,  Mo.  .  . 


IMaj.  Blott. 
jCol.  Stuart. 


9 
11 
11 

11 
13 

15 

18 
18 
21 

22 
26 

27 


"  28 

"  29 

Dec.  1 


Near  Butler,  Mo. 
In  Webster  Co.,  Ky. 


Lamar,  Mo 

Near  Nashville,  Tenn. 


Maj.  P.  G.  White 
Col.  Le%vis .... 
Gen.  Weitzel . . 
Gen.  Herron. . . 
Lt.-Col.  Iswick. 
Col.  Seaman. . . 
Col.  Foster .... 


Warrenton,  Va Gen.  Reynolds. 


Piketon,  Ky 

Hudsonville,  Miss . . . 
Near  Marianna,  Ark. 


Predricksburg,  Va. .  . 
Huntsville,  Tenn .  . . . 
Near  Lebanon,  Tenn. 


Near  La  Grange,  Tenn. 
Holly  Springs,  Miss. . . 


Fayetteville,  Va 

Rural  Hills,  Tenn 

Cove  Creek,  N.  C 

Bayou    Boutouca,    near 

Pike,  La 

Near  Winchester,  Va. . . . 
Cold  Knob  Mountain,  Va. 
Near  La  Vergne,  Tenn. . . 


Fort 


Kane  Hill,  Ark 

Snicker's  Gap,  Va 

Near  Charlestown,  Va. 


Gen,  Neglers. . 


Col.  Dills 

Col.  Lee , 

Capt.  L.  M.  Per. 

kins 

Capt.  Dahlgren. 
Capt.  Duncan.. . 
Capls.     Kennett 

and  Wolford, 

Col.  Lee 

Col.  Lee 


G^n.  Beauregard 
CoL  Boon 


Col.  Craven 

Stuart's  cavalry. 
Cockerill 


Quantrell . . . . 
J.  H.  Morgan. 


Gen.  Sturgis . . . 
Col.  Hawkins.. . 
Lieut.-Col.  Mix, 


Capt.  Darling. . . 
Capt.  Harkins. . 
Col.  J.  C.  Paxton 
Cols.   Hurd  and 

Dodge  

Gen.  Blunt  .  . . 

Gen.  Stahl 

Geu.  SloGum . . . 


Morgan's  men. 


Capt.  Evans. 


Gn.  Marmaduke 


White  and  lien- 
derson 


CHKONOLOGICAL   TAJBLE    OF   THE   WAK. 


299 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Eemarks. 

Union. 

Confed. 

30  k 

.  180  w. 

Confed.  loss  not  reported. 
Confederates  defeated  with  con- 
siderable loss.                              « 

1  k 

5  w. 

40  k.  and  w.,  30  p. 
8  or  10  k.  andw. . 

It  p 
3  w. 

8  k.  20  w 

several  k.  40  p. . . 
6  k.  15  w.  208  p... 
8  k 

18  k 

74  w 

Confederates  defeated. 

16  p 

200  cattle  captured. 

3  Confederate  lieutenants  and  40' 

8  k. 

10  w 

30  k.  andw 

25  p 

horses  and  carts  captured. 

5  k. 

L9  w 

23  p 

7  p 

150  muskets  and  40  horses  and; 

80  p 

wagons  captured. 

16  k.  175p 

5  k.  several  w , . . . 
39  p 

J  w 

Confederates  defeated 

6  k.  several  w.... 

7  k.  125  p 

16  k".  134  p 

4   k.   several   cap- 
tured   

DnnfpHprflf.PS  rlpfpflf.prl 

16  k 

TipfV.  nn  flip  fiplfl 

Confederates  defeated. 

Iw 

4  k.  several  w 

4  k 

30  horses  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

100  p 

lOw. 

Several  k 

Confederates  defeated. 

45  k.  40  p 

5  k.  18  w 

Confederates  defeated. 

300 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


1862. 


Dec. 


Kames  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


'  12 

'  12 

'  12 

'■  13 

'  13 

'  14 

'  17 

'  18 

'     21 

'  24 
'  25 
'     27 

'     28 
27-29 
30 
1863. 

Jan'y   2 


Franklin,  Ta.  ...    . . .. 

Near  Charlestown,  Va. 

Oxford,  Miss 

Helena,  Ark. 


Prairie  Grove,  N.  "W.  Ark. 


Hartsville,  Tenn. 


Xear  Corinth,  Miss.  . . 
Near  Kingston,  N.  C. 
Franklin,  Tenu 


Fredericksburg)  Va. 


Tuscumbia,  Ala. 
Kingston,  N.  C. 
Goldsboro,  N.  C. 
Lexington,  Kj. . 


Davis  Mills,  Wolf  River,  Miss , 


Near  Munfordsville,  Ky . 
Near  Munfordsville,  Ky. 
Dumfries,  Va 


Elkford,  Ky 

Vicksburg,  Miss 

Parker's  Cross  Reads,  Tenn. . . 

Stone  River,  or  Murfreesboro, 
Tenn 


3  Near  La  G-range,  Ark. 
8  Springfield,  Mo 


"  8 
"  9 
"     10 


Ripley,  Tenn . . 
Suffolk,  Va.... 
Hartsville,  Mo. 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Col.  Spear  . , 
Gen.  Geary  , 
Col.  Hatch . , 


Gens.  Blunt  and 
Herron 


Col.  A.  B.  Moore 

Col.  Sweeney . . . 
Gen.  Foster .... 
Gen.A.S.Stanley 
Gen.  Burnside. . 


Gen.  Foster. . . . 
Gen.  Foster. . . . 
Col.  B.  G.  Inger- 

soll 

Col.  K.  H.Morgan 

Capt.  Dickeys. . . 

Col.  Gray 

Col.  C.  Candy.. 


Maj.  Foley 

Gen.  Sherman. 
Gen,  Sullivan. . 


Gen.  Rosecrans. 

Gen.Washburne 

Gen.  Brown  and 

Col.  Crabb... 

Capt.  Moore. . . . 
Gen.  Corcoran. . 
Col.  Merritt .... 


Confed. 


Gens.  Hindman, 
Marmaduke, 
Parsons,  and 
Frost 

Gen.  J.  H.Mor- 
gan  

Col.  Roddy 


Gen.  Lee. 


Gen.  Evans. . 
Gen.  Evans. . 

Gen.  Forrest. 
Gen.  Van 


Gen.  Morgan. . . 

Gen.  Morgan . . . 

Gens.   Stuart    & 

FitzHugh  Lee. 


Gen.  Johnston. 
Gen.  Forrest . . . 


Gen.  Bragg. 


Gens.  Mannar 
duke  and  Bur- 
bridge 

Lt.-Col.  Dawson. 

Gen.  Pryor 

Gen.Mannaduke 


CHKONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAE. 


301 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


20  k.  andw, 


495  k.  600  w. 


55  k.  100  w. 
Ik.  2p 


1  k 

1512  k.,  6000  w.,  & 

2078  p 

4k.  14w 

90  k.  478  w 


40  k. 


23  p. 


10  k.  andw. 


191k.98'2  w.756m 
200  k.  andw 


1533  k„  6000    w. 


15  k.  50w. .. 
3tv 

Ted.  loss  104. 
35  k.  andw. . 


Confed. 


70  k.  &  w.,  145  p. 

92  p 

8  k.  30  p 


1500  k.  andw 

Loss     about     the 

same 

11  k.  30w 

400  p 

5  k.  lOw 


Loss  1800 

70  p 

Ylk.  268w.,  400p. 


2  k.,  30  w.,  20  p. , 


9  k.  22  w. 


30  or  40  k.  andw. 
30  k.,  176  w.,  51  p. 


600  w. 


10  k.  and  w.,  10  p, 


8  k.,  20  w.,  46p. 


150  k.  andw.  150  p 


Eemarks. 


Confed.  defeated  with  severe  loss. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Confederates  repulsed. 


Confederates  defeated. 

Federals  surrendered. 

1 3  pieces  artillery,  etc.,  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Federals  repulsed. 
Confederates  routed. 
13  pieces  of  artillery  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Federals  defeated. 

100  stand  of  Confederate  arms  left 

on  the  field. 
Federals  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Confederates  routed. 
80  Confederate  horses  captured. 
Confederate  loss  not  reported. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Confeds.  defeated.  Their  loss 
over  10,000,  of  which  9,000 
were  killed  and  wounded. 


Confederate  loss  200. 
Confederates  defeated. 


302 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 

1863. 

Jan'y  11 


"  26 
"  30 
"     30 

"     31 

Feb'y   3 

"       3 


"  4 
"  10 
"  12 
15 


(( 


"  15 

"  15 

"  19 

"  20 

"  26 

"  27 
March  1 

"  2 

"  2 

"  4 

«  5 

"  7 

"  10 

»  n 

"  17 

"  IS 

"  20 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Capture  of  Fort  Hindman,  on 
the  Arkansas  River 


Near  "Woodbury,  Tenn 

Trenton,  Tenn 

Deserted  House,  9  miles  from 

Suffolk,  Va , 

Fear  Nashville,  Tenn 

Mingo  Swamp,  ilo 

Fort  Donelson,  Tenn , 


Near  Lake  Providence,  La. 

Old  River,  La 

Near  Bolivar,  Tenn 


Canesville,  Tenn. 


Nolensville,  Tenn 

Arkadelphia,  Ark 

Coldwater,  Miss 

Yazoo  Pass 

Woodstock,  Va 

1 5  miles  from  Newbem, 

BradyviUe,  Tenn 

Near  Petersburg,  Tenn . 

Aldie,  Va 

Chapel  Hill,  Tenn 

Near  Franklin,  Tenn. . . 


N.  C. 


Unionville,  Tenn 

Near  Covington,  Tenn. 

Kelly's  Ford,  Va 

Near  Franklin,  Va  . . . . 

Berwick  Bay,  La 

Near  Milton,  Tenn 


"     30 

"     30 

April    1 

"       2 
»       2 


22  Near  Blue  Spring,  Mo. 
29  Near  SomerviUe,  Tenn. 

Near  Somerset,  Ky. . . . 

Point  Pleasant,  W.  Va. 

DoanesviUe,  Va 

Woodbury,  Tenn 

In  Jackson  Co.,  Mo.. . . 


Adm.  Porter  and 
Gen.  McCler. 
nand , 

G-en.  Pahner. . . . 

Col.  Wood 


Confed. 


Gen.  Corcoran . . 


Maj.  Reeder . . 
Col.  Harding. 


Capt.  Tucker. 


OoL  Monroe. . . 

Sergt.  Holmes. 
Capt.  Brown . . 
Lt.-Ool.  Wood. 
5th  Illinois . . . 


Capt.  Jacobs . . . 
Gen.  Rosecrans. 


Capt.  Schultze . 
Col.  Johnson. . 
CoL  Colburn. . . 


Gen.  Manly  . . 
Col.  Grierson. . 
Gen.  AverilL. . 

CoL  Spear 

Capt.  Perkins. 
Col.  Hall 


I  Gen.  Gillmore. 


1st  Vermont. 
Gen.  Hazen . . 
'Maj.  Ransom. 


Gen.  Churchill. . 
Capt.  Dawson . . 
Gen.  Pry  or 


D.  McGee 

Wheeler        and 

Forrest 

"3d  La." 


Morgan's  Cav. . . 


Morgan. 


Mosby 

Col.  Roger. 
Van  Dorn.. 


Gen.  Russell . . . 
Col.  Richardson. 


Morgan  and 
Breckinridge . 
Quantrell 


Pegram 

Gen.  Jenkins. 
Capt.  Mosby. . 


Hicks . 


CHEONOLOGICAL   TAELE   OF   THE   WAE. 


303 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Nearly  1000  k.,  w. 

and  missing. . . . 

2  k.  9  w 


5  w. 


12  k.  30  w.. 
8  k.  and  w. 


2  k.  12  w 

6  k.,  3  w.,  15  p. 

5  w 

200k.dndp.... 

1  w 

15  k.  and  w. . . . 


Confed. 


5.50  k.  &w.  5000  p. 

35  k.  100  p 

34  p.  or  killed 


Remarks. 


12  k.,  12  w.,  300  p 
9  k.  20  w 


100  k.,  300  w,  and 
1200  p 


1  k.  16  w. 


T  k.  3-w 

9  k.  5  m.  several  w. 
40  k.  andw 


1  k.  1  w 

60  k,,  w.,  and  p. 


1 00  k.  400  w.  300  p 

HO  k.  and  w 

Ilk.  and  w.,  25  p, 

4  k.  5  w 

20  k.,  many  w.,  6  p. 

8  k.,  20  w.,  4  p. 
14  k,  12  w 


6  k.  26  p. 


3  k.  48  p 

8  k..  30  w.,  89  p. 

12  k.20  w 

30  p 

12  k.  72p 


1 20  k.  300  w. 
50  k.  180  w. . 
25  k.  many  p. 
86  p 


1 0  k.  20  w. 


40  k.  140  w.  12  m. 


12  k.  14  p. 


12  k.  30  w.  andp. 
iTk 


Confederates  defeated. 

Loss  in  killed  and  wounded  on 
each  side  about  60. 

D.  McGee  killed. 

Confederates  repulsed. 
90  horses  taken. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Federals  defeated. 
50  horses,  300  stand  of  arms  cap- 
tured. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Federals  routed. 
Confederates  dispersed. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  retreated. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 


Federals  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Federals  defeated. 
Federals  retreated. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Confederates  defeated. 
Federals  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Conf.  loss  350.  450  cattle  capt'rd.  ^ 

Federals  defeated, 
Confederates  defeated. 


304 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


1863. 

April    2 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Snow  Hill,  Tenu. 


10  Franklin,  Tenn  . . . 
14  Bayou  Teche,  La  . . 
19  Cold  water,  Tenn... 

20!PattGrson,  Mo 

22  Near  Strasburg,  Va. 


Gen.  Stanley. 


Gen.  Granger. 


"     26 
May      1 

"       1 


Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 
Near  Franklin,  Tenn. 


Near  SufiPolk,  Va.,  on  the  Nan- 

semond  River 

1  Port  Gibson,  Miss 

1  Monticello,  Ky 

1  Near  La  Grange,  Ark 

2 ^Before  Fredei'icksburg,  Va. . . 
2-3  Ohancellorsville,  Va 


Col.  Bryant. .  . 
Col.  Smart... 
Majors     McGee 

and  White . 
Gen.  McNeil. . 
Col.  Campbell. 


"  8 

"  3 

"  6 

"  12 

"  14 

"  16 

"  Itt 
18-22 

"  19 

"  20 

"  27 


June 


28 
6 
9 

14 

21 
24 
24 
26 


Warrenton  Junction 

Hain's  Bluff  on  the  Miss. . 

Tupelo,  Miss 

Raymond,  Mass 

Near  Jackson,  Miss 

Champion  Hill,  Miss 

aiiss 

Miss 


Big  Black  River, 
Vicksburg, 


Col.  Corvvyn. . . . 

Gen.  McPherson 

Gen.  Grant 

Gen.  Grant 

Gen.  Grant 

Gen.  Grant  and 
Adm.  Porter. 

Gen.  Mikoy 

Gen.  Stanley. . . 

Gen.  Banks  and 
Ad.  Farragut. 

Near  Doniphan,  Mo 'Major  Lippert. . 

Millikeo's  Bend,  Miss |Gen.  Thomas. .. 


Near  Winchester,  Va. 
Middle  town,  Tenn  ...  . 
Port  Hudson,  La. 


Col.  Nixon 

Gen.  Grant. ... 
Gen.  Carter  . . 
Capt.  De  Huff. , 
Gen.  Sedgwick, 
Gen.  Hooker . . . 


Col.  De  Forrest. 


Beverly  Ford,  Va . 


Winchester,  Va 

Near  Middleburg,  Va.  - 
Hoover's  Gap,  Tenn  . 
Liberty  Gap,  Tenn.  . . 
South  ^Inna,  Va , 


Gens.  Buford  & 

Gregg 

Gen.  Milroy.  . . . 
Gen.  Pleasanton 

Col.  Hoover 

Gen.  Willich... 
Col.  Spear 


Confed. 


Morton 

Wharton. 
Van  Dorn. . 


anc* 


Marmaduke . . 
Van    Dorn's 
Pickets . . . 


Gen.  J.S.Bowen. 
Col.  Morrison. . . 


Gen.  Lee. 


Gen.  Mosby 


Gen.  Ruggles. . . 
Gen.  Gregg.  . . . 
Gen.  Johnston.. 
Gen.  Pemberton 
Gen.  Pemberton 

Gen.  Pemberton 


Gen.  Gardner. 


Gn.  McCullough 

Gn.J.E.B.Stuart 

&  F.  Hugh  Lee 

Gen.  EweU 


Gen.W.  F.  Lee. 


CHKONOLOGICAL   TAELE   OF   THE   WAR. 


305 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Confed. 


15  or  20  k.  50  p. 

100 300  k.  and  w. 

350 


10  k.  20  w.. 
50  k.  aud  w. 


2 

6  k.  6  w. 


41  k.  and  w 

130  k.  118  w.  5  ni. 


41  k.,  w.,  and  m. . 

2000  k.  and  w 

15,000  k,   and  w., 
17,000  p 


80  k.  andw. 


61  k.  181  w 

40  k.  240  w.  6  m. 
42G  k.  1842  w... 
29  k.  242  w 


Loss  about  2500. 


900  k.,  w.,  and  m . 
80  k.,  w.,  and  m . . 
127 k.  287 w.  151 m 

380  k.,  \v.,  and  m. 
2000 


45  k.  andw.. 
90  k.  loo  w. 


20  k.  40. 


5  k.,  9  w.,  25  p.. . 
40  k.  200  w 

30  k.  and  w.,  lip. 


Eemarks. 


Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  repulsed. 
Confederate  loss  much  greater. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Federals  defeated. 

Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 


Confeds.  defeated  with  severe  loss 
1500  k.,w.,  and  p.jConfederates  defeated. 
{Confederates  defeated. 

Federals  defeated. 


18,000  k.  and  w. 
5000  p 


90  p 

7.5k.  250  w.  186 p.. 

40O  k.  andw 

4000  k.,  w.,  and  m 
2600 


Loss  not  reported. 

6  k.  7  p 

8  k.  90  p 


600  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


200  k.  500  w.  &m 

750  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
850  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
150k.  andw.,  80  p. 


110  p., 


Confed.  defeated  with  heavy  loss. 
Xaval  engagement. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Confederates  defeated. 
29  cannon  captured. 
17  cannon  captured. 


Confederates  defeated. 
200  horses  captured. 

Federals  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 


Federals  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Confeds.  defeated  with  heavy  loss. 
Confeds.  defeated  with  heavy  loss. 
300  horses,  35  wagons,  aud  their 
commander  captured. 


306 


THE   NATIONAL    HAJSTD-BOOK. 


Bate     rf^''>ii'Ps  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gag-emeiits,  and  Skirmishes. 


1863. 

June  2G  Slielbjvillc,  Tenn. 
July     1 
"     2-3 

4 

4 


12 
12 
14 
17 
18 
"18-lH 
"   19 

"   23 
"   2G 


Aug.  20 
"   22 

"   28 
Sept.  7 


G-ettysburg 

Gettysburg 

Surrender  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Helena,  Ark 


Bolton,  Miss. 


Surrender    of   Port    Hudson, 

Miss 

Near  Jaoksou,  Miss 

Jackson,  Miss 

Palling  Waters,  Va 

Elk  Creek,  Ark 

Honev  Springs.  Ind.  Territory. 

Fort  Wagner,  S.  C 

Wytheville,  W.  Ya 


Commanders. 


Union. 


G-en.  Eosecrans. 
G-en.  Meade . . . . 

Gen.  Mead 

Gen.  Grant  . . .  . 
Gen.  Prentiss . . 


Gen.  Grant. 


Manassas  Gap,  Va. 
New  Lisbon,  Ohio. 


Chickamauga  . . . 
Pocahontas,  Ark. 


Warm  Spring,  Va 
Fort  Sumter 


"19-20 

Oct. 

"       14 
27-28 

Nov.  3 
"  16 
Nov.  17 
to  Dec  4 
Nov.  24 


Tilford,  Tenn 

Cumberland  Gap,  Tenn. 


Chickamauga 


Farmington,  Tenn... 
Bristow  Station,  Va.. 
Brown's  Ferry,  Tenn. 


Bayou  Cokay,  La 

Campbell  Station,  Tenn . 


Knoxvillc,  Tenn. . . 
Lookout  Mountain. 


Gen.  Banks .... 

CoL  Platch 

Gen.  Lanmann. . 
Gen.  Kilpatrick . 

Gen.  Blunt 

Gen.  Blunt 

Gen.  Gilmore... 

Cols.   Tolland  & 

Powell 


Col.  Shackleford. 


T.  H.  Stevens. 


Confed. 


Gen.  Bragg. . .  . 

Gen.  Lee 

Gen.  Lee 

Gen.  Pemberton 

Generals  Price, 
Holmes,  and 
Marraaduke . . 

Gen.  Johnson . . 


Gen.  Gardner. . 


Gen.  Cooper. . . . 
Gen.  Cooper. . . . 
Gn.  Beauregard. 


Gen.  Morgan . . . 

Gen.  Bragg. . . . 

Gen.     Jefi".      C. 

Thompson  . . . 


Gen.  Burnside.. .  Gen.  Frazier. 
Gen.  Rosecrans. iGen.  Bragg. . 


Gen.  Cook ..... 
Gen.  Warren. . . 
Gens.    Smith   & 

Hooker 

Gen.  Burbridge. 
Gen.  Burnside.. 

Gen.  Burnside.. 
Hooker 


Gen.  Wheeler . . 
Gen.  A.  P.  Hill 

Gen.  Longstreet 


Gen.  Longstreet 

Gen.  Longstreet 
Bragg  


CHRONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAK. 


307 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Confcd. 


Eemarks. 


85  k.  463  w.  13m. 


Total  loss  -iR,  1  DR. .  Total  loss  37,000. . 
245  k.  3688  w.  &  9000  k.  &  w.  and 
30,000  p. 

50Ok.  orw.,1000p 
4uOO  p 


803  p. 
250  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


1 3  Ic.  and  w 

300  k.  and  w 

29  k.  3G  w 

10  k.  25  w 

9  k.  50  w 

TOO  k.,  w.  and  m. 


65  k.  and  w. 
30k.  80  w... 


114... 
300  p. 


1644   k.    9262    w. 

4945  m 

29  k.  150  w 

51  k.  329  w 


1C>  k.  339  w.  22  m. 
ISk.-lOU  w.  559ni, 
400 


600. 


5500  p 

ns  k.  and  w. 


1300  p.  130  k.  &w. 
4(i()  k.  or  w.  60  p. 
50  k.  75  w.  65  p. . 
500  k.  331  w 


75  k.  150  p 

300  k.  or  w.,  60  p. 


100  p. 
2oO.. 


2000  p. 


Confed.  k.<few,  notrep'td;  1634  p. 
Gen.  Keynolds  killed. 

Confederates  paroled. 


Confederates  defeated. 
Rear-guard    of  Johnson's   army 
captured. 


17,000  k.,  T^.,&m. 
125  k.  &  w.,  300  p. 
1200  k.  &w.  800  p. 

Loss  over  1000. . . 

loO  k.  200  p 

1000 


1600. 


400  conscripts  released. 

Confederates  defeated. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Federals  repulsed. 

Virginia  and  Tennessee  Railroad 

destroyed. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Gen.  Morgan  and  all  his  cavalry, 

400  men,  captured. 
Federals  defeated. 
Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Thompson  and  Staff 

captured. 

Naval  engagement.  Federals  de- 
feated. 

Federals  defeated. 

A  large  supply  of  army  stores 
captured. 

Federals  defeated. 

Confederates  defeated. 

Confederates  withdrew. 


F'iglit  above  clouds.  Bragg  deft'd 


308 


THE    NATIOjSTAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


1863. 

TSl.2i;-25 
"       25 

"       27 

27-3n 

Dec.    14 

"       25 

"       2G 

1864. 

Jan.      '2 

3 

12 

11 

2S 

29 

30 


Feb. 


3 

4 
14 
20 


22-25 

"       22 

March  5 

"  9-10 
"  16 
«  21 
"  21 
25 

Ap'18-9 

I   "       12 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
giicrements,  and  Skirmishes. 


Chattanooga,  Tenn 

Capture  of  Missionary  Eidge, 

Va .\. 

Ringgold,  G-a 

Locust  Grove,  Va 

Beau  Station 

Pulaslii,  Tenn 

Charleston,  Tenn 


Near  Moorfield,  Va 

JonesviUe,  Va 

Mossy  Creek,  Tenn 

Near  Dandridge,  Tenn 

Tunnel  Hill,  Ga 

Scottville,  Ky. 

Federal  supply  train  captured 
near  Petersburg,  W.  Va — 


Bolton,  Miss.. 


Newbem,  N.  C. 
Clinton,  Miss. . . 
Gainesville,  Fla. 
Olustee,  Fla.  . . . 


Tunnel  Hill,  Ga 

Near  Drainsville,  Va. 
Yazoo  City 


Suffolk,  Va 

Near  Fort  Pillow 

Henderson's  Hih 

Near  Alexandria 

At  Fed.  Fork,  Paducah,  Ky. 


Mansfield,  La. 
Fort  Pillow.. 


17-20  Plymouth,  N.  0 

•'       24  Cane  River,  La 

25  Supply   train    captured    near 
Pine  Bluff,  Ark 


Commanders. 


Union. 


G-Qn.  Grant. .  . 

Gen.  Hooker. 
Gen.  Hooker. 
G-en.  i'.ieade.  . 
Shackletbrd . . 
Geu.  Doage. . 
Col.  Luberk . . 


Gen.  McCook. 


Maj.  Johnson.. 


Col.  Snyder. . . . 
Sherman's      ad- 
vance   

Gen.  Foster. . . . 


Capt.  Roberts. 
Gen.  Seymour. 

G-en.  Palmer. . 


Gen.  Mower. 

Banks  

Col.  Hicks.. 


Gen.  Banks 

Majs.   Booth    & 

Bradford  .... 

Gen.  Wessels . . 

Gen.  A.  T.  Smith 


Col.  Drake. 


Confed. 


Gen.  Bragg. 


Bragg 


Gen.  Hardee. 
Gen.  Lee.  . . . 
Longstreet.  . . 


Gen.  Wheeler. 


G-en.  Pickett. 


Gen.  Gardner. . 

Gen.  Wheeler. 
Mosby 


Gen.  Forrest. . . 

Kirby  Smith.. . 

Gen.  Forrest . . . 

Gen.  Hoke 

Gen.Dick  Taylor 


CHKONOLOGICAL   TABLE   OF   THE   WAE. 


509 


j          Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Eemarks. 

Union. 

Confed. 

40OO 

About  16,000 

Bragg  defeated. 

800 

800  p 

Confed.  k.  and  w.  not  reported. 

1000 

2500 

200 

i         ,                , . . , 

800  k.  and  w 

50  p 

Forrest's  guerrillas  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

121  p 

■■ 

13  k.  20  w. 

Confederates  defeated. 

60  k.  or  w..  300  p. 

1         ... 

14  k.  49  p 

Confederates  defeated. 

150  k.  and  w. . . . . 

Federals  defeated. 

i 

32  k.  and  iCo.  p.. 
40  k.  20  p 

Confederates  defeated. 

1 

Confederates  defeated. 

80  k.  and  w. 

12  k.  35  w. 

Confeds.    defeated.     Loss  much 
greater. 

Confed.  Battery  defeated. 
Confederates  routed. 

212  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

800  k.,  w.,  and  m . 

100 

1500 

Federals   defeated.     Confederate 

"75  k.  and  w 

300  p 

loss  about  the  same. 
Killed  and  wounded  not  reported. 

8  k.  7  w.  15in 

Federals  defeated. 

Confederates  defeated  with  con- 

25 k 

siderable  loss. 
Suffolk  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

50  k.  and  w. 

282  p 

Confederate  camp  captured. 

306  p 

1000  k.  and  w 

2000  p 

14  k.  46  w. 

600k.&w.  1500p. 

600  k.  100  w 

150  k.  1700  p 

80  k.  andw 

2000  p 

Town  nearly  destroyed  by  the 

bombardment. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Loss  not  reported. 

loOO  k.  and  w 

1000 

9  guns  captured. 

310 


THE   NATIONAL    HANE-BOOK. 


Date. 


1864. 

May  5-7 


8-11 
"  10 
"  10 
"     12 


12-15 
13-15 
"  15 
19-20 
"     24 

May  25 
"     28 

Junel-3 

June    5 


(I 
(1 


9 
10 
11 


15-18 


u 


July 


22 

27 

9 


"     12 
J'yl3-15 

"  20 
"  20 
"  2-2 
27-30 
Ag.  5-20 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, aud  Skirmishes. 


Wilderness,  Ya. 


Rock  Face  Ridge,  Ga. 
Spottsylvania  C.  H. . . 
Near  Wytheville,  Va . 
Spottsylvania  C.  H . . . 


Fort  Darling,  Va 

Resaca,  Ga 

New  Market,  Va 

Bermuda  Hundred,  Va. 
Wilson's  Landing,  Va. . 

Near  Dallas,  Ga 

Dallas,  Ga 

Cold  if  arbor,  Va ..... . 


Piedmont,  Va. 


Mount  Sterling 

Guntowa,  Miss 

Near  Cynthiana,  Ky. 


Petersburg,  Va. 


Weldon  Railroad,  Va. . . 
Near  Kenesaw  Mt.,  Ga. 
Monocac}',  Md . .    


Silver  Springs,  D.  C 

Between  Pontotoc  and  Tupelo, 

Tenn 

Before  Winchester,  Va 

Peach  Tree  Creek,  Ga 

Before  Atlanta,  Ga ; . 

Petersburg,  Va 

Mobile  Bay,  Ala 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Gens.  Grant, 
Meade,  and 
Buriiside  . . . 

Gen.  Sherman. 

Grant 

Gen.  Averill. . . 
Gen.  Grant. . . . 


Gen.  Butler. . . . 
Gen.  Sherman . . 

Gen.  Sigel 

Gen.  Butler. . . . 

Gen.  Wild 

Gen.  Hooker. . . 

Gen.  Sherman . . 

Gens.  Grant  aud 

Meade 


Gen.  Burbridge . 

Gen.  Slurgis 

Gen.  Burbi  idge . 

Gens.  Grant  and 

Meade 

Gen.  Meade .... 
Gen.  Slierman . . 
Gen.  Wallace. . . 

Gen.  Augur.  . . . 
Gens.  Smith  and 

Slocum 

Gen.  Averill...  . 
Gen.  Sherman. . 
Gen.  Sherman. . 

Gen.  Grant 

Adm.Farragut  & 

Gen.  Granger. 


Confed 


Gen.  Lee. 


Gn.  Joe  Johnson 

Lee 

Gen.  Jones 

Gen,  Lee 


Gn.  Beauregard. 
Gn.  Joe  Johnson 
Breckinridge.  . . 
Gn.  Beauregard. 
Gn.  Fitz  H.  Lee. 
Gen.  Hardee. . . 
Gen,  Longstreet. 

Gen.  Lee 


E.  Kirby  Smith, 
Gen.  Morgan . . , 


Gen.  Lee 

Gen.  Lee 

Gen.  Johnson.. 
Gen.  J,  Early. 


Gen.  Ea,v\j. 


Gen.  Forrest . . . 

Gen.  Early 

Gen.  Hood 

Gen.  Hood 

Gen.  Lee 

Gn.Page  &  Adm. 
Buchanan... . 


CHKONOLOGICAL    TABIE    OF   THE   WAK. 


311 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Confed. 


800  k.,  w.,  and  m , 


5000  k.,  w.,  and  m 

TOO  k.  2800  w 

97  k.  440  w.  225  m 

300 

40  k.  and  w . . . . , 

1500..; 

300 , 


9000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


986  k.  &  w.  1000  p 
200  k.  &w.  1200  p. 


10,000 

600  k.  &w.  2500  p 

1500 

1000 


200  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


300 

250  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
1713  k.,  w.,  andm. 

3521 

6000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

120  k.  88  w 


650  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
1000  p 


Loss  much  greater. 
Loss  not  reported. 
1000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

Not  stated 

275  k.  andw.,  lip 


Eemarks. 


2500  k.&w.,  300  p, 

8000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
1500  p 


700  p 

Loss  not  reported 
305  k.  275  w.  400  p 


Not  reported 

Loss  not  reported . 


Not  reported .... 
100  k.,  many  w. . . 


2000 

300  k.  &  w.,  200  p. 
5000  k.  &  w.  1000  p 

10,000 

1200  k.,  w.,  and  m. 


1756  p. 


Confd.  Gen.  Longstreet  wounded. 
Gens.  Wadsvvorth  and  Hayes 
killed.  Loss  about  28,000  on 
each  side. 

Loss  about  10.000  on  each  side. 

Gen.  Jones  defeated. 

Confeds.  lost  betVu.  3000  &  4000 
prisoners,  including  2  general 
officers  &  30  pieces  of  artillery. 


Federals  defeated. 


Confeds.  about  the  same  loss. 
Confederates  retreated. 


3  guns  and  3000  stand  of  arms, 
stores,  etc.,  were  captured,  and 
a  large  number  of  Confederates 
•  killed  and  wounded. 

Confederates  defeated. 

Federals  defeated  and  the  town 
burned. 


Johnson  flanked. 
Federals  overpowered  and  forced 
to  retreat. 


Confederates  defeated. 
Early  defeated. 

Gen.  McPherson  killed. 

K.  and  w.  not  reported.  150  guns 
captured. 


312 


THE   NATIONAL,    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 


1864. 

Aug.  14'Strawberry  Plains,  Ya. 

15-18  Deep  Bottom,  Ya 

16  Crooked  lluii,  Va 


18 

-22 

(t 

19 

li 

21 

(( 

21 

11 

24 

i( 

25 

'  II 

31 

Sept. 

8 
4 

<I 

16 

1< 

19 

II 

21 

u 

26 

Sept.  29 
to  Oct.  1 

Sept. 
Oct. 

30 
2 

II 

7 

II 

9 

II 

10 

11 

13 

11 

13 

« 

19 

ii 

19 

n 

26 

(1 

27 

0.  28-30 

11 

28 

Nov, 

5 

Commanders. 


Union. 


Jonesboro,  Ga. 


Ya. 


At  Six  Mile  Station, 

On  Weldon  Road 

Summit  Point,  Ya 

Dalton,  Ga 

On  the  Weldon  Road 

Before  Atlanta 

Drakesville  &  Perry ville,  Ya. 
Greenville^  Teun 


Sycamore  Church,  Ya. 


Bunker  Hill,  near  Winchester, 

Ya 

Fisher's  Hill,  Ya 

Ironton,  Mo 


Richmond  and  Petersburg,  Ya. 

Preble's  Farm 

Abingdon,  Ya 

Darbytown     Road    and   New 

Market  Heights. . '. 

Fisher's  Hill,  Va 

AUatoona,  Ga 

Darbytown  Road,  Ya' 

Bull's  Gap,  Va 

Cedar  Creek,  Ya 

Lexington,  Mo 

Mins  Creek,  Mo 


Darbytown,  Williamsburg 

Road,  and  Hatcher's  Run,  Ya 

Decatur 

Norristown,  E.  Tenn 


Fort  Sedgwick,  Va. 


Gen.  Grant. 
Gen.  Grant.. 
Gen.  Merrill. 


Gen.    Kilpatrick 

and  Col.  Minty 

Gen.  Warren. .  . 

Gen.  Grant 

Gen.  Sheridan. . 

Col.  Siebold 

Gen.  Grant 

Gen.  Sherman. 


Confed. 


Gen.  Lee. . . . 

Gt-n.  Lee 

Gens    Lomax 

Wickham . . . . 
Gen.   Ross    Fer- 


& 


Gen.  Gillam .... 

Gens.  Gregg  and 
Kautz 


Gen.  Sheridan. 
Gen.  Sheridan. 
Gen.  Ewing. . . 


Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 

Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 


Grant 

"Warren . . . 
Burbridge . 

Butler. . . . 
Sheridan. . 

Corse 

Terry 

Gillem.... 
Sheridan . . 

Blunt 

Pleasanton 


Gen.  Grant.. 
Col.  Morgan. 
Gen.  Gillam . 


guson 

Gen.  Pickett. . 
Gen.  Lee. . . . 
Gen.  Early . .  . 
Gen.  Wheeler. 
Gen.  Lee .... 
Gen.  Hood.  . . 


John  Morgan . . . 


Gen.  Hampton, 


Gen.  Early. 
Gen.  Early. 
Gen.  Price. 


Gen.  Lee . 


Gen.  Echols 

Gen.  Anderson. 
Gen.  Rosser .... 

Gen.  French 

Gen. .... 

Gn.  Breckinridge 

Gen.  Early 

Gen.  Price 

Gen.  Price 


Gen.  Lee . 
Rhoddy 


Vaughn. 


CHEONOLOGICAX,    TABLE    OP   THE    WAE. 


313 


Killed,  Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


Total  loss  1100. 
Total  loss  4000. 


TO. 


S14  k.  and  w. 

3000 

600 

flOO 

30 


1000  k.  &w.3000p, 
50  k.  439  w.  50  m, 
300 


110  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

3000  k.  and  w... , 

600  k.  and  w 

9  k.  60  w 


6000  k.,  w.,  andm. 
500  k.  &w.,  1500  p, 
350 


500 

60 

600  k.,  w.,  and  m 

414 

220 

4000  k.&w.  1300  p 


1000  k.  &w.  2000  p 


400  k.  1500  w. 

800  m 

100 


TO. 


Ccnfed. 


250  p. 
2500.. 


500. 


1000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 

1500  p 

2000 


150 

1500  k.  and  w. . . , 
5000  k.,  w.,  and  m , 

70  p , 

100  k.  75  p.  .,.., 


w. 


90  k.  and  w. . , 
500  k.  4000 

2500  p 

400  k.  &  w.  1100  p 
1500  k.  and  w. . . . 


50  p 

18  k.  71  w.  21  m., 


1000 

330  p 

275  k.  &  w.,  500  p. 
200 


28.00  k.&w.  1300  p 
900  k.,  1000  p 


1600  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
400  p.,  many  k.&w. 
200  p 


120. 


Eemarks. 


Confed.  k.  and  w.  not  ffiven. 


Confederates  defeated. 


Confederates  defeated. 

Confederate  loss  not  reported. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Confederates  repulsed. 
Confederates  repulsed. 
Morgan's  staff  taken  prisoners. 
Moro'an  killed. 


Confed.  Gens.   Rhodes  and   Gor- 
don killed. 
16  confed.  ejuns  captured. 
Confederates  defeated. 

Confed.  loss  about  2400. 


Confed.  k.  and  w.  not  given. 
Confederates  defeated. 
Federals  retreated. 
Confederate  loss  not  given. 

Blunt- defeated. 

Gens.  Marmaduke  and  Cabell, 
2800  wounded  Confeds.,  and 
1500  stand  of  arms  captured. 


8    pieces    of   artillery  captured 

from  the  Confederates. 
Confederates  defeated. 


314 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK 


Date. 


1864. 

Nov.  12 
Nov  29 
to  Dec.  7 
Nov.  30 

Dec.  1 
"  7 
"  13 
"  14 
15-21 
Dec.  15 
D.  15-16 

"     17 
23-25 

1865 

Jan.  15 
Feb.  5-7 

"     11 
17-19 

20-22 

Feb.  27 
toMh.lO 
March  2 

"    10 

"  11 

"  16 

"  19 

"  29 


Names  and  Places  of  Battles,  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


Near  Nineveh,  Va 

Grahanjsville   and  Pocotaligo, 

S.  C 

Franklin,  Tenn 


Nashville,  Tenn 

Near  Murfreesboro. 
Kingsport,  E.  Tenn. 

Bristol,  Tenn 

Savannah,  G-a 

Near  Murfreesboro. 
Nashville 


Ashby  ville,  Ky . . . 
Fort  Fisher,  N.  C. 


Fort  Fisher.  N,  C. 

Dabney   Mills   and    Hatcher's 

Eui),  Va 

Near  "Wilmington,  N.  C 

Fort  Anderson,  N.  C 


Wilmington,  N.  C. 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Powell . 


Gen.  Foster.  . .  . 
G-en.  Scholield . . 

Gen.  Thomas.  . . 

Rosseau 

Gen.  Burbridge. 
Gen.  Burbridge. 
Gen.  Sherman. . 


Gen.  Thomas . . . 

Gen.  McCook. . . 

Gen.  Butler  and 

Rear  Ad.  Porter 


Waynesboro,  James  River,  and 
Virginia  Central  Railroad 

Between  Charlottesville  and 
Staunton 

Kingston,  N.  C 


Kingston,  N.  C .  . . 
Averasboro,  N.  C. , 
Bentonville,  N.  C. 
Quaker  Road 


27-25  Petersburg,  Va. 


April    1 


Five  Forks. 


G^en.  Terry 

Gen.  Grant  and 

Meade 

Gen.  Terry 

Gen.  Sehofield  & 

Rear  Ad.  Porter 
Gen.  Sehofield  & 

Rear  Ad.  Porter 

Gen.  Sheridan. . 


Confed. 


Gen.  Lomax. 


Gen.  Hood. 

Gen.  Hood. 
Forrest . . . . 
Basil  Duke 


Gen.  Hardee. 

Forrest 

Hood 


Gen.  Lyon. . . 
Gen.  Whiting. 


Gen.  Lee. 


Gen.  Hoke. .  . , 
Gen.  Bragg. . , 
Gen.  Early 


Sheridan 

Gen.  Sehofield . 


Cox  and  Couch . 
Gen.  Sherman. . 
Gen.  Sherman . . 
Sheridan 


Gens.  Grant  and 
Meade 

Sheridan  and 
Warren 


Early. 
Bragg 


Hill  and  Hoke . . 
Gen.  Johnson. . . 
Gen.  Johnson. . . 
Bushrod  Johnson 


Gen.  Lee. 
Gen.  Lee. 


CHRONOLOGICAL    TABLE   OF   THE   WAU. 


315 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 


Union. 


From  1200  to  1500 
189  k.  1033  w. 

1104  m 

Loss  about  6500. . 


400 

6500  loss. 


195. 


110  k.  536  w 

147    k.    1038     w. 

800  w 

60 


100. 
200. 
69.. 


1000  loss. 


300 

74  k.  477  w. 
1646 


Confed. 


150  p. 


1750    k.    3800   w. 

702p 

Loss  over  23,000.. 

207  p 

150 

300  p 

600  k.  &  w.  1000  p 
1500  k.  and  w. . . . 
23.000  loss 


100  k.  &  w.,  280  p. 

440  k.  &  w.  2500  p. 

1500  k.,  w.,  andm. 
100 


CO  p 

1072  p.... 
5  k.  1352  p. 


1800  p 

1200  k.  &w.,  400  p. 


180     k.    1240    w. 
990  m 


3000. 


2000 

327  k.  373  p.. 
167  k.  1625  p. 


2200  k.  &  w.  2800 
P 


5000  p. 


Eemarks. 


2  Confed.  guns  captured. 

Confed.  loss  not  reported. 

Confederates  defeated. 

Forrest  routed,  losing  14  cannon. 
Confederates  routed. 


Forrest  defeated. 

Ed.   Johnson   captured,  also  47 

guns  and  7000  small  arms. 
Lyon  defeated. 


The  fort  and  72  guns  captured. 


Killed  and  wounded  not  reported. 

Killed  and  wounded  not  reported. 

11   guns,  which  was  nearly  the 

whole  of  Early's  force  captured 


2000  Confeds.  captured  from  the 

8th  to  the  10th. 
Confederates  repulsed. 

Confederates  repulsed. 
Confederates    retire.      Loss    on 
each  side  500. 


All  the  Confederate  artillery  cap- 
tured. Davis  flies  by  night 
from  Richmond. 


316 


THE    NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Date. 


1865. 

April    1 

a 

2 

U 

2-3 

(1 

3 

(1 

6 

<( 

9 

« 

11 

11 

12 

If 

12 

t( 

14 

<( 

16 

If 

26 

May 

1 

(t 

4 

(1 

10 

<t 

10 

« 

10 

(( 

26 

Names  and  Places  of  Battles.  En- 
gagements, and  Skirmishes. 


Ebenezer  Church.  Ala. 
Seltua,  Ala 


Petersburg  and  Richmoud. .  .. 

Richmond  entered  by  General 

Near    Parmville    and    Sailors' 

Creek 

Surrender  of  Lee's  army  to 
Fort  Blakly,  Mobile 

Surrender  of  Montgomery,  Ala., 

Near  Salisbury,  N.  C 

Assassination  of  President  Lin 
Columbus  &  West  Point,  Ala. . 
Surrender  of  Gen.  Johnson  and 
Surrender  of  Morgan's  old  com 
Surrender  of  Gen.  Dick  Taylor 

Tallahassee,  Fla 

Near  Boco  Chico,  Texas 

Capture  of  Jeff  Davis,  Irwins 
Surrender   of   General    Kirby 


Commanders. 


Union. 


Gen.  Wilson. 
Gen.  Wilson . 


Confed. 


Forrest. 
Forrest . 


Gen.  Grant Gen.  Lee. 

Weitzel's  colored  troops. 


Sheridan 'Lee. 


General  Grant  at 
Gen.  Canby  and 
Adm.  Thatcher 
to  Gen.  Wilson 
Gen.  Ston^^man. 
coin,  Ford's  The 
Gen.  Wilson.. . . 
his  army,  num 
mand  to  General 
of  all  the  forces 
Gen.  McCook . . . 
Col.  Barrett .... 


ville,  Ga 
Smith     and 


his 


Appomattox 

Gen.  Taylor. . . . 

Gen.  Forrest 

Gardner 

atre,  by  J. Wilkes 

bering  27,500 
Hobson,  1200 
of  W.  Mississippi 
Gen.  Sam.  Jones 
Gen.  Slaughter. 


army    of    about 


chbojStological  table  of  the  wak. 


317 


Killed,  "Wounded,  and  Prisoners. 

Kemarks. 

Union. 

Confea. 

500  p 

3000  p 

8  Confederate  o^uns  captured. 

Forrest  and  Rlioddy  taken  pris- 
oners. Selma  captured  and 
all  stores. 

8000 

9000  k.,  w.,  and  m. 
6000  p 

Confed.  Gens.  Ewell,  Kershaw, 
Corse,  &  Curtis  Lee  captured, 
also  16  guns  and  400  wagons. 

All  were  paroled. 

32  Conf  d  cannon  captured,  4000  p 
100  Confed.  guns  captured. 
14  Confed.  cannon  captured. 

100,000  bales  of  cotton  taken. 

C.  H.,Va 

26,115  p 

2000 

500  k.  &  w.,  300  p. 
2*700  p 

1800  p 

Booth. 

1500  p 

men. 

men,    at   Mt.    Star 

to  Gen.  Canby. 

ling,  Ky. 

10,000 

SOOOp 

None  killed. 

VO.... 

This  was  the  last  engagement  of 

20,000. 

the  war. 

Statement  of  Vessels  captured  and  destroyed  for  Violation  of 
the  Blockade,  or  in  Battle,  from  May,  1861,  to  May  1865, 
from  the  Official  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Na'oy. 


ClaiB. 


Name. 


Schooner. 

Ship 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Ship 

Brig 

Sloop 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Brig 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Brig 

Brig 

Schooner . 
Schooner . 
Schooner . 
Ship 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Sloop  . . . . 


Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Yacht.... 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Ship 

Schooner . 
Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 


A.  J.  Eussell. . . 

Argo 

Areola 

Almira  Ann.... 

Aid 

Amelia 

Amy  Warwick. , 

Alena 

Achilles 

Ann  Kyan 

Alvarado , 

Abhie  Bradford, 

Albion 

Aigburth 

Aristides 

Alert 

Ariel 

Ariel 

Argonaut 

Adeline 

Albion 

Admiral 

Anna 


A.  J.  View. 
Advocate... 


Anna  Smith.... 

Arrow 

Atlanta 

America 

Albemarle 

A.  H.  Partridge. 

Alphonsina 

Anna  Belle 

Alert 

Active 

Alfred  Robb.... 

Alliance 

Albert 

Annie 


Alice 

Actor 

Andromeda 

Agnes  H.  WBrd, 
Amer'n  Coaster, 
Agnes 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1861 
May  3 
May  14 
May  22 
May  17 
June  5 
June  18 
June  10 
June  15 
June  17 
July  4 
Aug.  6 
Aug.  13 
Aug.  16 
Aug.  31 
Sept.  27 
Oct.       6 


Where  captured. 


Hampton  roads. 


Oct.  20 
Sept.  13 
jVov.  17 
Nov.  25 
Dec.   12 

Nov.  22 


•  • )» •  •  " 

Dec.     1 
1862 

Jan.    10 

Feb.    25 


March.. 
Mar.   14 


March. . 
Feb.  261 
April  26 
April  19 

April  26 

May  1 
April  29 

May    14 

Mar.  6 

May  26 

June  1 

June  7 

July  16 


Mobile  bay 

Charleston 

Hampton  roads. . . . 

Potomfic  river 

Chandeleur  island. 

Galveston 

St.  Mary's  river  . . . 
Mississippi  river. . . 

Charleston 

Lat.  30%  long.  80° . 

Key  West 

Charleston 


By  what  Tessel. 


Wilmington,  jS'.  C. 


Off  Cape  Carnaveral 
Coast  of  S.  Carolina. 
Tybee 

Mississippi  sound. . . 


Cedar  Keys 

St.  John's,  Florida. . 
West  coast  of  Florida 
East  coast  of  Florida 
Newhem,  N.  C 


Cumberland 

Minnesota 

Niagara 

Wabash  and  Union 

Minnesota 

Mount  Yemon 

Massachusetts 

South  Carolina 

Jamestown 

Powhatan 

Roanoke  &  Seminole 

Jamestown 

Roanoke  and  Flag 
Vandalia 
Gemsbok 
j  Susquehanna 
Connecticut 
Penguin  &  Alabama 
Alabama 
New  London  &  R.  E, 

Cuyler 
New  London  &  R.  R. 

Cuyler 
New  London,  &o 

Hatteras 

Bienville  <fe  Mohican 

Ethan  Allen 
Ottawa,  &c. 
Rowan's  expedition 


Cape  Blass 

St.  John's,  Florida.. 
Stono,  S.  Carolina. . 
Florence,  Alabama. 
Captured     at     Fort 

Macon 

Charleston 

Gulf  of  Mexico 

Roanoke  river 


Pamlico  river,  N.  C 

Mural,  Cuba 

Coast  of  S.  Carolina 
Pamunkey  river. . 


Pursuit 

Bienville 

Flambeau 

Tyler 

Daylight  and  Chip- 
pewa 

Huron 

Kanawha 

Perry,  Lockwood  & 
Ceres 

Ceres 

Pursuit 

Northern  Light 

!  Currituck 

jHuntsville 


320 


VESSELS    CAPTDEED    AND   DESTEOYED 


Class. 


Schooner . 
Steamer . . 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Sloop. 


Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Tug 

Ram 

Schooner. 
Steamer. . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Sloop 


Name. 


Aquilla. 
Adela  . . 


Ann 

Albemarle.... 

America 

Anna  Sophia  . 
Arctic 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1802 
Aug.     4 

July     7 


Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner . 

Boat 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Brig 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Bchooner . 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 


Sloop 

Schooner. 

Ram 


Steamer... 
Ii-on-chul, 

rebel 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Eriir 


Agnes 

Ann  Squires.. 
Anglo  American 
Arkansas  .... 
Adventure  ... 
A,B 


June  19 

Mar.  25 
April  10 
Aug.   27 


"WTiero  captured. 


Charleston. 
Bahamas . . . 


By  what  yesseL 


Sept.  25 

Oct.       1 
Aug.  23 


Mobile 

Pungo  river,  N.  0. . . 
Newtogan  c'k,  N.  C. 

Gulf  of  Mexico 

Potomac  river 

St.  Andrew's  sound, 

Ga 

"Wicomico  bay 

Mississippi  river 


Annie  Dees. 
Adelaide  . . . 

Anglia 

Ariel 

Agnes 

Alicia 

Ariel 

Ann  Maria. 
Ann , 


Avenger 

Antona 

A.  W.  Baker  . . . 
A.W.Thompson 

Alligator 

Avon 

Annie 

Atlantic 

Aries 

Antelope 

Agues 

Aurelia 

Anna 

As(:en:sion 

Annie  B 

Alabama 

A.  Carson 


Alma 

Amelia 

Angelina 

A.  J.  Hodge.. 

Arkansas 

^Vrgo 

Atlanta 

Anna  Maria.. 
Arctic 

Ann 

Artist 

Atlantic 


Oct.       1  Pensacoia 

Aug.  15  Corpus  Christi. 

Nov.     7  Charleston 

Oct.     21  Sounds  of  N.  Car.  . . 

Oct.     24  Bull's  bay 

Nov.   15  Lat.  24°,  long.  83°  .. 

Nov.   24  Indian  river 

Dec.    10; ,  

Nov.   ISiShallotte  inlet,  N.  C 


Dec.    30 

18C3. 
Jan.  5 
Jan.  6 
Feb.  3 
Feb.  28 
Feb.  8 
Feb.  14 
Feb.  25 
Mar.  15 
Mar.  28 
Mar.   31 

Mar.  23 
Feb.  26 
April  14 
April  17 
April  18 

April  24 

May     8 


Huron 

|(iuaker     City     and 

j     Huntsville 

'■  Susqu'  /hannafcEan- 

i     awha 

Delaware 

Com.  Perry,  &c 

R.  R.  Cuyler 
i  Fieeborn 

j  Florida 

William  Bacon. 

Essex 

)) 
Kensington,  &c. 
Arthur 
I  Seneca 
Ellis 

I  Flag  &  Restless 
Huntsville 
Sagamore 

.Monticello 


Jupiter  inlet Gem  of  the  Sea 


May    16 
May    13 

May    20 

)> 

Jim.e  17 

June  28 
May   28 

July     6 

Aug.   15 
Aug.   10 


Cape  St.  Bias 

Mississippi  river 

Piney  Point 

Caloosahatchie  river 

Abaco 

Wilmington 

Havana 

BulPe  Bay,  S.  Car.. 

Charleston 

Tortugas 

Mosquito  inlet 

Suwanee  river 

Havana 

Lat.  27%  long.  83°  . . 
Lat.  29%  long.  —°... 

Chesapeake  bay  .... 


Charleston 

At  sea 

Lat.  28°,  long.  86°. 

Yazoo  city 


Sagnmore 
;  Pocahontas 

Queen  of  the  "West 
iWyandank 

Julia 

jTioga 

,  State  of  Georgia 

jSonoma 

! Stettin 

I  Memphis 

Two  Sisters 

Arizona 

Fort  Henry 

Huntsville 

Wanderer 

Susquehanna 

W.    World   and   S. 
Rotan 

Perry 

Flag,   Canandaigua, 
Wamsutta 

Courier 

Huntsville 

Yazoo  Pass  expedi- 
tion 


Savannah 

Steinhathee  river. . . 

Great  Yiocomico 

Charlotte       Harbor, 

Florida 

Lat.  28°,  long.  95°  .. 
Rio  Grande 


Weehawken 

Nahant 
Fort  Henry 
SateUite 

Restless 

Bermuda 
Princess  Royal 


and 


FOR    VIOLATION   OF    THE   BLOCKADE. 


321 


Class. 


Steamer.. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer 

Steamer 

lirig 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Boat 

Schooner. . , 
Schooner. . . 
English  sch. 

Schooner. . . 

British  sch.. 
Steamer 


Sloop 

Schooner.. . 
Steamer.. . . 


Name. 


Alice  Vivian.... 

Ann 

A'onzo  Childs  .. 

Arabian 

Atlaiitic 

Alahama 

.jTSUS 

Alice 

Arctic 

Anita 

Amelia  Ann.... 
Albert,   or    V.'e- 

nona 

Antoinette 

Antonica 


Annie  Thomps'n 
Arietta,  or  Mar- 
tha.. 
Allianx- 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where  captured. 


1863    . 
Aug.  IGjGulf  ofMesico  . 
Ang.     8  Gilbert's  bar 


Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

July 

]S'ov. 

Oct. 

Nov. 


New  inlet.  N.  Car.. 
Ofithe  Rio  Grande. 


12iChandcleur  island  . 


By  what  TesseL 


De  Soto 
Sasramore 

Mississippi  squadron 
Shenandoah 

Eugenie 


Red  river :  Black  Hawk 


Mexican  schlAlma April  19'Coast  ot'Texr.s 


13 

1';  At  sea. 
27  At  sea. 
—  Brazos  Santiago 

30 1  Off  Mobile. 

8;Cumberland  beach..  Brazilicra 

20|Off Wilmiigton jGov.  Buckingham 

1864.    j  I 

Jan.    16j St.  Cath.'s  sound. 

Mar.     3jOfl'  Tybee  island. . 

April  12; Off  Savannah S.  Car.,  T.  A.  "Ward 


Nov. 

Dec. 
Dec. 


Fort  Henry 
Ladona 
Granite  City 

J) 
Kanawha 


jFernandina 


Virginia 


Schooner. . , 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer. . . , 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Rebel  ram. 
Rebel  steam 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer .... 

Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 
Steamer 

Schooner. . . 

Rebel  sch. . . 
Sloop 


Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner.  . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 


Amanda 'May 

Agnes May 

Ann   C.  Davcn-  ,,„„ 

port j^^y 

Arrow j  July 

A.  D.  Vance Sept. 

Annie .Oct. 

Annie  Virden...J0ct. 
Annie Oct. 

Ann  Louisa.. 


l^^^lal:^'":^ . !!°!?  Kanawha 
3  OffVelasco,  Texas..  Chocura 

12  Alligator  river Ceres  and  Rockland 

i 
23:Gatesville,  N.  C. 


Albemarle 
Alabama 
Albert  Edward. 

Armstrong. 

Alabama 


Augusta 
Amazon 


Naval  and  army  cap- 
I  ture 

10  At  sea 'Santiago  de  Cuba 

31 '  Off  New  inlet i  Kansas,  &c. 

5  Off  Valasco iMobile 

7  Near  Cape  Vear j  Aster 

e'^sy'o'w?::'.!'??.^:^™^'- 

Roanoke  river. .' . '. "  iTo/P^d?  boat  (Lieut. 

1     Cashing) 
June  lOiOff  Cherbourg,  Fr. .  Kearsarge 

Oct.     3l!^^4-^°  -^'-  '°°^-  ^^"^Katahdin 


.iLat.  32°N.;long.  77°iR.    R.    Cuyler   and 
*■    W !     others 


Off  St.  Louis  Tass. 


Princess  Royal  and 
Chocura 


Dec. 

1865. 
Jan.    ITSuwanee  river,  Fla.j Honeysuckle 


Annie  Sophia... 

Anna  Dale 
Annie 

Belle  Conway. 

Brilliante 

Basilde 

Brunette. 

Baltimore 

Beverly 

Bachelor 

Breiia  Vista 

Beauregard 


2  \  Savannah  river Pontiac 

Bienville  and  Prin- 
cess Royal 
18  Pass  Cavallo 'Panola 


Galveston  Bav 


Crystal  river,  Fla..  iSea  Bird 


i 


15  i  Hampton  roads ^Miiiiiesota 

""Mississippi  sound.. .!  Massachusetts 


Coast  of  Maryland.  .Potomac  flotilla 

Hatteras  inlet Susquehanna 

Gemsbok 

Potomac  river. . Potomac  hotiUa 

Resolute 


ISiBahama  channel.. . .  iW.  G.  Anderson 


322 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND   DESTEOTED 


Class. 


Brig 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Sehooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Ship 

Schooner . 

Sloop 

Boat 


Name. 


B.  F.  Martin  ... 
Blooming  Youth 

Black  Warrior.. 
British  Queen.. . 

Bermuda 

Belle 

British  Empire.. 

Baigorry 

Beauregard 

Blossom 

Breaker 

Bellefont 

Belle  Italia 

Brilliant 

By  George 


1861 
July    28 
Dec.    18 

1862. 
Feh.    — 
Mar.      1 
April  27 
April  26 


Bloomer. 
Brave  . . . 


Steamer... 
Schooner... 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . 

Steamer... 
Steamer... 

Schooner. . 

Steamer... 
Schooner. . 

Steamer. . . 
Schooner... 

Gunhoat.  . 

Rebel  st'r-. 
Rebel  st'r. 

Schooner, . 
Schooner.. 


Burton 

Berwick  Bay.. 

Belle 

Brothers 

Bangor 

Bright 

Bazer 

Britannia 

Banshee 

Bettie  Cratzer. 

Blue  Belle 

Buckshot 


Banshee  . 
Bigelow.. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


June    9 


Aug.  12 

») 
Feb.  — 
July  10 
Nov.  3 
Dec.  1 
1863. 

Jan.      1 

Jan.    15 


Bendigo. 
Buffalo.. 


Bombshell. 

Boston 

Bat 


Badger... 

Beatrice. 
Belle.... 


Blenheim... 
Ben  Willis. 


Beaufort. 


Baltic 

Black   Diamond 


Cecilia... 
Cambria.. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1864, 
Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

July 
Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Dec. 

1865 
Jan. 

Feb. 
Mar. 


Where  captured. 


Hatteras , 

Alexandria,  Va. 


Elizabeth  City... 

Wilmington 

Hole-in- Wall 

Charleston 

Marataiizas  inlet. . 
Lat.  23°,  long.  83° 

Coast  of  Te.Nas. 

Potomac  river .... 
Coast  of  Texas,..., 


New  Topsail  inlet . 
Indian  river 


By  what  vessel. 


Pensacola. 


New  Orleans,  La. . 
Mississippi  river  . 


23  Sapelo  sound. 

22  Abaco 

251 , 

24  Guif  of  Mexico  ...'. 

27;  Lat.  26°,  long.  96°. 
25lLat.25°,  long.  74°.. 
29|lSew  Inlet 

23  Coast  of  N.  Car... 
2  Sabine  Pass. 
7 

21 

16 


Bear  Inlet 

Off  Wilmington 

St.  Andrew's   sound 
Ga 

Off  Plymouth,  N.  C. 

Off  Wilmington 

,,  .... 

St.   George's  Sound. 

Fla ■ 

OffCharleston,  S.  C. 
Galveston,  Texas.., 

Cape  Fear  river.... 

Lat.  28°  N.,  long,  92' 

W 

Pi,ichmond,   Va 


May    10  Tombigbee  river. 

)» 
1861. 
Sept.  24 
April  23 1  Hampton  roads. 


Union. 
Perry 

Rowan's  expedition 

Mount  Vernon 

Meroedita 

Uncas 

Isaac  Smith 

Bainbridge. 

Rachel  Seaman 

Ri'lianoe 

Arthur 


Daylight 
Sagamore 

Naval  and  army  cap- 
ture 

Octorara 

Admiral  Farragut'8 
fleet 

Queen  of  the  West 

Potomska 

Tioga 

Fort  Henry 

De  Soto 

Brooklyn 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Niplion 

Flambeau 

Cayuga 

San  Jacinto 

Grand  Gulf  and  Ful- 
ton 

Not  known 

Blockading  squadron 

Braziliera 

Mattabesett  and  oth- 
ers 
Fort  Jaekson 
Montgomery,  &c. 

Adela 

Picket  boats 
Virginia 

N.  Atlantic  squadron 
Panola 

Part  of  N.  Atlantic 

squadron 
Part  of    West  Gulf 

squadron 


Dart 
Cumberland 


FOE  VIOLATION   OF  THE  BLOCKADE. 


323 


Class. 


Schooner. 
Schooner., 
Schooner. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. 

Sloop , 

Schooner. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.., 


Steamer... 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Pilot  boat. 


Name. 


Carrie 

Crenshaw 

Catherine 

Caroline 

C.  P.  Knapp... 
Charles  Henry 
Col.  Long , 


Cheshire. 


Charity 

Capt.  Spedden. 

Calhoun 


Curlew.... 
Caroline.., 

iCora 

Clifton.... 
Coquette.. 

^Cygnet 

I  Columbia.. 
Charlotte  - . 

Cuba 

Circassian. 


Schooner.. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Steamer. . . 

Steamer.. . 

Steamer... 

Schooner.. 
Gunboat. . . 
Steamer... 

Schooner. . . '  Catalina. 


Constitution. 
Cambria 


'Cora 

'Corypheus 

Clara  Dolson. 


Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 


Propeller. 

Schooner. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Steamer.. 


Curlew. 

'Chance. 


Caroline  Virginia 
Comet 


Sloop. 
Sloop. 


Schooner.. 
Schooner. 


Columbia 

Corelia 

Chapel  Point. 
Conchita 

Carolina 

Capitola 

Caperton 


Corse. 


"When 
cap- 
tured. 


lS6i 
May  2 
May  17 
May  27 
July  5 
Aug.  8 
April 
Sept.     4 

Dec     6 

Dec.    15 

Dec.    31 

1862. 

Jan.    23 

Feb.    — 
Mar.  — 

Mar.    14 
April    3 

April    2 

April    5 
April  10 

May     4 

May    22 

May    26 


Where  captured. 


Hampton  roads... 


Galveston. 


Chandeleur  island. 
At  sea 


Savannah 

Hatteras  inlet. 
Biloxi 


Southwest  Pass. 


Roanoke  island. . . 
West  coast  of  Fla. 
Lat.  26°,  long.  84° 

Newbem 

Charleston  bar... 

Apalachicola 

Coast  of  Texas... 
Mobile 


Coast  of  Cuba 

liockwood's  Follv  in- 
let  '. ... 


May    31 
May    13 


June  20 


June 
June 
Mar. 
ji 
April 
July 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 


Charleston 

At  Sea 

Charleston 

Bayou  Bonfouca. 


Charleston. 


16  Cedar  Keys 

28  Warsaw  Sound... 

14  Sounds  ot>",  Odz.. 

ilSTewbom 


10  Ne-wtcgan  c'k  N.  C. 

9  Coast  of  Texas. . . . 

3|Lat.  28°,  long.  76\. 

23Lat.  23°,  long.  84°. 

20  Potomac  river 

— I  Coast  of  Texas.... 

28;Lat.  29°,  long.  87°.. 

8'Glymont,   Md 


By  what  vessel. 


Nov.  Hi  Sabine  Pass. 


Courier iDec.    22iLat.  24°,  long.  83° 


Minnesota 

j» 

South  Carolina 

Santee 

Massachusetts 

Jamestown 

Flag,  Seneca,  Poca- 
hontas, Augusta, 
and  Savannah 

Stars  and  Stripes 

Harry  Lewis,  Water- 
"Witch  and  New 
liondon 

Colorado,  Kachel 
Seaman,  and  tend- 
er of  Samuel  Eo- 
tan 

Rowan's   expedition 

Ethan  Allen 

Panola 

Rowan's  expedition 

Susquehanna 

Mercedita  and  Saga- 
more 

Montgomery 

Kanawha 

J) 

Somerset 

Mount  Vernon,  Vic- 
toria, and  State  of 
Georgia 

Huron" 

Arietta  and  Dan 

Keystone  State 

Calhoun 

Mound  City 

Alabama  and  Flam- 
beau 

Somerset 

Brr.ziliera 

Xaval  expedition 

Rowan's  expedition 

Commodore  Perry 
and  others 

Arthur 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

James  S.  Chambers 
Jacob  Bell 
Crocker's  expedition 

Montgomery 

Resolute 

Velocity,  Dan  Ken- 
j     sinjrton,   and    Ra« 

chel  Seaman 
InuutsviUe 


324 


VESSELS    CAPTUKED    AJSTD    DESTROYED 


Class. 


Briff 

Schooner., 


Comet... 
Cannita. 


Ship I C.  A.  Farwell. 


Steamer.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Steamer. . 


Steamer 

Brigantine. 

Boat 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . 
Steamer.... 


Steamer... 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 


Ceres 

Chatham 

Cunew 

Cliarm 

C.  W.  Worrell. 
Clara 


Clyde.... 
Crotilda.. 
Cherokee. 


Cuba 

Comet 

Criizy  Jane... 
C.  Eonterean.. 


Clarita.. 
Calypso. 


Steamer... 
Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Steamer.. 


When 

cap- 

.tnred. 


"Where  captured. 


1862 
Dec.    2&:Abaco 
Dec.    27 

1863. 


Jan.    19 


Marquesas  keys.. 
New  Orleans,  Iia. 


Feb.    27  Alexandria,  Va... 

Feb.    28| 

Feb.    23, Indian  river 

Feb.    24j 

Mar.  25  Mobile 

Mar.  30  Deer  creek 

April  14  Campeachy  bank. . 
April  16  Lat.  28°,  long.  80°. 
May     7  Charleston  bar. 


April  20 


May 
May 
May 
May 

April 
June 
June 


Apalachicola. 


Lat.  28°,  long  87°... 

Fort  Morgan 

Tiimpa bay,  Florida, 
Charleston 


June    3 


June 
June 
July 
July 
Au;;. 
July 


Lat.  26°,  long. 
Wilmincton.. 
Crystal  river.. 


83°... 


At  sea. 


By  -what  vesseL 


April  20 
July  — 
July  — 
July   — 


Santiago  de  Cuba 
Magnolia 

Admiral  Farragnt'S 
fleet 


Adolf  Hugel 
New  Era 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
"Wyandank 
Kanawha 

Mississippi  squadron 
Sonoma 
McCleilan 
Canandaigua     and 
Flag 

Port  Royal 

De  Soto 

Kanawha 

Tahoma 

S.  Atlantic   block- 

ad'g  squadron. 
De  Soto 
Florida 
Fort     Henry     and 

Beauregard 
Fort      Henry     and 

Beauregard 
Octoraraand  Tioga 
Fort  Henry 
Hendrick  Hudson 
De  Soto 
:  San  Jacinto 
Port  Koyal 


Dec. 

Dec. 

Charleston July 

Cassandra ,, 

Clara  Ann Aug. 

Clotilda July 

July 
I  do.  19- 

Cronstadt :Aug. 

;Cai-mita 'Aug. 

C^lara  Louisa...  .|Aug. 

i  Charmer 'July 

I  ! 

iCoiiiubia .iNov. 


Near  Apalachicola. . 

•  •  •  •     Ji         »> 

St.  Joseph's  bay ,  J.  L.  Davis 


Port  Royal 


—  Mississippi  squadron, Osage 


Wilmi)gton 

Rappahannock  river 

Coiic  river 

Mosquito  inlet 

"Wacassassa  river 

Cape  Sm  Bias 

Lat.  27°,  long.  76°... 
Lat.  26°.  long.  95.... 
Indian  River  inlet. . 
Mosquito  inlet 

Off  New  Inlet 


Seminole 
Yankee. 

;  Sagamore,  &o 
JFort  Henry 
J  Hendrick  Hudson. 
!  Rhode  Lsland 
!  Bermuda 
Sagamore 
Sagamore,  &c. 
Jas.  Adger  and  Nip* 
hon 


FOE   VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


325 


Class. 


Name. 


Steamer.... 
Eng.  sti-m'r, 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 


Sloop. 


Steamer... 
Schooner.. . 

Sloop 

Steamer... 


Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 


Schooner. 

Steamer. 
Schooner. 
Steamer 
Schooner, 


Sloop. 
Steamer. 


Chatham. 
Ceres..... 
Caroline... 
Concordia. 


Caroline. 


3863 
Dec     16  Botey  sound 
Dec.      6  Cape  Fear  river 
Dec.    28'Oclockney  river,  Fla. 
Oct.       5:  Calcasieu  Pass 

1864.    I 

Jan.    18  Jupiter  inlet 

Jan.      6  At  sea 


Cumherland. 

Camilla 

Cassie  Holt.. 
Caledonia  . . . 


Caroline 

Cyclops 

Coquette 

Condor 

Constance  . . . . 
iCoraSmvser.. 
'Carrie  Mair .. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where  captured. 


By  what  vessel. 


Feb.    26jSuwaiiee  river,  Fla. . 


Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


—  Port  Pembert'iu. 

5  At  sea 

29  San  Luis  Pass.. 


I. 


May    30 !  At  sea. 


June 

June 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct 

Nov. 

Dec 


10  Jupiter  inlet 

12  Ofi' Charleston 

26!  Potomac  river 

l! 

5  Off  Charleston 

28  Off  Velasco,  Texas.. 
30  Pa.ss  Caballo,  Texas. 
5  Lat.  32°  N.,  long. 
77°  W.  , 

lAtsea ' 

19, Off  Galveston  island 
SlLat.    33°    ^\,    long. 

75°  W. 
19 ;  Cape  Fear  river 


Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Rebel    iron- 
clad 


Columbia 


Schooner. . . . :  Dorothy  Haines 
Schooner Delaware  Far- 
mer 

Schooner.... 'Dart 

H.  brig Delta 

Schooner. ...  Delight 


26|Combahee   river,  S. 
Carolina 
I  Stranded    on    Sulli- 
van's island 
31  i  Lat.    23°    X.,    long. 
I        83°  W. 

27iYorktown,  Va 

24iNear  Brazos  de  St. 
lago. 
Mississippi  river. . . . 
I  Off  Galveston,  Texas 


Huron 

Conn,  and  others 
Stars  and  Stripes 
Granite  City 

Roebuck 

Vanderbnt 

Clyde 

Mississippi  squadron 


Expedition  up  Yazoo 

De  Soto 

Virginia 

*> 

Massachusetts     and 

Keystone  State 
Union 
Flag 
Adolph  Hugel 

Sciota  and  Chocura 
Itasca 

Gettysburg  and  oth- 
ers 
Mackinaw 
Princess  Royal 

Horace  Seals 

Malvern  and  others 

Dai-Ching  and  Clo- 
ver 


Roanoke  river. 


Charleston,  S.  C. 


Hampton  roads. 


May  14 

July  4!  Galveston . 

Oct.  27, 

Dec.  9tMississippi  sound. 


luka 

Crusader 

Quaker  City 

Huntress 
Gertrude 
Comubia 
Comubia  and   Qe^ 

trude 
Boat  expedition 


Cumberland 


South  Carolina 
Santee 
Xew  London 


326 


VESSELS    CAPTUEED    AND   DESTROYED 


Class. 


Sloop. 


Name. 


Steamer.., 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 

Schooner. , 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Steamer.., 
Schooner. . 


Steamer.. 
Propeller. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Steamer. . 
Steamer.. 
Brig 


.[Dudley  or  Pink- 
i         ney 

.  Darlington 

.  Dixie 

.  Deer  Island 

.Director 


Director 

Defiance , 

David  Crookctt. 

Dart 

Dan 

Diana 

Dove 


Diana 

Douro 

Dolphin 

iD.  Sargent.... 

I  Dart 

,  Dew  Drop 

IDon  Jose 

I  Director 

iDuoro 

!  Diamond 

Dashing  Wave. 


Steamer.. 
Schooner. . 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.., 


Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 


Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Bark...., 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner . 


Dare 

Defy 

Dee , 

Don 

Donegal,  or  Aus 
tin. 


Delia 

Deiphina. 
Deer 


^Dolly.... 
Denbigh. 


Elite 

Emily  Ann 

Elizabeth  Ann. . 

Enchantress 

Extra 

Eagle 

Edwin 

Ezilda 

Ewd.  Barnard. . 

Empress 

E.  J.  Waterman 

Express 

Ellen  .lane 

Eugenia  Smith. 

Emma 

Euaxuia  Smith. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1862 

Jan.    10 

Mar.  3 
April  15 
May  13 
May     4 


"Where  captured. 


Cedar  keys 

Fernandina 

Georgetown 

Mississippi  sound . 
York  river 


.Tuly 

Sept.     7  Sapello  sound. 

Oct.     13  Charleston. 

Oct.       6  Coast  of  Texas. 

Oct.     — 

Nov.    26  Pass  Cavalo . . . . 


1863. 
Jan.  19 
Mar.  9 
Mar.  25 
Mar.  12 
May  1 
May  — 
July  2 
Sept.  30 
Got.  11 
Sept.  23 
Nov.     5 

1864. 
Jan.      9 
Eeb.      3 
Feb.      6 
Mar.     4 


New  Orleans 

Eat.  33°,  long.  77°. 
Eat.  19°,  long,  65° 

Galveston , 

Mobile , 


By  what  vessel. 


At  sea 

Point  Rossa 

New  inlet 

St.  Simon's  sound. 
Ofi'Rlo  Grande..., 


June    6 

1865. 
Feb.    17 


Off  Doboy  light,  Ga. 
Near  Masonboro'  — 
Off  Beaufort,  N.  C... 

Off  Mobile  bay 


Near  Bayport,  Fla. . 


Jan.    22  Calcasieu  river. 


Feb.    18 


Mav    25 

1861 
May      4 
May    14 


July  22 
\US.  29 
Aug.    12 


Charleston,  S.  C. 


Koanoke  river,  N.  C. 


Hampton  roads 

it 

Coast  of  Virginia. . . , 


Sept.  3n 
Oct  16 
Nov.  26 
Nov.  30 
Dec.  9 
Dec.  18 
Dec.     7 

1862. 
Jhu.    17 
Feb.      7 


Rappahannock  liver 


Beaufort,  N.  C 

Barrataria  bay 

Pass  a  rOutre 

Noi-thi  ast  Pass,  Miss 

Ty bee  light 

Mississippi  sound. . . 

Al  exandiia,  Va 

Off  Rio  Grande 

Coast  of  Florida 

Eat  28°,  long.  91°... 


Hatteras 
Naval  expedition 
Keystone  State 
Bohio 

Corwin    and  Curri- 
tuck 

Brazil!  era 

America  and  Flag 

Kensington,  &c 
<( 

Kittatinny 
Magnolia 

Admiral  Farragut 

Quaker  City 

Wachusett 

Kittatinny 

Kanawha 

Yazoo  expedition 

Juniata 

Gem  of  the  Sea 

Nansemond 

Stettin 

Owasco,  Virginia. 

Aries 
Midnight 
Cambridge 
Pequot 

Metacomet 

Mahaska 
Chocura 

Monadnock  and  oth- 
ers 

Naval  expedition 

Cumberland 
i( 

Albatross 
it 

Daylight 

Resolute 

Cambridge 

South  Carolina 
it 

Vincennes  and  Misa. 
1  Savannah 
New  London 
!  Poi'ry 
I  Santiago  de  Cuba 

Connecticut 
!  Bohio 


FOE    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


327 


Class. 


Stenmer... 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 

Ship 

Propeller. . 
Steamer... 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Schooner. . 

Steamer... 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.., 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Armed  sch. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Sloop 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 


Name. 


Ellis 

Kdisto 

Elizabeth 

Eva  Bell 

Eothen 

Eu.^enie 

Emily  St.  Pierre 

Eurclva 

Ella  Warley.. 

Eugenia 


EllaD 

Elizabeth.. 

Emily 


Emily 

Emma 

Elizabeth 

Eliza 

Elmira  C 'melius 

Eliza 

Elmer 

Elias  Reed 

Emma 


Erama  Tuttle. 

EllOT 

Exchange 


Nov. 
Dec. 

1863, 
Jan. 
Feb. 
June 

Evansville JEeb. 

Enterprise.. 

Express 


Emma  Tuttle.. 
Emily  Murray. 
Elizabeth 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1862 
Feb.  - 
Feb- 


14 


Mar.  14 


Mar.  16 
Mar.  18 
April  — 
April  25 

May    20 

May    22 

May    29 

June  26 


July 
July 
July 
Aug. 
Oct. 


Aug. 
Nov.     S 
Sept   26 

Nov.     3 


Where  captured. 


Roanoke  island. 
Bull's  Bay 


Newbem., 


Off  the  Mississippi. 

Charleston 

Potomac  river 

Lat.  28°,  long.  97°.. 

North  Carolina .... 


Charleston. 


Wilmington. 


Bull's  hay 

Lat.  §7°,  long. 


Charleston. 
Bull's  bay.. 


12  Coast  of  Texas. 


Eat.  26°,  long.  77' 
Velasco,  Texas.. 

Ne^v  inlet 


Indian  river 

Eappaiiannuck  river 


Jupiter  inlet 

Carson's  landing. 


Mar. 
May 

Emma  Amelia..  May 

Elias  Beckwith. .  1  April 

Eugenie JMay 

Emeliiie IMay 

Emily. |May 

Echo ^May 

Eagle iMay 

Emma  Bett !May 

Evening  Star... iMay 

Elizabeth ^une 

Emma June 

Emma July 

Eureka [July 

Emma !  July 

Elmira July 

Excelsior i  July 

Elizabeth 'oct. 

Ella  and  Anna.  I  Nov. 


a| 

4  Coast  of  S.  Carolina 

JSi:  Andrew's  bay, 
''i    Fla 

23Mobile 

6....     „        

16  At  sea 

2 1  Urbana,  Va 

31  Lat.  25°,  long.  83°.. 


By  ■what  vesseL 


29  "Warsaw  sound,  Ga. 
14  Lat.  23°,  hmg.  83°. 
19  Mosquito  inlet 

3  Cedar  keys 

2  Commerce 


24|Lat.  33°,  long.  76°. 

—  Red  river 

13  Galveston 

Lookwood'sEolly  in- 
let  

9 


Rowan's  expedition 
Restless 

Rowan's  expedition 

Owasco 

Blockadi'g  squadron 

Potomac  flotilla 

Santiago  dc  Cuba 

Hunchback  and 

Whitehead 

Whitehead 

Kcy?toi:e  State  and 
Jas.  Adger 

Mt.  Vernon,  Penob- 
scot, Mystic,  and 
V  ictoria 

Restless  and  Flag 

Adirondack 

llattpras 

Bieuville 

Flag  and  Restless. 

Crocker's  expedition 

Arthur 

Octorara 

Kittatinny 

Mt.  Yernon  and 
Cnmbridge 

Sagamore 

Anacostia 

Hope 

C(Bur  de  Lion 

Sagamore 

Concstoga  &  Duch- 
ess. 

Sagamore 

Chocura  and  Mara- 
tanza. 

Roebuck 

Pembina 
iR.  K.  Cuyler 
(.'our?er 
Currituck,  &c. 
Sunflower 
Octorara 

Yazoo  expedition 
Cimarron 
Juniata 

Para  i 

Fort  Henry  '■ 

Covington 
Arago,  army  trans- 

port- 
Red  River  expeditn' 
Katahdia 


Niphon 


828 


VESSELS   CAPTUEED   AND   DESTEOTED 


Class. 


Steamer... 
Steamer... 

Schooner.. 

British  sch. 
British  sch. 

Schooner.. 
British  sch. 
Steamer... 
Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Steamer — 
Schooner.. 
Steamer 

Steamer... , 

Schooner. ., 

Brig 

Steamer... . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . 

lirig 

Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner. . . 

Ship 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner  . . . 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer 

Bark 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner . . . 

Sloop 

Sloop 


ITame. 


Ella 

Eureka. 

Ella.... 


Edward. . . . 
Exchange.. 


Ellen 

EHki 

Emily. 

Experiment. . 

Emma 


1864. 
Jan.    16 
Jan. 

Feb. 
May 

June 


Elsie 

Emily 

Emma  Henry. 


Ella. 


Elvira 

Eco 

Emma  No.  2. 
Egypt  Mills.. 


F.  W.  Johnson,, 
Forest  King... 

F.inny 

Falcoii 

Favorite , 

Finland , 

Falcon 

Fanny  Lee..... 

Fairn-ind , 

Fashion 

Florida 


Forrest. . 
Fanny. . . 

Florida. . 

Fairplay. 


Floyd 

F.  .J.  Capron.. 

Falcon 

Florida 

Farreii 

Flash 

Fashion 

Fannie  Laurie. 

Fanny 

Frances. 

Flying  Cloud.. 
Flying  Fish.... 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where  captured. 


1863 
Nov.  10  Off  Fort  Fisher. 

Nov.   22  At  Sea.. 


■vT„_     9f.MaBOnboro' inlet,  N. 
iNov.   /D,     Carolina 


Dec. 


24  Near  Suwanee  river, 
Coast  of  Texas 


Off  Mobile 

19  Jupiter  Inlet,  Fla. . 

10  Masonboro'  inlet 

3! Coa.st  of  Texas. . . . 


9 [Near  Charlotte  har. 


Sept.  4 

Oct.  19 

Dec.  8 

Dec.  3 

1865. 

Feb.  25 

Feb.  19 

Mar.  20 


At  sea 

Off  San  Luis  Pass. . . 
iLiit.  33°N.,  long.  77° 

W 

Off  Wilmington,  N. 

Carolina 


By  what  veBsel. 


Howquah 
Aroostook 

James  Adger 

Fox,  tender  to  San 

Jacinto 
Antona 

Gertrude 

Roebuck 

Florida 

Virginia 

Rosalie,    tender    to 

Gem  of  the  Sea 
Keystone  State, 

Quaker    City 
Mobile 

Cherokee 
Emma 


1861. 
.Tune  1 
June  13 
June  23 
July  5 
July  16 
Aug.  26 


Bull  War  sound. . . . 
Off  Galveston,  Tex 

Rodney,  Miss 

Roanoke  river,  N.  C 


Nov.  6 
Aug.  29 
Nov.   29 

Dec.    11 

1862. 
Feb.   — 


Mar.  10 

Mar.   12 

April   2 

April  29 
April  — 
April    6 


Chesapeake  bay 

Key  West 

Mississippi  soui.d.. 

Galveston 

Eastern  Shore,  Md. 
Apalachicola  bay. . . 


St.  Simon's  island. . 


Tumbalin 
house... 


light 


Roanoke  island. 


Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  84' 
W 

Georgetown,  S.  C . 

Apalachicola 


Potomac  river. 
St.  Andrew's.. 


May  2 

May  6 

Sept.  4 

Aug.  22i 

Oct.  231 

Dec.  29 

Dec.  30! 


Charleston  . 


South  Edi.ito 

St.  Simon's 

Coast  of  Florida. 


Chenango 
Gertrude 

Naval  expedition 

Union 
Mississippi 
Massachusetts 
South  Carolina 
Potomac  flotilla 
R.  R.  Cuyler 

St.  Lawrence 
Quaker  City 
Ethan  Allen 

South  Carolina 


Rowan's  expedition 

J.  L.  Davis 

Gem  of  the  Sea 
Mercedita  and  Saga* 

more 
Potomac  flotilla 

»j 
Pursuit 
Ethan  Allen 
Restless 
Hatteras 
Shepherd  Knapp 
Keystone  State 
Sagamore 
Magnolia. 


I 


FOE  VIOLATION  OF  THE  BLOCKADE. 


329 


ClasB. 


Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Boat 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Schooner  . . . 
Schooner... 

Schooner 

Schooner... 

English  sch. 
Steamer.. . . 

Sloop 

English  sch. 
Schooner . . . 
Sloop 

Eebel  steam. 

Eebel  arm'd 

steamer 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Rebel 
Iron-clad. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner . 

Bark 

Ship , 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 


Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 


Name. 


1863. 

Mar.  16 

Jan.    11 

Jan.    13 

May   23 
June     2 

June  25 

June    3 

Fashion June  13 


Pive  Brothers.., 

Florida 

Florence  Night- 
ingale  

Fashion 

Flying  Cloud.. 

Frolic 

Florida 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Flying  Scud. 

Fulton 

Fanny 

Flome 


Where  captured. 


Lat.27°N.,long.  77° 
W 


Lat.  25°  N.,  long.  77° 

W 

Apalaohicola 

Potomac  river 


Ship  . 
Bark. 


Friendship 

Friendship 

F.  U.  Johnson.. 

Fly 

Fanny  &  Jenny, 

Florida 

Fanny 

Fred,  the  Second 
Fortunate 

Fort  Gaines.. 


Florida. 
Flora. . . 
Flash... 


Fannie  McRae. 
Florida 


Fredericksburg 
Fisher 


George  M.Smith 
General  Green 
General  ParkhiU 
General  Knox 
George  G.  Baker 
Georgiana.... 
George  B.  Sloat. 

Gipsey 

Good  Egg  

Gypsey 

Garonne 


Grace  E.  Baker. 
G.  H.  Smoot. ... 
Guide 

Gondar 

Glenn 


Aug.  12 
Oct.  7 
Sept.  12 
Oct.  2, 
Oct.  10? 
Oct.  — 
Deo.     1 

1864. 
Jan.  11 
Feb.  10 
Mar.  20 
April  10 
M  ay  3 
May   30 

Aug.     5 

Oct.     — 

Oct.    22 

Xov.   27 

1865. 
Jan.    23 
April  11 

April  — 


1861. 
April  24 
June  4 
May  12 
June  25 
July  6 
June  25 
June  5 
June  24 
Aug.  29 
Dec.  28 
Dec.   30 

1862. 
Mar.   29 
Mar.   17 
April  19 

April  26 


Crystal  river,  Fla. . . 

St.  Mark's  light.... 
Lat.23°N'.,  long.  83° 

W 

Near  3Iatamoras.. . . 

Eed  river 

Near  Pascagoula 

Near  Mat:igorda 

Oft'  Rio  Brazos 

At  sea 

Otf  Alexandria,  Va. 

Jupiter  inlet,  Fla. . . 

Oa  Ke^-  inlet 

At  se:i 

Oft'  Velasco 

Oft'  Brazos  river 

Near  Indian  river. . 


By  what  vessel. 


Mobile  Bay  , 


Bahia,  Brazil 

Oft'  Charleston,  S.  0, 

Lat.  23°  N.,  long.  97' 

W 


Off  St.  Mark's,  Fla., 
Crystal  river,  Fla. . 

Richmond,  Va 


Roanoke  river,  N.C. 


Hampton  roads. 

Cape  Henry 

Charleston 


Galveston. 


St.  Mark's,  FJa 

Potomac  river 

Rappahannock  river 

Pascagoula 

Galveston 


Coast  of  Cuba 

Potecay  creek,  N.  C. 

Charleston 

Capture     of     Fort 
Macon 


Octorara 


Tioga  and  Octorara 

Port  Royal 
Primrose 
Sagamore  and  Two 

Sisters 
Stars  and  Stripes 

Juniata 

Princess  Royal 
Black  Hawk 
Genesee 
Bermuda 
Tennessee 

A.  Hugel 

Honeysuckle 
Florida 
Honeysuckle 
Owasco 
Chocura 
Bermuda 

W.  Gitlf  blockading 
squadron 

Wachusett 

Picket  launches 

Princess  Royal 

Fox 
Sea  Bird 


Naval  expedition 

Cumberland 

Quaker  City 

Niagara 

Dawn 

South  Carolina 

Dawn 

Mohawk 

Daylight 
New  London 
Santee 


R.  R.  Cuyler 
Hunchback,  &a, 
Huron 

Gemsbok 


330 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND  DESTEOTED 


Class. 


Schooner. 

Steamer . . 
Steamer.. 
Stcam.er.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Bark 

Steamor.. 
Schooner. 

Schooner . 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

BIoop 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Sloop....... 

Steam.er.. 
Steamer.. 
Brig 

Schooner., 
Bark 

Schooner., 


Name. 


Gen.C.  C.  Pink- 
ney 

Gov. A.  Moulton 
General  Lovell. 
Gen.  Beauregard 
General  Price . , 
General  Bragg. 
!G.   L.  Brocken- 

I     horough , 

JGrapeshot 

G.  "W.  Green..., 
Gov.  Morton. . . 


Goodluck 

Galena 

[George  W.  Grice 

[George  Alban.. . 

'Gov.  Mouton... 
[Georgia 

General  Taylor. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1862 

May     6 

May    12 
June    6 


Oct.     15 

Nov.     6 
Nov.  16 


Where  captured. 


At  sea 

Berwick's  bay. 
Memphis , 


Apalachicola  river. 
Chesapeake  bay. . . . 


St.  John's  river. 


1863. 
Tan.     6 1  Cape  Florida 


11! 


Jan. 

Jan. 

J:in.    — 
Jan.  Hi 

^Fcb.    20  ( 


New  Orleans  , 

I 


Chesapeake  bay. 
i 
Glide Feb.    23  Tybee  creek 


By  what  vesBeL 


Granite   City. 

Georgiana 

Gertrude 

Gipsey 

, Golden  Liner. 

General  Prim. 
i 

Golden  Age 


Glen 

George 

General  Worth 

Gold  Leaf. 

General  Beaure- 
gard  

Grey  Jacket 

G.  Garibaldi.... 
Gen.  Sumter... 

Good  Hope 

Greyhound 

Gen.  Finnegan. 

Georgiana    Mc- 
Cavv 

Geor.ria 

Geziena 
gonda.. 


Mar.  22 
Mar.  19 
April  16 
iMar.  20 
April  27 
April  24 

May   24' 

i 

June  — 

July  29 

Aug.     — ; 

Aug.  23' 

Dec.    12 

Dec.    31 

1864.    i 

Feb.     4 

Mar.  12 

'April  18; 

May    10 1 

May   28 


At  sea 

Charleston 

Eleuthera 

St.  Josepli's  bay 

Morrell's  inlet,  S.  C. 
Gulf  of  Mexico 


Lat.  3o°N.,  long.  73° 
W 

Caloosehatchee  river 
Lat.  24°N.,  long.  82' 
AV 


Off  Wilmington.. 
Off  Mobile 


Hilli- 


Gen.  Burkhart. 
Geo.  Douthwaite 

H.  M.  Johnson. 


Jupiter  inlet 

Ijake  George 

At  sea 

At  sea 

Chashcowitzka  river 


Off  Wilm.,  N.  Car. 

Coast  of  Portugal.. 

Off  Brazos,  St.  lago, 

Texas 


June    2 

Aug.  15 

jDec.     4 

1865. 

Mar.   17 

Mav     8 

1861. 
May   31,  Near  Cape  Lookout 


Lat.  26°N.,  long.  96= 
W 

Coast  of  Florida. . . . 


Ottawa 

Hatteras 
Western  flotilla 


Fort  Henry 

Teazer 

T.  A.  Ward 

Joint  exi)edition 

Ariel 


Admiral  Farragut's 
fleet 
<i 

Crusader  and  Ma- 
haska 

Mittblehead  and 
Passaic 

i  Tioga 

Wissahickon 

Vanderbilt 

Ethan  Allen 

jMonticello 

De  Soto 

Yazoo  Pass  expedi- 
tion 

Cambria 

Gem  of  the  Sea 

Sunflower 

Jacob  Bell 


Kennebec 

Beauregard 
Datibdil  and  others 
Fox,  tender  to  San 

Jacinto 
Connecticut 
Ariel,  tender  to  San 

Jacinto 

Maratanza 

Niagara 

Pembina 

Quaker  City 
Isonomia 

Perry 


FOE  VIOLATION   OF  THE  BLOCKADE. 


33] 


Glass. 


Schooner... 
Bark...... 

Schooner... 
Brig 

Schooner.. . 

Brig 

Sloop 

Brig';intine., 
Schooner.. . , 
Schooner..., 

Schooner 

Schooner.., 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner. . . , 

Steamer.... 

Schooner 

Boat 


Name. 


Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 


Haxall 

Hiawatha , 

H.  E.  Spearing. 
Ilallie  Jackson. 

Herbert 

Herald 

H.  Day 

Hanimh  Balch.. 
H.  Middleton... 
H.  C.  Brooks... 
Henry  Nutt.... 
Harriet  P.  Byan 

Harmony 

Harford 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


July    16 


1861 

May  20 
May  29 
June  10 


Where  captured. 


Hampton  roads. 


Aug.  21 
Sept.    9 


April  24 
Sept.  18 

Henry  Lewis...!  No  v.  22 

Havelock iDec.    15 

Henrietta 'Nov.  13 

i    1862. 
Harriet  &  Sarah  May    14 

Henry  Travcrs.'Mar. 


Steamer. .  • .  Havana June    5 

Armed  sloop  Hannah Aug.  12 


Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 


Sloop 

Sloop 

ilebel  ai-med 
steamer. . . 

Schooner.... 

Schooner. .. 

Schooner..  . 
Schooner.. . . 

Sloop 

Schooner.... 


Schooner. 
Bark 

Btcamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Sloop 


Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

t^loop 

Steamer.. 


Hermosa. 

Hampton. 
Harriet. . . 
Hettiwan. 
Home.... 

Hortense., 

Helen 

Hart , 


Handv. 


Harvest. 

Hunter 

Helena 

Henry  'Wolcott. 
Hattie 

Harriet 


H.  McGuin. 


Havelock  (?)... 

Herald 

Hebe 

Herald 

Hancock 


Hope 

Hannah 

Henry  Colthurst 

Hattie 

Hard  Times.... 

Hope 

Hope 


Oct.     30 

1863. 
.Ta,n.    13 
Jau.    22 
Jan.    21 


Feb.  18 
Mar.  24 
April  — 

April  22 

April  30 

May  17 
June  30 
June  22 
June  21 

June  18 

July   18 

June  10 

Sept.  — 
Aug.  18 
Oct.  23 
Dec.    24 

1864. 
Feb.  4 
Mar.  1] 
Feb.  20 
Mar.  14 
Mar.  — 
luly  10 
Oct.    22 


Mouth  Miss,  river. 
Savannah 


Coa^^t  N.  Car... 
Potomac  river. 
Charleston.  ... 


Hatteras  inlet. 


Hatteras 

Pope's  creek,  Md. 

Mississippi  sound. 

Cape  Fear 

Chincotcague 


Newbern,  N.  Car. 
Lat.  28°N.,  long.  91° 

W 

Dead  Mail's  bay.... 

Corpus  Christi 

Sabine  river 


By  what  vessel. 


Dividing  creek,  Va, 
Chuckatuck  creek.. 
Charleston 


Bat.  29''N.,  long.  84° 
"W" 


Berwick's  bay 

Lat.  26°N.,  long.  76' 
W 

Bat.  28°N.,  long.  75' 
W 

Mobile 


Coast  of  N.  Car 

La,t.  28°N.,  long.  82= 

W 

Bay  St.  Louis 

Charleston 


At  sea 

Off  New  inlet,  N.  C. 
Otf  Fryingpan  shoals 
Tampa  bay 


Jupiter  inlet 

Otf  Mosquito  inlet. . 

San  Luis  Pass 

Near  St.  John's  Fla. 
St.  Mary's  river.... 

Sajjelo  sound 

Oil'  Wilmington. . . . . 


Minnesota 

)j 
Brooklyn 
Union 

St.  Lawrence 
Thom:is  Freeborn, 
"Wabash 
Vandalia 
Naval  expedition 

<t 
Pawnee 
Gf-msbok 
Resolute 
New  London  and  S. 

R.  Cuyler 
Jamestown 
Louisiana 

Rowan's  expedition 

Bohio 

Isilda 

Arthur 

Connecticut 

Currituck 

Commodore  Morris 
Ottowa 

Somerset,  &c. 
Naval  expedition 
Estrella 

Oetorara 

Juniata 

Kanawha,  &o. 
Ossipee 
Satellite 
Florida 

Tahoma 

Vincennes  &  Clifton 
S.  Atlantic  blockad'g 

squadron 
Tioga 

Niphon  and  others 
Calypso 
Sunflower 

Beauregard 

Virginia. 

Daffodil  and  others 

Para 

Liidona 

Lolus 


332 


VESSELS    CAPTUEED    AND   DESTEOYED 


Class. 


Rebel  st'r. . . 

Gunboat  uri' 

iiiiished  . , 

Schooner.. . , 
Schooner... . 
Schooner..., 

Schooner.. . . 

Brig. 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner 

Schooner. . . 
Brig 


Sloop. 


Enclish  8ch, 
Steamer. . . . 

Steamer.... 
Ste;uner.... 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner. .. 
Bark 


Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 


Name. 


Hampton. 
Halifax..., 


Industry 

Iris 

Island  Bolle.... 

Isabel  or  W.  R, 

I^Jng 

Intended. 

Ida 


Ida 

Inez , . . 

Isabel 

Isabella  Thomp- 
son 
Isabella 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1S64 


Where  captured. 


18GI. 
May    15 
May 
Deo.    31 

18G2. 


Indian. 
Isabel.. 


Ivanhoe. 
Ida 


J.  H.  Etheridse. 
John  Hamilton. 
Jane  "Wright. . . . 

Julia 

Joseph  H.  Toone 

Judith 

Jorgen   Lorent- 

zen 

Jane  Campbell.. 

J.  "W.  "Wilder... 
Julia 

Joanna  "Ward... 


Feb. 

May 

July    12 

1863. 
Mar.     4 
April  18 
May   18 
June  19 

Mav   22 

18^64. 
April  10 
May    28 

July     4 
July     8 

1861. 
May    1,') 
July     5 
Aug.     2 


J.  J.  McNeil.... 
Julia  Worden . . 

Jesse  J.  Cox. . . . 

Julia 

Jane 


Jeff.  Thompson. 

Jeflt".  Davis 

I  John 


Schooner...; J.  J.Crittenden 


Schoonei;. 

Brig- 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 


.  [  James  Norcon. . 

.1  Josephine 

.  John  Gilpin.... 
.'John  Thompson 
. ;  J.  C.  Kozer 


Richmond,  Va 

Roanoke  river,  N.  C. 

Hampton  roads 

Bull's  island  light'.! 

Atchafalaya  bay 

ifcw  inlet,  N.  Car. . . 

Lat.  26°N.,  long.  76° 

W 


Charlotte  harb'rFla. 
Iiidin.n  lUver  inlet.. 
Mobile  

Lat.    41°     N.,    long. 

67°  ^y 

"Wacassassa  bay 


At  sea , 

Off  Galveston. 


Off  Mobile.... 
Sapelo  sound. 


Oct.  1 
Sept.  13 
Dec.    26, 

Dec.    14 

1862. 
Jan.   20 
Jan.    24 
Feb.    24 


Jan.  25 
Mar.  27 

Mar.  25 
May  11 
May     3 

June  6 
Mar.  14 
April    8 

April  10 

Mar.  28 
July   28 

?^ept."2 
Dec.     3 


Hampton  roads 

,,  .... 

Potomac  river 

Beaufort,  N.  Car... 

Barrataria  bay 

Pensacola  navy  yard 
lidt.    6°    M.,     Long- 

37°  "W 

Beaufort,  N .  Car . . . 

Mobile  bar 

New  Orleans 

Lat.  S0°  N.  long. 
80°  "W 

Corpus  Chiisti 

Cape  lioman  pas- 
sage  

Mobile 


By  -what  vessel. 


Lat.     26°    N.,   long. 

83°  W 

Memphis 

Newbern 

Pasquotank  river, 
N.  Carolina 

Newtogan  creek,  N, 
Carolir;a 

Little  River,  N.  C. . . 

Ship  Island,  Miss. . . 

Mississippi  sound. . . 


"Wilmington. 


Naval  expedition 

Minnesota 

J) 
Augusta 

Montgomery 

Jamestovvn 

Mercedita 

J.  S.  Chambers 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
R.  .R.  Cuyler 
United  States 

Port  Henry 

Yicksburg 
Admiral 

Fleet  off  Mobile 
Sonoma 

Minnesota 
Daylight,  &c. 
Thomas  Freeborn 
Cambridge 
South  Carolina 
Boat  expedition  from 

Colorado 
Morning  Light 
State  of  Georgia 

R.  E.  Cuyler 
Mercedita,  &o. 

Harriet  Lane 

Arthur 

Restless 

Caynga. 
Kittatinny 

R.  R.  Cuyler. 

Western  flotilla 
Vessels  in  sounds  of 

North  Carolina 
Commodore    Perry, 

&c. 

Shawsheen,  &o. 

Hatteras 

Katahdin 

Restless 

Cambridge 


FOR    VIOLATION   OF    THE    BLOCKADE. 


333 


Class. 


Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Scliooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Sloop..  .. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 


Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer. . . . 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Mexican  sch 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 


Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 


Name. 


Julia 

John  G.  Calhoun 
J.  C.  MoCabo... 
John  "Williams. . 


J.  D  Clark... 
Joe  Planner.. 

Juniper 

Jane  Adelie . . 
Justlna 


John  "Walsh . . 
John  "Wesley. 


Julia . 


James  Battle. 
J.  T.  Davis... 
Juno 


Jenny. 


Jupiter. 


Jane... 
Jenny. 


John  Scott. 


John  Douglass.. 

Josephine 

Juanita 

Julia  A.  Hodges 

Judson 

Jupiter 

Julia 

James  "Williams 

John 

James  Sandy... 
John  A.  Hazard 


Julia. 
Julia. 


.Josephine . 
John  Hale. 


Kate. 
Kate. 

Kate. 
Kate. 
Kate. 
Kate. 


1863. 
Jan.     8 
Jan.    22 
Jan.    18 
Mar.  19 

April  8 
April  24 
May  4 
April  24 
April  23 

May  24 
June  16 


July  17 
Aug.  10 
Sept.  22 

Oct.      6 


Sept.  13 


Jupiter  inlet 

Ohuckatuok  creek  . . 

James  river 

Lat.    26°    N.,    long. 

76°  W 

Red  river 

Mohile 


Gulf  of  Mexico 

Lat.    28°    N.,    long. 
78°  "W 


Lat.    28°    I^.,   long. 

83°  W 

Lat.    25°    K.,    long. 

76°  W 


Rio  Grande 

Off  "Wilmington,  N. 

Car 
Off  Rio  Grande..... 


At  sea. 


Oct.    —  Off  Rio  Brazos. 
Oct.       6  Coast  of  Texas. 

1864. 
Jan.     7  Off  Mobile. 


Feb.  29 
Mar .  24 
April  11 
April  6 
April  30 
June  27 

n 

July  12 
Sept.  11 
Oct.  28 
Nov.     5 

Deo.  5 
Dec.    23 

1865. 
Jan.    14 

Feb.      3 

1862. 
April    2 
Dec.    27 

1863. 
Feb.    25 
May    28 
June  23 
Aug.     1 


OffVelasco,  Texas.. 
Saversota  sound.... 
Off  San  Luis  Pass. . . 

Matagorda  bay 

Off  Mobile  bar 

At  sea 

Off  Sapelo  sound. . . . 

Off  Galveston 

Off  Velasco 

Off  Alexandria,  Va. 
Lat.    26°    N,   long. 

96°  "W 

Near  Velasco,  Texas 
Alligator  creek,  S.  C. 

Off  Brazos,  St.  lago, 

Texas 

Coast  of  Florida  .... 

"Wilmington 

St.  Mark's  river.... 


By  what  vesseL 


Sagamore 

Commodore  Morris 
Zouave 

Octorara 

Hartford 
Pembina 
Kanawha 
De  Soto 

Tioga 

Yazoo  Pass  expedi- 
tion 
Circassian 

Tioga 

De  Soto,  &c. 
Cayuga 

Connecticut 

"Virginia 


&   Nan- 


Point  Isabel  light.. 

Indian  river 

New  Inlet,  N.  C... 


Cimarron 

tucket 
Tennessee 
Virginia 


Kennebec  and  otb- 

ers 
Penobscot 
Sunflower 
Virginia 
Estrella 
Conemaugh 
Proteus 
IS'ipsic 
Penobscot 
Augusta  Dinsmore 
Adolph  Hugel 

Fort  Morgan 

Chocura 
Acacia 

Seminole 
Matthew  Vassar 

Mount  Vernon 
Roebuck 

Potomac  flotilla 

Brooklyn 

Pursuit 

James  Adger,  &o. 


334 


VESSELS   CAPTURED    AND    DESTROYED 


Class. 


Steamer... 
Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner . 
Propeller. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner . 

Steamer. . 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer. . 
Schooner. 

Schooner . 

Brig 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Bark 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer. . 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer. . 


Name. 


Kate  Dale. 
Kaskaskia. 

Kate  Dale.. 


1863 
July    14 


Laurie 

Lynohhurg; 

Louisa 

Leon 

Louisa 

Louisa  Agnes. 
Lida 


Lizzie  Weston . . 
Labuan  

Lynnhaven. . . . . 


Lion 

Lizzie  Taylor. . . 
Lydia  and  Mary. 

Lookout 

Lafayette 

Liverpool 

Lew  i  9      White- 
more 

Lucy  C.  Holmes. 

Lion 

La  CrioUa 

Little  Eebel 

Louise 

Lucy 

Lilla 

L.  Rebecca 

Lizzie 

Lodona 

Lonely  Bell 

Louisa 


La  Manche. 


Lavinia  . . . 

Lilly 

Levi  Howe . 


Landis 

Little  Magruder, 
Lightning 

Laura  Dudley.. 

Ladies'  Delight. 

Linnet 

Lady  Walton... 

Lizzii; 


16 


Hampton  roads. 


Oct. 

1861 
May 

May    SOjChesapeake  hay... 
July         "    " 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Dec. 

1862 
Jan. 
Peb, 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where  captured. 


By  what  vessel. 


Tampa  hay. 


4 

25 

11 

9 

1 


19 
1 


Feb. 

Feb. 

Mar. 
Mar. 
April 
April 
April 

May 

May 
Mar. 
May 
elune 
June 


Galveston 

Potomac  river 

Cape  Fear  river  . . . . 
Beaufort,  N.  Car.... 
OttSt.  Simonds 


Boca  Chica 

ElizabethCity,  N.  C. 

Lat.26°  N.,long.  93° 

W 

Kewbern 

Cape  PLOiiian  passage 
Potomac  river 


Georgetown 


At  sea 

Pantago  creek.N.  C. 

Charlfston 

Memphis 


June  20 


July 
June 


Aug.     2 


Aug. 
Mar. 


Aug.  23 


Aug.  27 

Aug.  31 

Nov.   30 

1863. 

Jan.    19 


Jan. 
Mar 


15 
April  27 
May  14 
May  21 
June  — 


Lnt.  29°  N.,  lone.  83" 
W 

Hole  in  the  Wall.... 


Coast  of  IS'^orth  Caro- 
lina  

Ossabaw  sound 

Powell's  Point 

Charleston 


Lat.  38°  N.,  long.  69° 
W 

Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  76° 
W 

At  sea 

ISTew  inlet 


ISTew  Orleans,  La. 
White  House 


R.  R.  Cuyler 
Mississippi      squad- 
ron. 
Tahoma  and  Adela 

Cumberland 
Quaker  City 
South  Carolina 
Thomas  Freeborn 
Penguin 
Cambridge 
Seminole 

Itasca 
Portsmouth 

Delaware 

Kingfisher 

Rowan's  espedition 
Restless 
Potomac  flotilla 
Pursuit. 
Keystone  State 

Colorado 

Santiago  de  Cuba 
Delaware 
Bienville 
Western  flotilla 
Albatros 

Beauregard 

Quaker  City 
Bohio 

Penobscot 

Unadilla 
General  Putnam 
Bienville  and  Pem« 
bina 

Ino 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

W.  G.  Anderson 
Mount  Vernon 

Admiral  Farragut'j 

fleet. 
Mahaska,  &c. 
Bienville 


Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  86° 
W 

Urbana.  Va 

Lat.  26°  N.,  long.84° 
W 

White  river 


McClellan 
Currituck,  &c 
Union 

Naval  boat  exp'n 
July   15i^\^^'°  ^^•'  ''^^f^':'^°|Santiago  de  Cuba 


FOE   VIOLATION   OF   TH"E   BLOCKADE. 


335 


Class. 


Schooner. . 
Steamer... 
Sloop 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Steamer... 


Boat. 


Schooner. . . 

Schooner... 

Schooner. .. 
Schooner... 
English  sch. 


Sloop 

Steamer.. . , 

Steamer. . . , 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner ... 
Schooner..., 

Steamer... . 

Schooner..., 

Schooner.. . . 
Sloop 

Schooner.. . . 

Schooner . . . 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Longboat... 
Schooner... 

Bark 

Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 

Schooner... 


Name. 


Lady  Maria. . 
Louisville... 
Last  Trial... 

Lizzie  Davis. 


Leviathan. 
Laui'a 


Lydia.. 
Louisa  . 


When 
cap- 
tured. 

1S63 
July     6 


Oct.    — 
Sept.  16 


Where  captured. 


Bay  Port,  Fla. 
Eed  River 


Lat.  25°  58'  N.,  Ion 
85°n'W... 


By  what  vessel. 


Be  Soto  and  others 
Red  river  expedit'n 
Beauregard 


°"  San  Jacinto 


Sept.  22  Off  Southwest  Pass.. 

1864.    i 
Jan.    18,  Ockockney  river.... 


Feb. 
Feb. 


11 


4|  Jupiter  inlet 

Oif     Brazos      River 
Pass 


Linda Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

April 

June 

July 


Lilly 

Lauretta  . . . 

Lilly 

Laura. . . 

Last  Resort. 
Little  Ada.. 

Lilian - 

Lynx 

Lucy 

Louisa 

Louisa , 


Lady  Sterling... 


Louisa , 

Lucy 

Little  Elmere. 

Lone 

Louisa , 

Lowood , 

Lady  Hurley. 


Aug. 

Sept 

Nov. 

Oct. 
Oct. 

Oct.    31 
Oct.    12 


Oct. 
Nov. 


Nov.     6 


Lilly 

Louisa 

Lecompte 

Lady  Davis. 


1861 
Mary  &  "Virginia  May 
Mary  Willis. . . .  May 

Mary May 

Mary  Clinton. . .  May 

McCanfield July 

Mary July 

Monticello July 

Morning  Star, 

Mary  Alice Aug. 

Macao iSepi. 

Mary  "Wood jSept. 

Mary  E.  PindariSept. 

Mabel iNov.  15, 


11  Off  Mosquito  inlet. 

28  OffVelasco,  Texas. 

1  Off  Indian  River... 

17|OffVelasco 

211.. ..      „         

30j  Jupiter  inlet 

9  At  sea. 

24 
25 


Off  New  inlet,  N.  C. 

g'Lat.  32° 40'  N.,  long. 

^1     77°  48'  "W 

ISOff  San  Luis  Pass... 
12  Near  Aransas  Pass. 

Off  "Wilmington.... 

Pass, 


21 


Off    Aransas 

Texas 

OftBayport,  Fla 


91Mobjack  bay,  Va. 


Nov. 
Deo. 
Dec. 

1865 
Jan. 
Feb. 
May 


Lat.  28'"  N.,  long.  95° 
"W 

Bar  of  St.  Bernard. . 
Near  "Velasco,  Texas 
Off  Velasco,  Texas.. 


De  Soto 

Stars  and  Stripes 

Beauregard 
Queen 

i  Beauregard  and  Nor- 
' !    folk  packet 
. '  Penobscot 
.  I  Roebuck 
.  jOwasco 

)) 
.  i  Roebuck 
. ;  Gettysburg 

I  Keystone  State  and 
others 

Js^iphon  and  others 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Mobile 
Chocura 

Calypso,  Eollis,  Fort 
Jackson 

Chocura 

Sea  Bird 
Stepping  Stones 

Fort  Morgan 

Chocura 


6  Off  Galveston,  Texas 
18  Arkansas  Pass,  Texas 


25 


Galveston,  Texas.., 
Charleston,  8.  C..., 

Hampton  Roads 


4 
14 
15 
30  Mouth  of  Mississippi 

4,  Galveston 

13|]S"orth   Carolina.... 

26  Rappahannock  river 

Potomac  river 


Mouth  of  Mississippi 
Hatteras  inlet 


Lat.  31°N.,  long.  8U° 
W 


Metacomet 
Penobscot 
Cor  nubia 


Cumberland 
Minnesota 

Powhatan 

South  Carolina 

Roanoke 

Daylight 

Freeborn 

Wabash 

Brooklyn  &  St  Louis 

Pawnee 

Gemsbok 

Dale 


380 


VESSELS    CAPTUEED    ANT)   DESTEOTED 


Class. 


Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. . 
Pilot  boat. 
Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 


Where  captured. 


1S62 
lIMajor  Barbour..  Jan. 

[Mars iFfb. 

:  Mary   I^e'n'is i Jan. 

JJara-arct,   «^J««,-p„,, 
Wm.  Henry.. I^*'^- 

'Mag-nolla iFcb. 

ilary  Olivia.... iApril 
Monterey j  April 

Mersey j  April 


By  what  vesaeL 


Maria April 

^lag-net : 

Mary  Teresa. . . 

Magnolia 

Monitor 

Mary  Stewart. . 
Moi-ning  Star.. 

Steamer. . . . '  Modern  Greece. . 


May 
May 
June 
June 
[June 


iS: Racoon  Point,  La...  De  Soto 

j  Fcmandina ;Keyst0]ie  State 

25^Mantle  river,  Fla...' Kingfisher  <k  others 

6'  Isle  au  Briton j  Sciota 

19  Pass  a  I'Outrc Brooklyn  and  others 

2lApalachicola Moreodita,  &c. 

—  Potomac  river Potomac  river 

2*5i^W.!!°.?!;'.^.°."f.!?.°  Santiago  de  Cuba 

30  Charleston '  „ 

. . . ! Fernandina iDupont's  expedition 

10  Charleston TJnadilla. 

1|  Berwick  bay Hatteras 

—  Piankatank  river. . .  Anacosiia 

3 '  Santee  river Gem  of  the  Sea 


27 


Steamer. . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 


Memphis 

Mail 

Mary  Elizabeth, 
I  Monte  Christo., 

Mar  J'  Ann 

Mustang 

Maria 


Ijuly 
^Aug. 
I  Aug. 
iJuly 


81 


Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Ship 

Ship 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Brig 

Brig 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Brig 

Schooner. 
Schooner.. 


Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 


Mary  Grey.. 
Mont  Blanc. 


'Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 
Dec. 


Metropolis.. 

Milan 

Music 

Mercury. . . . 
Matilda  .... 

Margaret... 

Moro 

Mail. 

Minna 

Magicienne. 

Mary  Jane. 

Minnie 


1863.    I 
Jan.    lOjIv'ew  Orleans,  Ba. . 


Jan.    22 
Jan.     4 


Mattie 

Maggie  Fulton  . 

Minnie 

Major  E.  Willis 
Martha  Ann. . . . 


Maria  Bishop.. 
Mignionette . . . 

M^ssissippian . . 


Frying  Pan  shoals..  Bien-^-ille 

Near  Fort  Fisher...  1%™^^°°'  ^^ars  & 

At  sea Magnolia 

li Freeborn 

24  Wilmington Stars  &  Stripes,  &c. 

lO.Coastof  Texas Arthur 

..  j 'Kensington,  <tc. 

—  Coast  of  Texas '<  Arthur 

12, Sabine  Pass jKensington,  &c. 

3  Baton  Rouge lEssex 

19! It.  A.  Ward 

26 1  Bahamas I  Octorara 


Feb.      1 

Feb.  3 
Feb.  23 
Feb.    18 

Jan.    28 

Mar.  24 

April    6 

April  13 

April  8 
April  20 
April  19 
April  24 
Mav  13- 

14 
May    17 
May    19 
June     1 
May    19 


Chuckatuck  creek. . . 

Charleston. 

Matagorda  bay 

Bat.  27°  X.,  long.  83° 

W 

Mississippi  river.... 


Shallot  inlet 

Bat.  22"  K.,  long.  28* 

AV 

■Wilming-ton 

Bat.  2C'  N.,  long.  82° 

W 

Bat.  23°  N.,  long  83° 

W 

Indian  river  inlet. . . 

Bull's  bp.y 

Charleston 

Chesapeake  bay 

Urbana,  Va 


At  sea 

Piney  I'oint 

Lawson's  bay,  Va.. . 
Gulf  of  Mexico. . . . . 


Admiral    Farragut's 
fleet. 

Commodore  Morris. 
Quaker  City 
Henry  Janes,  &c. 

Tahoma,  &c. 

Queen  of  the  AVest 
Potomac  flotilla 
■y  ictoria 

Onward 

State  of  Georgia,  &c. 

Huntsville. 

Annie 

Gem  of  the  Sea 

Ladona 

Powhatan 

Western  World,  &0. 

CuiTituck,  &c. 

Courier 
Sophronia 
Primrose,  &c. 
De  Soto 


FOE   VIOLATION    OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


337 


OlasB. 


Steamer.... 
Steamer..,. 

Sciiooner 

Scliooner  . . . 

Steamer 

Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 

Schooner.. . . 
Schooner... . 
British  stmr 
British  stmr 

Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . . 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 


Name.', 


Mobile 

Magnolia 

Mary  Jane 

Miriam 

Merrimack 

Massachusetts. . 

Music 

Montgomery. . . . 

MackCanfield.. 
M.1V. 


Sloop 

Schooner... 

Steamer. . . . 

Schooner. . . 

Steamer. . . . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
British  sch.. 

Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 
British  sch. . 

Eng.  steamer 

English  sch. 

Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.. . . 

Schooner.... 


Mail 

Martha  Jane. . . 


and 


Margaret 

Jest^ie.... 
Matamoras 
Marshal  J.Smith 
Maria  Alberta 


Magnolia 

Mary  Ann 

Minna 

Mary  Campbell. 


Mayflower 

Minnie 

Maria  Louise... 

Mary 

Mary  Ann 

M.  P.  Burton. . , 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1863 


June  18 

July  24 
July  2 
Sept.  17 
Sept.  13 

Aug.  25 


Oct. 
Oct. 

Nov.     5 

Nov.     4 
Dec.      9 

Nov.  27 

Dec.    16 

Nov. 

Dec. 


15 
20 


26 

9 

14 


Where  captured. 


Yazoo  City. 


Clearwater  harbor.. 

Brazos  Santiago 

Isew  inlet,  Nrc... . 

Baltimore,  Md 

Potomac  river 

Lat.  28°  3-:'  N.,  lona:. 

39°12W ;. 

Eio  Grande 


At  sea 

Near  Cedar  Keys. . . . 

Oflf  Wilmington 

Off  Eio  Grande 

Ofr  Mobile 

Bay  port,  Florida.. . . 

Lat.  26°  15'  N.,  long. 

82°  W 

Lat.  26°  22'  N.,  long. 

97°  W 

Lat  23°  48'  N.,  lone:. 

78°  3' W :. 

Near  Pensacola 


By  what  vessel. 


Nov. 

1864.    I 

Jan.  13 !  Sarasope  Pass,  Pla . . 

Jan.  loilildsquito  inlet 

Jan.  10  Jupiter  inlrt 

Jan.  19 
Mar.     6 

Mar.  11 


Sloop 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 


Off  Wilmincton .... 
Lat.  28°  SO'  is",  long. 

95°  5' W 

Marion Mar.   12  Gulf  of  Mexico 

Mary  Sorley....^ April    4;0ff  Galveston 

Maudoline I  April  13j  Atchafalaya  bay. . . . 

Maria  Alfred. . .       „         Lat.  28°  50'  N.,  long. 

I     95°  5' W 

May     9  Lat.  34°  N.,  long.  75° 

j   28'-vr 

April.  29i  Lat.  25°  25'  N.,  long. 

■     I     84°30W 

SiOff  Washington,  N. 

I     Carolina. 

July     8  Off  coast  of  Texas . . 

Sept.  lOXat.  22°  50'  N.,  long. 

'     85°  47'  "W. 

29  Off  Charleston,  S.  C. 


Minnie.... 
Miriam. . . 
M.  O'NeiU 


Matagorda. 
Matagorda. 


Mary  Bowers 

Medera , 

Mary , 


Mary  Ann. 
Morris 


Mary  Ellen. 


May 


Oct. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 
Dec. 

1865- 
Jan. 


Pascagoular  bar. . . . 


Lat.  32°  N.,  long.  78° 

W. 
Off  Pass  Cabello,  Tex 
19j  Gulf  of  Mexico 


3 1  Off  Volasco,  Texas, 


Yazoo  Pass  exped'n 

)> 
Tahoma 
Itasca 
Iroquois 
Yankee 
Adolph  Hugel 
De  Soto 

W.  G.  Anderson 
C(Bur  de  Lion,  &e. 
Honduras  &  others 
Anne,  tender  to  Port 

Henry 
Keystone  State  and 

others 
Owasco  and  Virginia 
Kennebec 
Two  Sisters,  tender 

to  San  Jacinto 
Aiiel,  tender  to  San 

Jacinto 
Antona 

Circassian 

Bermuda 

Union 

Beauregard 

Roebuck 

Grand'Gulf 
Aroostook 


Scioto 
Nyanza 
Rachel  Seaman 

Connecticut 

Honeysuckle 

Valley  City 

Kanawha  and  others 
Magnolia 

S.    Atlantic    Block. 

Squadron 
J.   P.    Jackson   and . 

Stockdale 
Mackinaw 

Itasca 
Pocahontas 

Kanawha 


338 


VESSELS   CAPTDEED    AND  DESTEOTED 


ClasB. 


Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Iron-clad 
(rebel) 
Steamer.. 


Ship. 
Brig. 


Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 


Sloop 

Steamer. . 

Brig 

Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Steamer. . 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 


Steamer. . 
Steamer. . 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner . 


Steamer.. 
Iron-clad 
(rebel). . 

Bark 

Schooner.. 


Name. 


Matilda, 

Mary  Agnes. 


Matilde., 

Malta... 


Mar}'.... 
Morgan. . 

Mab , 

Missouri. 


Mary  T.  Cotton. 

North  Carolina. 
Nahum  Stetson. 


Napoleon. . . 
New  Island. 
Newcastle... 


New  Eagle... 

Nassau 

Napier 

Nathan'l  Taylor 

Nellie 

Nonsuch 

Neustra    Sonora 

de  Kegla. 
Naniope 


Nashville. . 
Nicolailst. 
Neptune... 


Nellie 

New  Year. 
Nymph. . . . 
Natchez... 
Nanjemoy. 

Nita 

Neptune. . . 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1865 
Feb.    11 
Feb.   18 

Feb.   11 

Mar.     3 

Mar.   16 


June    3 


1861 
May    14 
June  19 

1862, 
Mar.  14 
April  2 
May   11 

May  15 
May  28 
July  29 
April    8 

Sept.  23 
Dec.     1 


1863, 
Feb.  28 
Mar.  21 
April  19 


Mar. 

April 

April 

May 

July 

Aug. 

June 


1864, 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


Nutfield..,. 
Nan-Nan. . . 

Nina 

Neptune May 

Night  Hawk....; Sept. 
Neptune Nov. 


Where  captured. 


Off  Pass  Cabello,  Tex 
Aransas  Pass,  Texas 

Near   Pass   Cabello, 

Texas. 
Bayou    Vermillion, 

Louisiana. 
Indian  river,  Fla... 


By  what  vessel. 


Charleston,  S.  C, 
Ked  river , 


Hampton  roads. . . 
Mouth  of  Mississippi 
river. 

Newbem 

Apalachicola 

Lat.  23°  N.,  long,  83° 
W. 

Coast  of  Cuba 

Wilmington 


Pasquotank  river,  N. 

Carolina. 
Ossabaw  Sound,  Ga. 

Bahama  Banks 

Port  Royal 


Fort  McAllister... 
Cape  Fear  river.. 
Charleston. 


Port  Royal 

Tortugas 

Coast  of  Texas. 


Cone  river 

Gulf  of  Mexico 

Lat.  25°  N.,  long.  85' 
W. 


Nansemond. . . . 
Nashville 


Octavia 

Olive  Branch.. 


1865 
April 
May 


4  New  river  inlet 

24  Suwannee  river 

27  Indian  river 

6! Tampa  bay 

29' 

19  OffBr'aioVde  Santi- 
ago, Texas. 


10 


Richmond,  Va. 


186L 
May    16 
Ijuue  23 1  Mississippi  sound. 


Hampton  road.'s. 


Penobscot 


GUde 
Pursuit 


Minnesota 
Brooklyn,  &C 


Rowan's  expedition 
Mercedita,  &a 
Bainbridge 

Sea  Foam 

State  of  Georgia,  &c. 
Mount  Vernon,  &c. 
Commodore     Perry, 

&c. 
Alabama 
Tioga 
General     Sherman, 

Diana 

Montauk 

Victoria,  &c. 

S.    Atlantic    Block. 

Squadron 
South  Carolina 
Sagamore 
Rachel  Seaman 
Yazoo  Pass  exped'n. 
Yankee 
DeSoto 
Lackawanna 


Sassacus 

Nita 

Roebuck 

Sunflower 

Niphon 

Princess  Royal 


Star 
Massa/;husett8 


FOR    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


339 


Clasis. 


IN'ame. 


Schooner. 
Pungy.... 
Schooner.. 
Sloop 


Schooner.  ., 
Schooner..., 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 

Sloop 

Bchooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner..., 

Barkantine. 

Schooner. . . 

Schooner.. , 
Steamer.... 
British  sch., 


Sloop. 


Eng.  schn'r. 
Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 

Bark 

Ship 

Bark 

Schooner. . , 
Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner. . , 

Schooner... 
Schooner.., 

Sloop 

Schooner.., 
Steamer..., 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 
Schooner. . , 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . 

Sloop 

Boat 

Sloop , 

Schooner.., 
Steamer..., 
Steamer..., 
JSteamer..., 
Sloop, 


Ocean  "Wave.... 
Ocean  Wave.... 

Olive 

Osceola 

Olive  Branch... 

Ooilla 

O.  K 

Old  Korth  State. 

Octavia 

Orion 


Ouachita.. 
Orion 


Ocean  Eagle..., 
Odd  Fellow...., 


Oliver  S.  Breeze 

Oconee 

Ocean  Bird 


Oscax. 


O.K. 

Oramoneta.. 


Oregon. 


Pioneer 

Perthshire 

Pilgrim 

Petrel 

Prince  Leopold. 
Prince  Alfred.. . 
Prince  of  Wales. 

P.  A.  Sanders... 

Palma 

Pioneer 

President 

P.  C.  Wallis.... 

Poody 

Patras 

Providence 

Princeton 

Planter 

Post  Boy 

Pathfinder 

Pointer 

Prize 

Potter 

Pride 

Pearl 

Princess  Royal. 

Peterhoff 

Petee 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1861 
Sept.     9 
July   18 
Nov.   22 
Dec.      9 

1862, 
Jan.  21 
Jan.  10 
Feb. 
Mar.  14 
April  2 
July   24 

Oct.  14 
Dec.    — 

1863. 
Jan.    19 

April  15 

May  16 
Aug.  — 
Oct    23 

1864. 
May     1 

April  27 
April  18 

Aug.  24 

1861. 
May  25 
June  9 
June  7 
July  28 
Aug.  2-2 
Sept.  28 
Dec.    24 

1862. 
Mar.   14 

Feh.  20 
Mar.  16 
April  4 
May  17 
May  26 
May  29 
June  — 
May     7 

Mar.  14! 

Nov.  2' 
Oct.  31 
Deo.  20; 
1863.  j 
June  3 
June  21 
June  20 
June  29 
Fob.  2.) 
Mar.  10; 


Where  captured. 


Hatteras  inlet 

Potomac  river 

Mississippi  sound. . . 
••••    ))         •"• 

Coast  of  Florida. . . . 

Cedar  Keys 

.-..    J}         ........ 

Newbern 

Appalachicola 

Lat.  22°  N.,  long.  87" 

W. 
Coast  of  Carolina. . , 

New  Orleans 

Little  Pdver  inlet,  N. 
Carolina, 

Anclote  Key 

Near  Savannah 

Off  St.  Augustine  in- 
let. 

Lat.  26°  5'  N.,  long. 

83°  20'  W. 
Coast  of  Florida.. . . 
Off    St    Augustine, 

Florida. 
Bnoxi  hay 


By  ■what  vessel. 


Hampton  roads. 
Grulf  of  Mexico. 
Pass  a  I'Outre... 

Chiirleston , 

New  York. 

Hatteras  inlet. . , 
Georgetown .... 


Newbern. 


Kio  Grande 

Mississippi  river. 
Pass  Christiana. . 
Vermillion  bay., 
Charleston 


Tortugas  bimks. . . . , 
Pamunkey  river  . .  - 


!  Pawnee 
Resolute 
New  London,  &C. 
>j 

Kingfisher,  &c. 
Hatteras 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Rowan's  expedition 
Mercedita 
Q-oaker  City 

Memphis 
Calhoun 

Admiral   Farragut'a 

fleet 
Monticello 

Two  Sisters 

Norfolk  packet 


Fox,    tender    to   S. 

Jacinto 
Union 
Beauregard 

Narcissus 

Minnesota. 

Massachusetts. 

Brooklyn. 

St.  Lawrence. 

<  ollector  of  the  port 

Susquehanna 

Gem  of  the  Sea 


Rowan's  expedition 

Portsmouth 
Owasco 
Hatteras,  &c. 
Hatteras 
Bienville 

Susquehanna 

Currituck 

Vessels  in  sounds  of 

N.  Carolina 
Penobscot 
Reliance 
Octorara 


Potomac  river |  Currituck 

Frying  Pan  shoals. .  ■  ChocTira 

Tioga 

Charleston 'Unadilla,  &c. 

St.  Thomas ; Vandcrbilt 

1  Gem  of  the  Sea 


340 


VESSELS    CAPTURED   AND    DE8TE0TED 


Class. 


Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Steamer. . . . 
Steamer. . . . 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 
Schooner . . . 

Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 

Small  boat.. 

Steam.er.... 
Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Rebel  steam. 

Ram ....... 

Schooner . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Arm.ed  rebel 
schooner. . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Brig 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Sloop , 


Pacifiqne 

Pushmataha.. 

Planter 

Powerful 

Phantom 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1S63 
Mar.  2 


Where  captured. 


By  what  vessel. 


St.  Mark's i  Stars  and  Stripes 


June  13  Tortusjas 'Sunflower 


June  15 


Lat.  27°  IC.,  iona;.  86° 
AV. 


Dec.  20 'Suwannee  river. 


I*resto. 
Pet.... 


Per  sis 

Pevensey... 
Pocahontas. 


Prince  Albert. . , 

Pancha  Larispa, 

Peep  O'Day.... 

Petrel 

Pickwick 


Pet 

Phantom 

Philadelphia. . . . 
Patrick  Henry 

Qu'noftheWest 


Ring  Dove.... 
Richard  Lacey. 
Remittance.... 

Revere 

Reindeer 

Royal  Yacht... 


Rattler 

Rose 

Reindeer 

R.  C.  Piles... 

Rebecca 

Rowena 

Rioh'd  O.  Uryan 
Resolution. . . . 

Reindeer 

Reliance 

Rambler 

Eisin?  Sun... 


Revere , 

Robert  Bruce 
Reindeer 

jSiiXCQT  » •■■•••■« 


Rising  Dawn... 
Richards 


Sept. 

1864 
Feb. 

Peb. 

Mar. 
June 
July 

Oct. 
Oct. 


no  linear  Rich  inlet,  ^. 
Carolina 


Lackawanna 

(Fox,  tender  to  S.  Ja- 
j    ciato 

Connecticut 


Lehigh  and  others 


Sullivan's  island., 

TpjOif  Lockwood's  Fol-!T.,r„„» „„..„ 

^     ly  inlet iMontgomery 

Ofi'  Wassaw    sound,  [Massachusetts 
Ga I     others 


12 


and 


29 


Off  Charleston,  S.  C. 

27  Off  Velasoo,  Texas.. 
Near  ludiaii   river, 

Fla 

Dec.    15|New  inlot,  Iv.  C 

Dec.     6 1  Coast  of  Florida.. . . 
1865.    j 

Feb.      7 1  Galveston  bay 

Mar.    3 ;  Suwannee  riviT 

Jan.   —  Sounds  oils.  Car 
April  — 

1863. 
April  — 

1861. 
July   16 


Richmond,  Va. 
Red  river.  Ark. 


Aug.  28 
Sept.  10 


Nov.     7 

1862. 
Jan.    10 
April    2 
April  20 


Eastern  Shore,  Md. 
Potomac  river 


Beaufort,  N.  C. 


Galveston. 


Cedar  Keys..., 
Appalaohicola . , 
Potomac  river., 

Mobile , 

Charleston 

Stono  inlet..... 
Coast  of  Texas., 
Pass  Christian.. 
Coast  of  Texas.. 


^  W.!!?;.'.'.°."f : ''°  Connecticut 


May  29 
June  6 
June  4 
April  4 
July  9 
July   21 

Sept.    9 

Sept. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
1863. 

Jan.    lOj 

Fob.      liBocos  Grande 


Newborn 

AzaUa  and  Sweet 
Brier 

S.  Atlantic  Blockad- 
ing squadron 

Sciota 

Pursuit 


Sunflower 

Boat  expedition 
Honeysuckle 


Estrella,  &c. 

Potomac  flotilla 
Thomas  Freeborn 
Yankee 
Cambridge 
Dart 

Expedition        from 
Santee 

Hatteras 
Mercedita,  &c. 
Potomac  flotilla 
Kanawha 
Bienville 

P.iwnee  and  others 
Rhode  Island 
Hatteras 
Ai-thur 
Hunts  ville 


5 
11  Cape  Fear  river. 
22, Shallot  inlet,  N.  C 

n! 

SOjNew  inlet,  N.  C 


"Wyandank 

Monticello,  &c. 

Penobscot 

W.  G.  Anderson 

Daylight 

bctorara 
Two  Sisters 


FOE   VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


341 


ClasB. 


Schooner. , 
Steamer... 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner . . 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 

Ram 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Scliooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Steamer. . . 

British  sch. 
Mexican  sch 


Name. 


Rowena 

Rose  Hamilton, 
Relanpago , 

Rosalie 


Banger , 

Rising  DaviTi.., 
Royal  Yacht. . . . 

liip^Ie 

Rapzd 

R.  J.  Lockland. 

Republic , 

Richard  Vaux. , 
Rebekah , 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1863 


Feh.  1-2 
Mar.     4 

Mar.    16 

Mar.  25 

April  15 
M;iy  18 
April  24 
May    24 


"Where  captured. 


Relerapago... 

Revenge 

iRenshuw 

ilUchnrd 

i  Robert  Knowies 
iR.  E.  Leo,  for- 
merly Gu-affe. 

Ring  Dove... 

Raton  del  Kilo . 


June  20 
June  18 


Carson's  landing. . . . 
Ohailotteharbor,Fla 
Lat.  26°  N.,  long.  76° 

W 

Crystal  river 

New  inlet 

Galveston 

Mobile , 

Gulf  of  Mexico... 


By  what  vessel. 


Yazoo  City 

'Potomac  river 

Lat.  27°N.,  loi,g.  83= 

W 

Lat.  25°  N.,  long.  82' 

"W 

Calcasieu 

Washington,  N.  C. 
Charlotte  harbor. . . 


Steamer... 
Schooner., 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer... 
British  sch. 

British  st'r 

Sloop 

Sloop , 

Steamer..., 
Schooner... 

Iron-clad, 

rebel. 
Iron-clad, 

rebel. 
Brig 


Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Bark 

Schooner. 

Bark 

Schooner. 


Rosita. . . , 
Roebuck. 


Ranger. 


Racer 

Rebel 

Rosina 

Resolute 

Rose , 

K.  S.  Hood. 


Rouen. 


Racer ... 

Reliance. 


Ruby 

Rob  Roy  , 


Richmond. 


Roanoke 

R.  H.  Vermilyea 


Soledad  Cos 

Sarah  and  ilary 
Star 

.'■'avaininh 

SiiUie  .M;i{;eo 

Sally  Mcars.... 


July  14 

Jtdy  21 

July  — 

Aug.  31 

Sept.  loi 

Nov.  9iOti'  Wilmington. 


New  Era 
Conestoga,  &c. 
J.  S.  Chambers 

Octorara 

Fort  Henry,  &c. 

Mount  Vernon,  &c. 

W.  G.  Anderson 

Kanawha 

De  Soto 

Yazoo  Pass  exped'n, 

>, 
Primrose 

jj.  S.  Chambers 

Jasmine 

Owasco 
Louisiana 
Gem  of  the  Sea 
Coeur  de  Leon 
James  Adger 


Dec.  17 
Dec.     3- 

1864.  I 
Jan.  28 
Jan.      7 

Jan.   11 

Jan.  31 
Feb.  29 
April  13  i 
May  12 
June  2; 
June    9 

July     2 

Aug.  2 
Nov.     9 

1865. 
Feb.    27 
Mar.     2 

April  — 

April  — 

Mar.  12 

1861. 
Sept.  11 


Off  Indian  river,  Fla  Roebuck 
East  of  Padre  island,  New  London 

Texas.  I 


Gulf 

Lat.  26°  23' N.;  long. 

83°  59  ■  W. 
Nenr        Lockwood's 

Folly  inlet. 
Off  Cape  Canaveral. 

Indian  river 

San  Luis  Pass 

Cape  Canaveral 

Off'  Georgeto'wn .... 
L:it.  ~'8°  '2'  N.  ;  long. 

77°  W. 
Lat.  32°  50'  N. ;  long. 

75°  40'  W. 

Off  Bull's  Bay 

Mobjack  bay,  Va 


"Western  Metropolia 
San  Jacinto 

Minnesota  and  oth* 

I     ers 

Beauregard 

Roebuck 

Virginia 

]?eauregard 

Wamsutta 

:  Proteus 

Keystone  state 

'  Hope 
.Stepping  Stoaes 


At  sea 

Steinhatehie 

Fla. 
Richmond,  Va, 


river, 


Proteus 
Fox 


Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  96°  Quaker  City 
W. 


South  Carolina 


Galveston 

May     l;Hamptou  roads 'Cumberland 

May    17'....     ,,         [Minnesota 

June     3  Charleston Perry 

June  26  Hampton  roads Quaker  City 

July     1;....     „         .Minnesota 


342 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND   DESTEOTED 


Glass. 


Schooner., 
Schooner., 

Bark 

Schooner. 
Schooner., 
Schooner., 
Schooner. 

Steamer. . , 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. , 
Schooner. 
Steamer.., 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Schooner. . 
Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 


Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Steamer. . 

Bark 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 


Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner.. 

Bark 

Schooner. 


Name. 


Sam  Houston.. 

Sliark 

Solferino 

Sarah  Starr.... 
Susan  Jane...; 

San  Juan 

Specie 


Salvor 

Somerset 

S.  T.  Garrison 
Sarah  &  Carol'e 


Stephen  Hart. . 


Stag 

Star 

Sea  Bird... 
Spitfire.... 
Sarah    A. 


Fal- 


Lat.  24°  N.,  long.  82°  Supply 

w.  ! 

Jan.    10  Cedar  keys 

Feb.  8| Bayou  liafourche.  • . 

Feb.    — ;  Roanoke  islan  d 

Mar.  — I  "West  coast  of  Fla. . . 

Mar.    14  Kewbern 


coner. 
Sarah  Ann... 
Sidney  C.  Jones 

Sea  Foam 

Southern  Inde- 
pendence. 

Sarah 

Stettin 


Swan. 


Schooner. 
Schooner. 


Sarah 

Sovereign 

Sumter 

Sereta 

Sarah 

Saruh 

Susan  Ann  How- 
ard. 

Scuppernong... 

Sabine 

S.  0.  Jones 

Southerner 

Sunbeam 

Swan „.. 

Scotia 

Sophia 

S.  W.  Green  . . . 

Southern  Mer- 
chant. 


St.  Charles. 


Sallie  Robinson. 
Silas  Henry.... 

Stonewall 

Springbok 


Sue 

Surprise. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1861 
July  7 
July  4 
June  26 
Aug.  3 
Sept.  10 
Sept.  28 
Oct.    12 

Oct.    13 
June    8 


Where  captured. 


Galveston. 


Rattlesnake  shoals. 

"Wilmington 

Hatteras  inlet 


By  what  vesseL 


Dec.    11 

1862. 
Jan.    29 


Lat.  31°N.,long.80' 
"W. 

Tortugas 

Mar\land 


St.  John's  river. 


South  Carolina 

Vandalia,  &c. 

"Wabash 

Pawnee 

Susquehanna 

Dale 

:  Keystone  State 
Eesolute 
Louisiana 
[Bienville 


April  — 


Hatteras 
I)e  Soto 

Rowan's  expedition 
Ethan  Allen 
Rowan's  expedition 


Potomac  river Potomac  flotilla 


April  lOIOff  Mobile. 


May     iIBuU's  bay.. 
May   24  Charleston. 


May 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
Mar. 

June 

April 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 


Lat.  23°  N.,  long.  82° 
W. 
15! Coast  of  Cuba.... 
SjMemphis 

14  Shallow  inlet' nVc. 

20!Charleston 

3 1  Ber-wick  bay 

14|  Newbern 


9  Indian  Town,  N.  C. 

19 

Ill 

22  Cone  river 

28  New  inlet,  N.  C... 

— { Coast  of  Texas 

241Bull'sbay 

4  Masonborough  inJct 


1863. 
Jan.    19 


Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


Mar.  30 
Mar.  13 


Point  Rosa,  Florida. 
Lat.  25°  N.,  long.  73° 

W. 
Little  River  inlet. . . 
Lat.  26°  N.,  long.  83° 

"W. 


.Kanawha 

Onward 
Bienville 

Bainbridge,  &C. 

Sea  Foam 
"W'estem  flotilla 

Penobscot 

Keystone  State,  &c. 

Hdtteras 

"Vessels  in  sounds  of 

N.  Carolina 
General  Putnam 


"Wyandank 

State  of  Georgia,  &o, 

Arthur 

Restless 

Daylight,  &c. 

T.  A.  Waid 

Diana 


Admiral   Farragut'n 
fleet 

)» 
Tahoma 
Julia,  &c. 
Sonoma 

Monticello 
Huntsville 


FOR  VIOLATION   OF  THE  BLOCKADE. 


343 


Class. 


Steamer. . . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.. .. 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.. . . 

Sloop 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer. . . . 
British  bark 
British  sch.. 
Bark 


British  sch 

Enc:.  sch'ner 

Schooner... 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 

Schooner.. 

Steamer... 


Name. 


St.  John's 

St.  George 

Samuel  First. . . 
Sarah  Lavinia. 
Sea  Bird 


Sea  Lion 

Secesh 

Scotland 

Star  of  the  West 

Star 

Sea  Drift 

Statesman 

Sarah. 

Southern  Star. . 
Southern  Rights 

Shot 

Sir  William  Peel 
St.  Mary's. . . . 
Spaulding.... 


Scottish  Chief.. 

Saxon , 

Sallie 

Science 


SUvanus... 

Susan. 

Swift 

St.  Mary's. 
Spunky.... 
Stingray... 
Scotia 


Schooner...  Sophia.... 
Schooner. . .  i Sylphide  , 

Sloop I  Swallow.. 

Schooner. . . .  j  Spunky. . . 
Steamer.. . .  jSiren. .. . . 


Sloop iSarah  Mary... 

Steamer....  Selma. 


Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner 

Schooner. . . 

Brig 

Rebel  stm'r 
Rebel  stm'r 

Schooner.... 

Schooner 

Schooner.... 


Sea  Witch. 


SybiL.... 
Susanna. 
Sorts 


Stag 

Syren. 

Salvador. 

Sort 

Sar.  M.  N^ewhall 

Shrapnell 

Spray. 


Theresa  C 

Tropic  Wind.. 
Tros  Freres... 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where  captured. 


1861 
April  18' Cape  Remain  inlet. 


April  22 
May  6 
May  8 
May  13 


May 
May 

May 


May  30 
June  22 
June  6 
May  28 
Aug.  6 
Aug.     8 

Aug.  — 


Fort  Fisher,  N.  C 
Potomac  river. . . 
Curritoman  river 
Lat.  29°  N.,  long.  87° 

W. 
Motile .... 
Charleston 


Brazos  Santiago. . . 
Matagorda  island. 
Tampa,  Florida.. 
Great  Wicomico.. 
St.  Martin's  reef. . 
Gilbert's  bar 


Oct.  8 

Oct.  16 

Oct  30 

Dec.  20 

Nov.  5 

1864. 

Jan.  2 

Jan.  11 

Feb.  9 


Off  Rio  Grande 

Yazoo  City 

Lat.    31°     N.,  long. 
80°  W. 

Tampa  bay 

Coast  of  Africa 

Off  Wilmington.... 
Off  Rio  Grande 


Feb.  29 
Mar.     1 

Mar.  3 
Mar.  9 
Mar.  20 
April  7 
June    5 

June  26 
Aug.     5 

Dec.    31 

Nov.  21 
Nov.  27 
Dec.    10 

1865 
Jan.  19 
Feb.  18 
Feb.  25 
Feb.    28 

April  — 


Doboy  sound,  Ga.. . 

Off  Jupiter  inlet. . . . 

Wassaw  sound.,... 

St.  John's  river 

Fort  Caswell,  N.  C. 

OffVelaseo.  Texas.. 

Lat.  82°  34'  W.,  long. 
77°  18'  W. 

Altamaha  sound,  Ga. 

Off  Coast  of  Texas. 

Off  Elbow  Light.... 

Off  Cape  Canaveral. 

South  of  Cape  Look- 
out. 

Mosquito  inlet , 

Mobile  bay , 


1861. 
May     4 
May    20 
June  23 


By  what  vessel. 


Lat.  27°  N.,  long.  93' 
W. 


Stettin 

Mount  Vernon,  &c. 

Dragon 

Primrose 

De  Soto 

Aroostook,  &c. 
Canandaigua 
Yazoo  Pass  ezped'n 

)) 
Brooklyn 
Itasca. 
Tahoma 
Satellite 
Fort  Henry 
Sagamore 

I! 

Seminole 

Mississippi  squadr'n 
Union 

Tahoma  and  Adela 
Vanderbilt 
Connecticut 
Owasco  &  Virginia 

Huron 

Roebuck 

Patapsoo 

Norwich  and  others 

Penobscot 
Connecticut 

Dan  Smith  &  others 

Virginia 

Tioga 

Beauregard 

JKeystone  State 

Norfolk  packet 
iW.  Gulf  blockadiog 
I  •   squadron 
Metacomet 

I  Iosco 
Metacomet 
0.  H.  Lee 


Off  Campeachy  b'ks 
Anclote  keys 


Cape  Fear  river....! Malvern  &  others 

Charleston,  S.  C 'Gladiolus  &  others 

At  sea Marigold 

Cedar  keys,  Fla Honeysuckle 

S.  A.  squadron., 


Richmond,  Va. 


Hampton  roads Cumberland 

,,        Minnesota 

Mississippi  sound...! Massachusetts 


344 


VESSELS    CAPTDEED    AND   DESTEOYED 


ClasB. 


Schooner. . 
Bohooner. . , 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Ship 

Sloop 

Span,  bark., 
Schooner..., 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner..., 
Tug 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . 
Schooner..., 

Schooner. . , 


Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 


Steamer. . . . 
Steamer.... 
Span.  bark. 


Name. 


Tom  Hicks.... 
T.  J.  Chambers 

Teaser 

T.  J.  Evans.... 
Thomas  Watson 
T.  W.  Kiley... 


Tercsita 

Theo.  Stoney.. 
Tubal  Cain . . . . 


July  5 
Sept.  1 
Oct.  15 
Nov.     6 

1862. 
Jan.    30 
Feb.    14 
July   24 


Telegraph 

Teaser 

Troy 

Thomas  Reilly. 
Two  Sisters.... 
Theresa , 


Trier 

Tobacco,  4  boxes 


Tennessee.. 

Time 

Theresa... 


Tampico 

Three  Brothers. 
Turpentme,     11 
barrels. 

Tom  Sug-g 

Three  Brothers. 
Teresita 


Steamer. . . . 
Eng.  Bch^ner 
Rebel  ram.. 


Schooner... 

Sloop 

Eebel  ram . 


Steamer. . . 

Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Steamer. . . 


1863. 
Jan.    10 

Jan.  23 
Mar.  16 

Mar.     3 

Aug.  17 
July    24 

July  — 
Oct.  21 
Nov. 

1864. 
Feb.    2.') 
April  11 
May    15 

June     4 

July    10 

Aug. 

1865. 
Triumph Jan. 

Telemico 'Mar.   16 


British  sloop  [Two  Brothers. . . 
Schooner...! Three  Brothers. 
Steamer. . . .  Tristr'm  Shandy 


Thistle. 


Terrapin. . 


Tennessee. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1861 
July     9 


July  4 
Aug.  13 
Oct.  — 
Sept.  21 
Sept.     4 

Oct.     28 


Where  captured. 


G.ilveston. 


Potomac  river 

Chesapeake  bay 

Charleston 

Rappahannock  river 


By  -what  vessel. 


Yucatan  bank 

Bull's  bay 

Lat.  31°  N.,  long.  78' 
W. 


James  river 

Sabine  Pass 

Quantico  Creek 

liio  Grnnde 

Lat.  28°  N.,  long.  93° 
W. 


Mobjack  bay. 


New  Orleans,  La. . . 


South  Carolina 

j> 
Dana 

)) 
Roanoke,  &c. 
Cambridge 

Kingfisher 

Restless 

Octorara 


Maratanza 

Kensington 

Freeborn 

Albatross 

"W.  G.  Anderson 

Sagamore 
Crusader 


Admiral    Farragut's 

fleet 
Cambridge 
83°  iH.  Hudson 


Texas. 


Mar.  — 
Mar.   — 


Torpedo.... 

Transport I 

j    1861. 

Union jJune    5 

1862. 

Uncle  Mose I  July     7 

Union lAug.   2J 


New  inlet 

Lat.  27°  N.,  Ion 
W.  I 

Sabine  Pass I  Cayuga,  &c. 

Great  "Wicomico...  .:Sateliit# 
Cape  Canaveral ....' Sagamore 

Tensas  river JMississippi  squadr'n 

Potomac  river iCuiiituck  &  Fuchsia 

Near  Rio  Grande... | Granite  City 

I 

Off  Indian  river. . . .  Roebuck 
Homasassa  river ....  Nita 
Lat.  34°  6'  N.,  long.  Kansas 

77°  27'  "W.  1 

Lat.  32°  38' N.,  long., Fort  Jackson 

75°  55'  W.  I 

Ofl'  ludianriv.  inlet.  Roebuck 

Mobile  bay \W.  Gulf  blockading 

I    squadron 

Perquimon's    river, '  Wyalusing 


N.  Carolina. 
Lat.  25°  N. ;  long. 

"W. 
Richmond,  Va... 


Richmond,  Va.. 
Charleston,  S.  C. 


Coast  of  Yucatan. . . 
Lat.  23°  N.;  long.  85'^ 
W. 


Quaker  City 

Part  of    N. 
squadron 


A.    B 


Harriet  Lane 

Tahoma 

J.  S.  Chambers 


FOE    VIOLATION   OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


345 


ClaBS. 


Steamer. 


Schooner. 
Schooner. , 
Schooner. , 

Schooner. . 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner., 
Schooner. 


Sloop 

Schooner. . 

Steamer... 
Scnooner. ., 

Steamer 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . , 

Steamer..., 

Brig 

British  sen 

Steamer.... 


Steamer.... 


Behel    iron- 
clad 

Schooner.... 
Schooner... 

Bark. 

Yacht 

Schooner.. . 

Schooner.... 
Sloop 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner.. . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 
SchooDfir.... 


Name. 


Union. 


Venus. . 
Velasco 
Venus.. 


Victoria. 

Victoria. 
Venus... 
Volante. 
Victoria. 


Venture. 

Velocity. 

Virginia. 
Vesta. . . . 
Victoria. 
Victoria. 
Victory. . 


Venus. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1863, 
May    19 

1861. 
July     4 
July   18 
Dec.    26 

Dec.     3 

1862. 
April  10 
May    15  i 
July     2 
July  12 

June  19 

Sept.  30 

1863. 


Where  captured. 


By  what  vesseL 


Lilt.  27°  N.;  long,  85< 


Galveston 

Coast  of  N.  Carolina 
Lat.28°N.;long.  93° 

"W. 
Point  Isabel 


Jan. 
Peh.  28 
May  28 
May  30 
June  21 


Mobile 

Lake  Pon  char  train. 
Georgetown,  S.  C. . . 
Lat.26°jSr.;  long.  76° 

W. 
Mobile  bay 


Volante  . 
Volante. 


Vesta  . . . 
Vixen... 

Virginia. 


"William  &  John 
William  Henry. 

Winifred 

Wanderer 

William  H.  Nor- 
throp. 

Wyfe  or  Nye. . . . 
William  H.  Mid- 
dleton. 

Wave 

Wandoo 

William  Mallory 

iWave 

W.  C.  Bee 

Winter  Shrub. . . 

Whlteman 

Will  o'  the  Wisp 
Water  Witch. . . 

Wave 

Wilson 

William 


Oct.    21 

Nov.     5 

1864. 
Jan.    12 


Dec.     1 

1865. 
Mar.  — 

1861. 
May  15 


Mugue's  island 

Piney  Point , 

Havana 

Point  Isabel , 

Lat.  25°  N.;  long.  75' 

W. 
New  inlet,  N.  C... 


Off  Rio  Grande 

Off  Cape  Canaveral. 

Between  Tubb's  riv- 
er and  Little  inlet, 
N.  Carolina. 

Lat.  32°  N.;  long.  78° 
W. 


Richmond,  Va. 


Hampton  road?. 


Huntsville 


South  Carolina 

Albatross 
Rhode  Island 

s 
Santiago  de  Cuba 

Kanawha 

Calhoun 

Gem  of  the  Sea,  &c. 

Mercedita 

Morning  Light 
Crocker's  expeditioa 

Wachusett 
Wyandank 
Juniata 
Brooklyn 
Santiago  de  Cuba 


Nansemond 

Owasco  &  Virginia 
Beaiu-egard 


Rhode  Island 


May   25  Cape  Henry. 

May    14JKey  We:rt... 
Dec.   25  Cape  Fear. . . 


1862. 
Jan.    10| Cedar  keys. 


Feb.     liBoca  Chico 

Feb.    14  Bull's  bay 

May     5  St.  Andrew's  bay . . , 

I  April  19  Georgetown 

April  23! 

'May   21;  Keel's  creek,  N.  C  . . 
May     6|Ijake  Pontchartrain, 

June    SLUo  Grande 

May      5i 

June  27  Mississippi  sound... 

July     9 1  Hamilton,  N.  C 

July     1  i  Sabine  lak  e,  La 


Minnesota 

1 

j  Quaker  City 

Crusader 

!  Femandin* 


■Hatteras 


Portsmouth 

Restless 

Water  Witch 

G.  W.  Blunt 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

Hunchback,  &c 

Calhoun. 

Montgomery 

Currituck,  &e 

Bohio. 

Com'dore  Perry,  Sco, 

De  Soto 


346 


VESSELS   CAPTURED   AND   DESTEOTED 


Class. 

Name. 

When 
cap- 
tured. 

Where  captured. 

By  what  Tessel. 

"West  Florida... 

1862. 

Kensington,  &o. 

Arthur 

E.  B.  Hale 

Schooner.... 
Sehoonpr  . . 

Water  Witch... 
AVave 

Sept.  27 
Nov.     4 
Aug.  24 
Nov.  20 

1863. 
Jan.    24 

Corpus  Christi 

Arizona  Pass 

Schooner.... 
Sloop 

Water  Witch. . . 
Wm.  E.  Chester 

Wm.n.Harrison 
Wm.  A.  Knapp. 
White  Cloud... 

Corj^heus 
Montgomery 

Steamer  . 

New  Era 

Steamer..., 

Wave  Queen. . . . 

Wanderer 

W.Y.  Leitch... 

Wonder 

Wm.  Bagley.... 
Wave 

Feb.    25 
May     2 
April  20 

May   13 
July    18 
Aug.  22 

Oct.    28 
Aug.   16 

1864. 
Jan.    13 

Jan.    22 
Feb.      1 
Feb.    V> 
Mar.   21 
Oct.    21 

Sept.  27 

1865. 
Feb.     9 
Jan.    21 

1861. 
April  24 
Aug.   — 

1864. 
Jan.    14 
May     6 

June  10 

1861. 
Nov.  21 
Oct.      1 

North  Santee 

Conemaugb 

Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Steamer .... 

liat.  2G°  N.;  long.  76° 

W. 
Port  Royal,  S.  C... 

Octorara 

Wabash,  &c. 
De  Soto.  &c. 

Lat.  26°  N.;  long.  96° 
W. 

Cayuga 
Mercedita 

British  sch . 

William 

Warrior 

William 

Wm.  A.  Kain... 
WUdPayrell... 
Wm.  Douglass.. 

Wild  Pigeon 

Wando 

Steamer 

British  sch. 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Lat.  26°  N.;  long.  86° 
W. 

Off  Suwannee  river. 

St.  Andrew's  bav. . . 
Stump  inlet,  N.  C... 

San  Luis  Pass 

Florida  coast 

Lat.  33°  5'  N.  ;  long. 

76°  40'  W. 
Lat.  28°  46'  N.;  long. 

90°  53'  W. 

Off  Galveston,  Texas 
Mississippi  Squadr'n 

Hampton  Roads. . . . 
Cape  Hatteras 

Near  Jupiter's  inlet. 
Lat.  32°  10'  N.;  long. 
78°  49'  W. 

Entrance   to    Pearl 
river,  Miss. 

Off  Tampioo  bay. . . . 
Vermillion  bay 

Gertrude 

Two  Sisters,  tender 

to  San  Jacinto 
Restless 
Norwich,  &c. 
Virginia 
Hendrick  Hudson 

Schooner.... 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Tug 

Rebel  priv'r 
schooner. 

British  slo'p 
Steamer 

Sloop 

Watchful 

Will  o'  the  Wisp 
Winona 

Young  Am.erica. 
York 

Arkansas 

Cumberland 
Union 

Young  Racer. . . 
Young  Republic 

Yankee  Doodle. 
Zeland 

Roebuck 
Grand  Gulf 

Elk 

Rchooner. . . 

Zulima 

^N^c^w  Iiondon 

Steamer. ... 

Zouave.... ..... 

Mississippi  squadr'B 
Adolph  Hugel 

Sloop 

Zion 

1864. 
Not.    2 

FOB  VIOLATION  OF  THE  BLOCKADE. 


347 


MISCELLANEOUS  CAPTURES. 


Description. 


Schooner., 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. 


1861 

Dec.  11 

May  28 

Oct.  5 

Oct.  11 

Aug.  16 

Nov.  15 


Where  captured. 


By  what  vessel. 


Bark 

Schooner 

Sail-hoat 

Ijaunch 

Ferry  scow 

1  iron  windlass 

5  barrels  of  lard,  &c. 

Schooner 

Schooner 

New  gunboat 

Schooner 


Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

2  fishing  schooners. 
9  fishing  sloops  .... 

Schooner 

Schooner 


Sloop 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Schooner 

Bark 

Schooner,  (supposed 

to  be  Monticello.) 

Long  gig 

Launch 

Schooner 

1,200    bars    railroad 

iron. 

Steamer 

Stoamer 


Ofi'  St  John's  river,  Fla.. 

Potomac  river 

Chincoteague  inlet 

Quantico  creek 

Potomac  river 

St.  Lone  bar 

Pass  Cavallo 


Bienville 

Eesolute 

Louisiana 

Union 

Yankee 

Sam  Houston 

Arthur 


Dec.    15 1  St.  Andrew's Bienville 

1862. 

Jan.  24! Mercedita,  &o. 

Jan.  23  iMobile  bar Huntsville 

Jan.    lOj Hatteras 


Mar.  14 (Roanoke,  N.  C  , 


Feb.  10 

Jan.  22 
Feb. 

Feb.  12 


Mar. 


April  — 


April  12 
April  26 
May     8 


April  24 
June    6 


Mar. 
June  17 
June  — 

May  • 
May     4 
July  — 


Mar.  21 


Elizabeth  City. 


Edenton,  N.  C. 


Isle  au  Pied. 


Femandina 

Sullivan's  island. 


Rappahannock  river. 


Coast  of  South  Carolina. 

Bull's  bay 

Light-house  inlet 


Cedar  keys. 
Memphis... 


Near  Sabine  river 

Table  land  of  Mariel . 
Fort  Morgan 


West  Point,  Virginia. . 

Coppohosal 

Coast  of  Texas 

St.  Simon's  sound,  Ga. 

Newbem,  N.  C 


Naval  expedition 

Commodore  Perry 

Ariel. 

Rowan's  expedition 

Louisiana,  &c. 


Lieut  Jeffer's  expedition 
New  London 


S.  Atlantic   Blockading 

Squadron 
Jacob  Bell,  &o. 


Hatteras 
Huron 

Alabama 
Santiago  de  Cuba 
Tahoma 


Santiago       Cnba 

Amanda 

Kanawha 

Corwin,  &c. 

)) 
Rhode  Island 
Naval  expedition 


Delaware 


348 


VESSELS    CAPTURED    AND   DESTEOYED 


Description. 


Sloop 

Scliooiier 

Sloop 

Slooi' 

A  wliarfboat 

Schii'i'.icr 

A  n  old  Inimch 

Three  boats 

One  sevcii-oared  boat 
Metalio  life-boat.... 

Two  canoes 

Three  boats 

One  seine  boat 

Schooner 

Brig- 

Schooner 

Bark 

Pilot  schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

"Vesisel  on  stocks.. . . 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Scows  a:idboats 

Two  sloops 

Schooner 

Flat-bottomed  boat. 

Launch 

Two  sloops 

Sloop 

Nine  boats 

I'ifteeii  boats 

Five  boats 

Sloop 

Eight  boats 

Scow 

Lighter 

Boat 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Bark 

Bark 

Scow 

Sloop 

Kebel  vessel,  (bidg.) 
Rebel  vessel,  (bldg.) 
Kebel  vessel,  (bldg.) 
llcbel  vessel,  (bldg.) 
Kebei  vessel,  (bldg.) 

Canoe 

Sloop 

Four      clinker-built 

boats. 
Two  small  boats.... 

Two  caiioes 

Kine  canoes 

Tkree  boats i 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


1862 
Aug.  11 
Aug.  12 

July  10 
July  29 
Sept.  26 
Oct.  1 
Oct.  3-5 
Oct.  9 
Oct.  17 
Oct.  24 
Nov.  1 
Nov.  16 
Nov.    17 

Nov.  19 
Nov.  4 
Oct.  21 
Nov.   25 


Nov. 


Nov.  3 
Nov.  30 
Nov.  26 
Dec.  5 
Dec.    19 


Dec.    20 


Dec.    — , 
Dec.    20 ' 

18C3. 
Jan.     8 


"WTiere  captured. 


Potomac  river. . 
Sturgeon  creek. 


Eunice 

New  inlet,  N.  C. 
(iuantico  creek.. 


Potomac  river. 


Masonborough  inlet. 


Shallow  inlet 

Masonborough  inlet. 

Nassau  river 

North  river 


East  river. 


New  iiilc-t... 
Floro  creek  , 
Bell  river.. 


York  river. 


Indian  river,  Fla. 


White  House. 


Jan.    1 8  Newport  News,  Va 

Jan.    19  Capture  of  New  Orleans. 


>)  '  T '     '*  

,,  1....     ,,           ....... 

Jan.  13  Dividing  creek,  Va. 

Jan.  20  Cliuckatuck  creek.. 

Jan.    23  ....     „  


By  what  vesseL 


Arthur 
Pittsburg 
State  of  Qeorgis- 
Eureka. 
T.  A.  "Ward 

Jacob  BeU 

Matthew  Tassax 

Freeborn 

T.  A.  Ward 

Cambridge 

Daylight 

Cbocura 

E.  B.  Hale 

General  Putnam,  &c. 


Crusader 

Mt.  Vernon,  &a 

Dan  Smith 

Calhoun 

Sagamore 

Mahaska,  &c. 


Diana 
Ootorara 

Mahaska 


Minnesota,  &c. 
Admiral  Farragut's  fleet 


Currituck 
Commodore  Morria 


Jan.   20  Indian  creek Currituck 

Jan.    25  Tabb's  creek |  „ 

Jan.  24-  I'otomac  river ; George  Mangham 

25.       '  1 


FOE    VIOLATION  OF   THE   BLOCKADE. 


349 


Description. 


Schooner. 
Vessel. . . . 


Sloop 

Two  boats 

Schooner 

Canoe 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Brig. 

Sloop 

Wharf  boat 

Sloop 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Six  vessels,  &c.... 
Steamer  "  35th  Par- 
allel" 

Schooner 

Two  transports 

Monster  ram 

Horses  and  "Wagons. 

Fishing  scow 

Schooner 

Flat-boat 

Sloop  boat 

Scow  boat 

Skiff  and  flat 

Barge 

Flat 

Sloop  boat 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Canoe 

Flat-boat 

Lot  of  Merchandise. 
Dry-goods  and  shoes 
Four  canoes 


4  schooners 

11  bbs.  of  turpentine 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner  and  launch 

Eow-boat 

3  rolls  bagging.... 

Scow 

Scow 

Sloop 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Steamer 


VSTiere  captured. 


By  what  vesseL 


1863 

Jan.  21  Topsail  inlet Daylight 

Feb.    12 George  Mangham 


Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 


20 Oommodore  Morris 

9 Dan  Smith 

2  Topsail  inlet Mt.  Vernon 

13 CoBur  de  Leon 

2  Mosquito  inlet Sagamore 

24 Boat  expedition 


April  19  Charleston. 


April  10  Sabine  Pass IS'ew  London 

April    8  "Warrenton Hartford 

April  24  "Wassaw  sound,  Ga '  Cimmaron 

May     2  Eich  inlet Perry. 

May   14  TTrbana,  Va Currituck,  &c. 

May    20  Charleston ' 

May  1-8 "Western  "World,  &c. 

Yazoo  Pass  expedition 


May  10 
Mav  — 
May    20 


Morrell's  inlet. 
Yazoo  City.... 


May   30 

June  24 
June  9 
June  1 
June  10 
June  2 
May  14 
May  30 
July  — 
July 
July 


Mantau  river,  Fla 

"Withlacoochee  river,  Fla 


"Withlacoochee  river,  Fla 

Crystal  river,  Fla 

Wacassassa  bay 


July   13 


July  n 
July  20- 

21. 
July  8-9 
July   24 
July     - 
July     9 

June  22 
July    14 


June  24 
July  19 
July  8 
Sept.  28 
June  30 
Oct.     — 

Oct.'      7 

Dec.   31, 


"White  House 

Cumberland 

Charlotte  harbor,  Fla. 
Rappahannock  river. 


Charles  county,  Md. 
Dividing  creek,  Va.. 


Coast  of  Texas . 


Coast  of  Texas  , 


Neuse  river. 


Old  Haven  creek. 


Coast  of  Louisiana. 
....     ,,  ....... 

Off  Sabine  Pass 

....    ,,  ....... 

Matagorda  bay 


Conemaugh,  &c. 
Yazoo  Pass  expedition 
Naval  expedition 
Mississippi  squadron 
Brooklyn 

>> 
Tahoma 

Fort  Henry 


Shokokon 
Commodore  HotriB 
Restless 
Yankee,  &c. 


Cfflur  de  Leon 
Currituck 

Sciota 
De  Soto 
Sciota 


Boat  expedition 
Annie 

Tahoma 
Fort  Henry 
Restless 
Currituck 

Cayuga 


Granite  City,  Sx, 


350 


VESSELS   CAPTURED  AND  DESTEOTED 


Description. 


Sloop  boat. 


Scliooner 

Twelve  oyster  boats, 

Boat 

Sloop.- 

Skitf 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Two  canoes 

Schooner 

Twenty -two  boats.. 
Twenty-six       small 
boats. 

Large  barge 

Seven  boats  (bidg.) 
Three  boats 


Steamer 

Sail-boat , 

Twenty-two  boats. 

Nine  boats 

Bosin 

Turpentine 

Sugar 

Kailroad  iron 

Sugar 

Bacon 

Horses 

Wheat 

Tobacco 

Schooner 

Four  scows , 

Rifles— 9 , 

Kifles,  &c 

Schooner 

Sloop  boat 

Sloop 


Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 


Boat 

Steamer 

Cargo  of  sloop,  name 

unknown. 
Eebel  torpedo  boat 
S  rebel  torpedo  boats 

One  lighter 

Iron,  cables,  anch'rs, 

&c. 

Flat-boat 

Machinery,  &c.... 


"When 
cap- 
tured. 


1863 
Dec.  14 

1864. 
Jan.  1 
Feb.  1 
Feb.   13 


Mar.  11 
Feb.  8 
Feb.  23 
Mar.  28 
April  18 
May  15 


July     4 


Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 

Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar 
Mar. 


April  18 


July 
June 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Nov. 
Oct. 

11 
Nov. 


Where  captured. 


Indian  river,  Fla. 


Morrell's  inlet,  S.  0. 
York  river 


Lat.  24°  N.  ;  long.  83°  W, 

Caney  creek,  Texas 

Kunning  from  Va.  to  Md. 

Matagorda  bay 

Up  the  Rappahannock.. . 
Turkey  creek 


Lat.  27°  41'  N.  ; 

54'  W. 
Off  Charleston. 
Potomac  river. . 


long.  78° 


Piankatank  river. . . 
Up  St.  John's  river. 


Up  Rappahannock. 


28  Gatesville,  N.  C. 
30 
5 
24 
21 
24 


Nov.  29 
Dec.  3 
Dec.    27 

1865. 
Jan.   27 
Feb.     4 
Feb.   27 


April    6 
April  — 


Mobile. 

Mobile  bay 

Masonboro'  inlet 

Bruinsburg,  Miss. . . . . 

Tampa  bay,  Fla 

Ofi' Little  Malco,  Fla, 
Off  Charleston,  S.  C 


By  what  veesel. 


Roebuck 

Nip.no 
Morse 


San  Jacinto 

Queen 

Dragon 

Estrella 

Potomac  flotilla 

Commodore  Perrjr 


Magnolia 

Katskill 
Primrose 
Potomac  flotilla 

» 
Pawnee's  launch 

Pawnee  and  othets 
Potomac  flotilla 


WHtehead 

Glasgow 

"W.  G.  B.  squadron 

Niphon 

Avenger 

Nita 

Rosalie 

Patapsco 


Decross's  Point,  Texas..  Itasca 

Off  Cape  Fear  river I  Emma  and  othen 

"Western  bar MonticeUo 


Manitee  river 

Beach  inlet,  S.  C. 
"Wando  river,  S.  C. 


Columbus 

Charleston,  S.  C. 


"Wilmington,  N.  C, 


"Windmill  Point,  "Va  , 
Richmond,  Va 


Ino  and  Ariel 
"Wamsutta,  &c. 
Jonquil  and  others 


Mercury 

N.  A.  B.  sqaadron 


The  number  of  the  prizes  adjudicated  to  this  date  (Jan.  27, 
1867),  is  seven  hundred  aud.  thirty.   The  total  amount  of  money 


FOE  VIOLATION  OF  THE   BLOCKADE.  351 

involved — including  that  for  distribution  to  the  captors,  and 
that  which  is  passed  to  the  credit  of  the  United  States — is  about 
$25,000,000. 

Payment  has  already  been  made  to  nearly  ten  thousand 
different  claimants,  in  sums  varying  from  twenty-five  cents  to 
thirty -eight  thousand  dollars.  There  still  remain  to  be  adjudi- 
cated about  six  hundred  prizes,  tbe  most  of  which  will  probablj 
be  condemned  and  the  proceeds  paid  to  the  captors. 


UNION  VESSELS  CAPTURED  OR  DESTROYED 


BY    THE 


DIFFERENT    CONFEDERATE    PRIVATEERS. 


BY  THE  ALABAMA. 

Name  of  Vessels.  "Where  from.  Date  of  Capture 

Alert  bark New  London Sept.    9,  1862 

Altamaha,  brig Sippican Sept.  13, 

Amanda,  bark Manilla Oct.      6 

Amazonian,  bark New  York June    2 

A.  F.  Schmidt,  ship  ...  St.  Thomas July     2 

Ariel,  steamer New  York Dec.     7 

Avon,  ship Howland's  Island Mar.  29, 

B'n  de  Castine,  brig. .  .Castine Oct.   29, 

Benj.  Tucker,  ship. . .  .New  Bedford Sept.  14, 

B.  Thayer,  ship Callao Mar. 


] 

BriUiant,  ship New  York Oct.     3 

Charles  Hill,  ship Liverpool .-. . .  .Nov.  25, 

Cnastelain,  brig Guadaloupe Jan.  27 

Conrad,  bark Montevideo June  20, 

Contest,  ship Yokohama Nov.  11 

Corsair,  schr Provincetown Sept.  13, 

Crenshaw,  schr New  York    Oct.    23, 

Dorcas  Prince,  sliip . . .  New  York April  26 

Dunkirk,  brig New  York Oct.    — 

E.  Dunbar,  bark New  Bedford Sept.  18 

E.  Farnham,  ship Portsmouth Oct.      3 

Emma  Jane,  ship Bombay Jan.   14, 

Express,  ship Callao July     fi 

Golden  Eagle,  ship.. .  .Howland's  Island Feb.  21 

Golden  Rule,  bark New  York Jan.   2Q 

Har't  Spaukhng,  bark  .  New  York. Nov.  1 8, 

Hatteras,  gunboat  . . .  .Galveston Jan.  13 

Henrietta,  bark Baltimore 


1862. 
ISfiS. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1864. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1862. 
1864. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 


Tons. 

,  .    391 

.  .    ?,00 

.    595 

,  .   481 

. .   784 

.1295 

, .    930 

, .   267 

.   800 

, .    896 

, .    839 

, .   699 

. .   240 

.    347 

,.1098 

,.   200 

, .   278 

, .   699 

, .   298 

, .   300 

.1119 

.1096 

.1072 

.l-i73 

, .   250 

.   299 

.   800 

.   439 


THE   NATIOI^AL   HAND-BOOK. 


353 


Name  of  Yossels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture. 

Highlander,  ship Singapore Dec.  26,   1863. 

Jabez  Snow,  ship Xew  York Mar.  25 

John  A.  Park,  ship. . . .  New  York ilar.    2 

Justina,  bark Eio  Janeiro May  25 

Kate  Cory,  brig Westport April  1 5 

ICingflsher,  sclir Fairhaven Mar.  23 

Lafayette,  ship New  York Oct.    23 

Lafayette,  bark New  Bedford April  15, 

Lampligliter,  bark New  York Oct.    15 

Loretta,  bark New  York Oct.    28 

Levi  Starbuck,  ship.  .  .New  Bedford Nov.    2, 

Louisa  Hatch,  ship. . .  .Cardiff — 

Mancliester,  ship New  York. Oct.    11 

Martha  Wenzell,  bark  .  Akyab Aug.    9 

Martaban,  ship Maulmain Dec.  24, 

Morning  Star,  ship. . .  .Calcutta Mar.  23, 

Nora,  ship Liverpool Mar.  25, 

Nye,  bark New  Bedford April  2-1, 

Ocean  Rover,  bark ....  Mattapoisett ...    Sept.    8 

Ocmulgee,  ship   Edgartowu «. .  Sept.    6 

Olive  Jane,  bark Bordeaux Feb.  21 

Oneida,  ship Shanghae April  24, 

Palmetto,  schr New  York Feb.     3 

Parker  Cook,  bark . . .  .Boston Nov.  30, 

Punjaub,  ship Calcutta Mar.  15 

Rockingham,  ship Callao April  23 

Sea  Bride,  bark New  York Aug.    5 

Sea  Lark,  ship Boston May    3 

S.  G-ildersleeve,  ship. . .  Sunderland May  25 

Sonora,  ship Singapore Dec.  26, 

Starlight,  schr Fayal Sept. 

Talisman,  ship New  York June 

T.  R.  Wood,  ship Calcutta Nov. 

Tonawanda,  ship Philadelphia Oct. 

Tycoon,  bark New  York , 

Union  Jack,  bark New  York May 

Virginia,  bark New  Bedford Sept.  17 

Washington,  ship Callao Feb.  27 

Wave  Crest,  bark New  York Oct.     7 

Weather  Gauge,  schr .  .Pro vincetown Sept.    4. 

Winged  Racer,  ship. .  .Manilla Nov.  10, 


1868. 
1863. 
1S63. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1862. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863 . 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863: 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862, 


1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863. 


Tons. 
.1149 
.1070 
.1050 
.  400 
.  125 
.  125 
.  945 
.  300 
.  279 
.  284 
.  376 
.  835 
.1075 
.  578 
.  807 
.1105. 
.  800 
.  300 
.  766 
•  300 
.  300 
.  420 
.  172 
.  130 
.  760 
.  976 
,  447 
,  974 
.  847 
.  707 
.  205 
.1239 
.  599 
.1300 
.  735 
.  300 
.  300 
.1655 
.  409 
.  200 
.1767 


BY  THE  SHENANDOAH. 


Abigail,  bark New  Bedford. May  25,  1865. . .  375 

Adelaide,  bark Boston Oct.    13,  1864...  437 

Alina,  bark Newport,  Eng Oct.  — ,  1864. . .  47C 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Name  of  Vessels.  "Where  from.  Date 

Brunswick,  bark. ....  .New  Bedford June 

Catharine,  bark New  Bedford June 

Charter  Oak,  schr Boston Oct. 

Con,!xress  '2d,  bark New  Bedford June 

Covin  o'ton,  bark Warren,  R.  I June 

De'iphine,  bark London Jan. 

D.  Godfrey,  bark Boston Dec. 

Edward,  bark New  Bedford Dec. 

Edward  Gary,  bark  . .  .San  Francisco. ...... .April 

Euphrates,  ship New  Bedford June 

Favorite,  bark Fairhaven June 

Gen.  Pike,  bark New  Bedford June 

Gen.  Williams,  ship...  .New  London June 

Gipsy,  bark New  Bedford June 

Harvest,  bark Honolulu April 

JTector,  ship New  Bedford. April 

Hillman,  ship .New  Bedford June 

Isabella,  bark New  Bedford June 

I.  Rowland,  ship New  Bedford June 

James  Maury,  bark. .  .New  Bedford June 

Jireh  Swift,  bark New  Bedford June 

Kate  Prince,  ship   ....  Cardiff Nov. 

Lizzie  M.  Stacy,  schr..  .Boston Nov. 

. .  New  Bedford June 

.  .New  Bedford. June 

.  .New^  Bedford June 

Nile,  bark New  London ,  . .  .June 

Nimrod,  bark New  Bedford June 

Pearl,  bark New  London April 

Sophia  Thornton,  ship. New  Bedford June 

Susan  Abigail,  bark. .  .San  Francisco June 

Susan,  brig San  Francisco June 

Waverley,  bark New  Bedford Jime 

W.  Thompson,  ship . . .  New  Bedford June 

Wm.  C.  Nye,  bark San  Francisco June 


Martha  2d,  bark. 

MUo,  ship 

Nassau,  ship. . . . 


of 

Capture. 

Tons. 

— 

18fi5. 

..  226 

26 

1865. 

..  226 

— 

,  1864. 

..  140 

28 

,  1865. 

..  375 

28 

1865. 

..  300 

13 

1865. 

..  698 

— 

1864. 

..  299 

4 

1864. 

..  4-20 

1 

1865. 

..  370 

21 

1865. 

..  597 

28 

1865. 

..  360 

22 

1865. 

..  425 

25 

1865. 

. .  469 

26 

1865. 

. .  390 

1 

1865. 

..  350 

1 

1865. 

27 

,  1865. 

..  600 

27 

1865. 

..  394 

28 

1865. 

..  900 

28 

1865. 

..  400 

23 

1865. 

. .  360 

12 

1864. 

. .  997 

l.S 

1864. 

..  140 

28 

1865. 

. .  298 

28 

1865. 

. .  500 

28 

1865. 

..  450 

22 

1865. 

..  380 

25 

1865. 

..  340 

1 

1865. 

..  275 

23 

1865. 

..  400 

23 

1865. 

..  159 

4 

1865. 

28 

1865. 

..  450 

22 

1865. 

..  600 

26 

1865. 

..  388 

BY  THE  FLORIDA. 


Aldebaran,  schr. . . 
Anglo  Saxon,  ship 
Arabella,  brig 


.New  York Mar.  13, 

.Liverpool Aug.  21, 

.  Aspinwall Jan.   12, 

B.  F.  Hoxie,  ship Mazatlan June  16, 

Clarence,  brig Bahia , 

Commonwealth,  ship  .  .New  York April  17, 

Corris  Ann,  brig Philadelphia Jan.   22, 

David  Lapsley,  bark. . .  Sombrero , 

Electric  Spark,  str New  York July  10, 


1863. 

..  187 

1863. 

. .  868 

1863. 

..  291 

1863. 

..1387 

1863. 

. .  253 

1863. 

..1245 

1863. 

..  235 



..  289 

1864. 

..1400 

THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK, 


355 


Name  of  Vessels. 

Estella,  brig 

E.  B.  Cutting,  ship. . 
Geo.  Latimer,  schr... 
Gen.  Berry,  bark  . 


Where  from.                  Date  of  Capture. 
.  .Manzanilla Jan.   17,   1863. 

, .  .Liverpool Aug.    6,  1863 . 

. .  Baltimore May  18,  . 

,    .  New  York July  10,   . 

Grolconda,  bark Talcahuana July    8,  1864. 

Greenland,  bark Philadelphia July    9,  1804. 

Har't  Stephens,  bark.  .Portland ,  . 

J.  Jacob  Bell,  ship Foochow Feb.  12,  1863 . 

Kate  Stewart,  schr Philadelphia June  — ,  1863. 

Lapwing,  bark Boston Mar.  27,   1863. 

Jlary  Alviua,  brig Boston June  — ,   IS63. 

M.  A.  Schiuler,  schr..  .Port  Royal June  12,  1863. 

Mary  Y.  Davis,  schr. . .  Port  Royal July    9,  1 864 . 

M.  J.  Colcord,  bark  . . .  New  York Mar.  30,  1863 . 

Mondamin,  bark Rio  Janeiro Sept.  — ,   1864. 

Red  Gauntlet,  ship. . .  .Buena  Vista May  26,   1863 . 

Rienzi,  schr Provincetown July     7,  1863 . 

Southern  Rights,  ship .  Rangoon Aug.  22,  1868 . 

Southern  Cross.. . . ..  .Boston June    6,  1863. 

Star  of  Peace,  ship Calcutta. Mar.     6,  1863. 

Sunrise,  ship New  York. July  — ,  1863 . 

Tacony,  bark Port  Royal June  12,  1863 . 

Varnum  H.  Hill,  schr  .Provincetown June  27,  1852. 

Wm.  B.  Nash,  brig New  York July    8,  1863. 

Wm.  C.  Clark,  brig.. .  .Machias,  Me June  17,  . 

Windward,  brig Matanzas Jan.  22,  1863 . 

Zealand,  bark New  Orleans June  10,  1864. 


Tons. 
.  300 
.  796 
.  198 
.  469 
.  381 
.  549 
.  500 
.1382 
.  387 
.  590 
.  266 
,  299 
.  270 
374 
.  386 
.1038 
.  95 
.  830 
.  938 
.  941 
.1174 
.  296 
.  90 
,  299 
,  338 
.  199 
,   380 


BY  THE  SUMTER. 


Abbie  Bradford,  schr. . 

Albert  Adams,  brig.. .  .Cuba. 
Alvarado,  bark. 


•July  25, 


July 

.  Cape  Town June  — , 

Arcade,  schr. Portland. Nov.  20, 

Benj.  Dunning,  brig . . .  Cuba July     5 

B.  F.  Martin,  brig Philadelphia June  16 

California,  bark St.  Thomas 

Cuba,  brig New  York July     4 

D.  Trowbridge,  schr. . .  New  York Oct.   27 

Eben  Dodge,  bark New  Bedford Dec.     8, 

Glen,  bark Philadelphia July  — 

Golden  Rocket,  ship. .  .Havana July  13 

HenrV  Nutt,  schr Key  West Aug.  — 

Jos.  Maxwell,  bark. . . . Philadelphia July  27 

Joseph  Parks,  brig. . .  .Pernambuco Dec.  25. 

J.  S.  Harris,  ship Cuba 

Louisa  Kilham,  bark  .  .Cienfuegos July 


1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1S61. 
1861. 
1861. 
1.^61. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 
1861. 


.   180 

.   192 

.   299 

122 

.   284 

.  293 

.   299 

.    199 

.   200 

.1222 

,   287 

,   608 

,   235 

295 

300 

,   800 

468 


356 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Name  of  Ycsscls.  "Whore  from.  Date  of  Capture. 

Machias,  brig July     4,   1862 

Naiad,  brig July     6, 

N.  Chase,  sclir New  York Sept.  — , 

Neapolitan,  bark Messina Feb.  — . 

Ocean  Eagle Rockland Feb.  — , 

Santa  Clara,  brig Porto  Rico Feb.  — , 

Sebasticook,  ship Liverpool Feb.  — , 

Vigilant,  ship New  York Dec.     3, 

West  Wind,  bark New  York Julj'- 

"W.  S.  Robins,  bark. . . .  Arroya June 


6, 


1861. 

1861. 

1802. 

1861., 

ISf.l., 

18tU., 

ISGl.  , 

1861., 

1861., 


Tons. 
250 

1.50 
322 
2!)() 
189 
549 
()5i) 
429 
460 


BY  THE  TALLAHASSEE. 


Aug.  10. 
.Aug.  15 


Adriatic,  ship .London Aug.  12 

A.  Richards,  brig Glace  Bay,  C.  B j^^ug.  11 

Arcole,  ship Now  Orleans .Nov.    3 

Atlantic,  schr Addison,  Me 

Bay  State,  bark Alexandria,  Ya Aug.  1 1 

Billow,  brig Calais,  Me Aug.  10, 

Carrie  Estelle,  brig. . .  .Machias,  Me Aug.  11 

Castine,  ship..  . .    ...  .Callao Jan.  25, 

Coral  Wreath,  brig. . . . Aug.  11 

Etta  Caroline,  str 

Flora  Reed,  schr 

Glenhaven,  bark Glasgow Aug.  13, 

Goodspeed,  schr Boston Nov.    2 

Howard,  bark Aug.  15 

Jas.  Littlefield,  ship CardiEF Aug.  14, 

J.  H.  Howen,  schr  . . .  .Gloucester Aug.  14 

L.  Dupont,  schr Wilmington,  Del Aug.  13 

Magnolia,  schr Aug.  15, 

Mercy  Howe,  schr Chatham Aug.  15, 

N.  America,  schr Connecticut 

P.  C.  Alexander,  bark.. New  York ." 

Pearl,  schr. Aug.  16 

Rasselas,  schr Boothbay,  Me ^ug.  23, 

Roan,  brig Salisbury Aug.  20, 

S.  A.  Boyce,  schr Boston Aug.  11 

Sarah  Louisa,  schr. . . . 

Spokane,  schr Calais,  Me Aug.  12 


1863. 
18113. 
1863. 

1863. 
1S63. 
1864. 
1863. 
1803. 
1868. 
1863. 
1863. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 

1863. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 


, .  998 

.  '240 

, .  663 

, .  240 

.  199 

.  173 

.  200 

.  962 

.  260 

.  175 

.  150 

.  795 

.  280 

.  598 

.  599 

.  81 

.  194 

.  170 

.  143 

.  95 

.  284 

.  183 

.  90 

.  127 

.  220 

.  61 

.  126 


BY  THE  TACONY. 


» 


Ada,  schr Gloucester. June  23,  1863 .. .     90 

Arabella,  brig Gloucester June  12,  1863. . .   200 

Archer,  schr Gloucester June  24,  1863. . .  100 


THE   NATIOlSrAL    HAND-BOOK.  357 

Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.         Tons. 

Byzantium,  ship London June  16,  1863. .  .1048 

Elizabeth  Ann,  schr. .. Gloucester June  22,  1863. . .   100 

Florence,  schr...  . « Gloucester June  22,  1863. . .   200 

Goodspeed,  bark Londonderry June  23,  1863. . .   629 

Isaac  Webb,  ship Liverpool June  20,   1863. . .  1300 

L.  A.  Macomber,  schr..Noank June  20,  1863. . .   100 

Ma;engo,  schr Gloucester June  22,   1863. , .   200 

Ripple,  schr Gloucester June  22,   1863. ..    150 

B.ulus  Choate Gloucester June  22,  1863 .. .    1 00 

Sliattemuc,   ship Liverpool June  24,  1863...   849 

Umpire,  brig Laguna June  15,  1863...    196 

Wanderer,  schr Gloucester June  22,  1863...   125 


BY  THE  CLARENCE. 

A.  H.  Partridge,  schr.. Gloucester June    7,  1863...   100 

C.  Gushing,  cutter Portland June  24,  1863. . .    150 

Whistling  Wind,  bark..  Philadelphia June    6,  1863...  349 

BY  THE  SALLIB. 

Betsey  Ames,  brig Cuba Oct.   — ,   1861 . . .   265 

Grenada,  brig Neuvitas Oct.    13,  1861 . . .  255 

BY  THE  GEORGIA, 

Bold  Hunter,  ship Dundee Dec.     9,  1863. . .  797 

City  of  Bath,  ship. . . .  .Callao June  28,   1863. . .     79 

Coustituido'n,  ship. . , .  .Philadelphia June  25,  1863 ...     97 

Crown  Point,  ship New  York May  15,  1863. .  .1053 

Dictator,   ship Liverpool April  25,  1863 . . .  1293 

Geo.  Griswold,  ship. .  .Cardiff June  18,  1863. .  .1280 

Good  Hope,  bark Boston June  22,  1863...  436 

John  Watt,'  ship Maulmain Oct.  — ,  1863. . .   947 

J.  W.  Seaver,  bark. .  .Boston June  22,  1863. . .   340 

Prince  of  Wales,  ship.  .Callao July  16,  1863. . .  960 

BY  THE  JEFF  DAVIS. 

D.  C.  Pierce,  bark Remedioa June—,  1861...  306 

Ella,  schr Tampico ,  1861...  92 

Enchantress,  schr Boston July  16,  1861 ...  200 

Jno.  Crawford,  ship Philadelphia Aug.  — ,  1861 . . .  

John  Welsh,  brig Trinidad July  16,  1861 ...  275 


358  THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 

Name  of  Vessels.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.         Tons. 

Rowena,  bark Laguayra June  — ,  1861 . , .  340 

S.  J.  Waring,  schr New  York July  16,  1861...  372 

W.  McGilvery,  brig. .  .Cardenas July  —  1861 ...  198 

BY  THE  WINSLOW. 

Herbert,  schr June  18,  1861 ...  100 

Itasca,  brig Neuvitas Aug.    4,  1861...  300 

Mary  Alice,  schr Porto  Rico July  — ,  1861 ...  181 

Priscilla,  schr Cura9oa July  — ,  1861 . . .  144 

Transit,  schr New  London July  15,  1861...  195 

BY  THE  CHIOKAMAUGA. 

Albion  Lincoln,  bark.  .Portland Oct.    29,  1864. . .  23*7 

Emma  L.  Hall,  bark..  .Cardenas Oct.    31,  1864. . .  492 

Mark  L.  Potter,  bark... Bangor Oct.    30,  1864...  400 

Shooting  Star,  ship New  York Oct.   31,  1864...  957 

BY  THE  OLUSTEE. 

A.  J.  Bird,  schr Rockland Nov. 

Empress  Teresa,  bark. .  Rio  Janeiro Nov. 

E.  F.  Lewis,  schr Portland Nov. 

T.  D.  Wagner,  brig Fort  Monroe Nov. 

BY  THE  RETRIBUTION. 

Emily  Fisher,  brig St.  Jago Mar.  — ,  1863 ...  230 

Hanover,  schr Boston Jan.    31,  1863. . .  200 

J.  P.  EUicott,  brig Boston Jan.    10,  1863 ...  231 

BY  THE  ST.  NICHOLAS. 

Mary  Pierce,  schr Boston July     1,  1862. . .  192 

Margaret,  schr. July  29,  1 862 . . .  206 

Monticello,  brig. Rio  Janeiro July     1,1862...  3oO 

BY  THE  CALHOUN. 

John  Adams,  schr.. . .  .Provincetown May  — ,  1861. . .  100 

Mermaid,  schr Provincetown May  — ,  1861 . . .  200 

Panama,    brig Provincetown May  29,  1861 ...  153 


3, 

1864... 

ITS 

1, 

1864... 

316 

3, 

1864... 

197 

3, 

1864... 

390 

THE  NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK.  359- 


BY  THE  NASHVILLE. 

Name  of  Yesselg.  Where  from.  Date  of  Capture.        Tons. 

Harvey  Birch,  ship Havre Nov.  19,  1^62. . .   800 

R.  GiiliUan,  schr Philadelphia Feb.  26,  1862. . .   240 

BY  THE  BOSTON. 

Lenox,  bark New  York June  12,  1863...   37o 

Texana,  bark.. New  York June  12,  1863. . .   588 

BY  THE  SAVANNAH. 
Joseph,  brig Cardenas June  15,  1861. . .   171 

BY  THE  LAPWn^G. 
Kate  Dywer,  ship Callao June  11,  1863 . . .  1278 

BY  THE  ECHO. 

M.  E.  Thompson,  brig. . July     9,  1862. . .   210 

Mary  Goodell,  schr July     9,  1862 ...   200 

BY  THE  YORK. 
i 

G.  V.  Boker,  schr Galveston Aug.    9,  1861 .. .   100 

BY  THE  CONRAD. 
Santee,  ship Akyab Aug.    5,  1863. . .  898 

BY  THE  TUSCARORA 
Living  Age,  ship Akyab Sept.  13,  1863. .  .1193 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A.  B.  Thompson,  ship. .  Savannah May  19,  1861 .. .   800 

Alleghanian,  ship Baltimore Oct.   21,  1862. .  .1142 

Alliance,  schr Philadelphia Sept.  — ,  1863 . . .   190 

Boston,  tug June    9,  1863. . .   100 


360 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


Name  of  Vessels. 
Chesapeake,   stennier, 


Where  from. 


Date  of  Capture. 


.New  York Dee.     7 

Golden  Rod,  schr Holmes'  Hole Sept.  — 

Hannah  Balch,  brig, 
liai-riet  Lane,  tiur.bt. 
ilairies  L.  Geiity.  . . . 
.1.  II.  Watson,  schr.  . 
Lydia  Francis,  bri<; 


.  .Cardenas July     6 

.Gralveston Jan.   11, 

.Mataraoro.s Oct.    — 

.New  York July  I'd. 

.  . Jvily  15 


I'earl,  schr.  .^ Moriches 

Protector,   schr Cuba June  — , 

Sea  Bird,  sch Philadelphia 

Sea  "VYitch,  schr IJaracoa 

Union,  schr italtimore Dec.     5, 


1868. 

1863. 

1862. 

18f)3.  , 

18G.3. 

1861. 

1862. 

1862. 

1861. 

1868. 

1861., 

1862.  , 


Tons. 

.  460 
130 
149 
.  325 
.  90 
.  200 
.  262 
.  183 
.  200 
.  2(10 
.  95 
.  115 


— From  the  Commercial  and  Financial  Chronicle. 


/ 


302  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


THE  BANKRUPTCY  ACT. 


THE   MAIN  PROVISIONS   OF  WHICH  ARE   AS  I'OIXOWS: 

An  Act  to  establish  a  uniform  System  of  Bankruptcy  through- 
out the  United  States. 

The  district  courts  of  the  United  States  are  consti- 
tuted courts  of  bankruptcy  under  this  act,  in  all  mat- 
ters under,  or  growing  out  of  which,  they  have 
original  jurisdiction.  They  are  always  open  for 
business  under  this  act,  and  the  powers  of  the  judge 
in  vacation,  and  when  sitting  in  chambers,  are  the 
same  as  w-hen  sitting  in  court  and  in  term  time. 
They  may  be  held  in  any  part  of  the  district.  The 
circuit  courts  have  also  a  general  supervision  of  all 
cases  under  this  act,  and  may  be  appealed  to  from 
the  district  courts,  with  which  they  have  also  concur- 
rent jurisdiction  in  all  cases  whei'ein  the  assignee  in 
bankruptcy  is  a  party ;  but  no  claim  can  be  main- 
tained by  or  against  an  assignee  touching  the  bank- 


THE   BAJJfKEUPTCT   ACT.  363 

rupt's  property  after  the  lapse  of  two  years.  One  or 
mo^e  registers  shall  be  appointed  in  each  Congres- 
sional district,  whose  duty  it  is  to  act  in  the  place  of 
the  judge  in  all  merely  administrative  and  uncon- 
tested cases.  Bankruptcy  may  be  either  voluntary 
or  involuntary.  The  debtor  may  assume  voluntary 
bankruptcy  if  his  debts  exceed  three  hundred  dol- 
lars, by  filing  a  petition,  setting  forth  his  debts,  an 
inventory  of  all  his  possessions,  and  a  declaration  of 
willingness  to  give  them  up  to  his  creditors.  A 
■warrant  then  issues  from  the  court  appointing  a 
time  and  place  for  a  meeting  of  the  creditors.  At 
this  meeting  an  assignee  or  assignees  are  chosen,  sub- 
ject to  the  approval  of  the  court,  to  whom  is  deliv- 
ered all  the  property  of  the  bankrupt,  except  that 
specifically  exempted.  The  assignee  possesses  all 
the  powers  for  recovering  debts  due  the  debtor, 
which  the  latter  would  otherwise  have  possessed. 
The  court  may  examine  the  bankrupt,  or  the  wife  of 
the  bankrupt,  on  oath,  or  any  person  who  may  be 
able  to  give  evidence  on  any  matter  pertaining  to 
the  bankrupt's  affairs,  and  may  compel  their  attend- 
ance. All  claims  against  the  bankrupt  must  be  duly 
verified  in  writing  and  on  oath.  Those  which  ar 
approved  are  registered  by  the  assignee,  and  all 
creditors,  whose  claims  are  allowed,  are  entitled  to 
share  in  the  bankrupt's  estate,  jpro  ratd^  no  priority 


364  THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 

of  claim  being  allowed  except  for  the  wages  of  cer 
tain  servants.  At  the  expiration  of  each  three 
months  after  the  adjudication  of  bankruptcy,  the  ap- 
proved creditors  may  receive  dividends  on  their 
claims  ;  and  after  all  claims  have  been  decided  upon, 
rind  the  assignee's  accounts  have  been  approved  by 
the  court,  all  expenses  of  the  proceedings  are  paid 
from  the  portion  of  the  estate  remaining  in  the 
hands  of  the  assignee,  and  the  residue  divided 
finally  among  the  creditors.  After  six  months  from 
the  adjudication  of  bankruptcy,  the  bankrupt  may 
receive  a  discharge  from  all  previous  debts  honestly 
contracted  by  and  due  from  him,  provided  there  has 
been  no  fraud  on  his  part  in  the  proceedings.  Any 
conveyance  or  transfer  of  property  made  by  the 
debtor  to  a  preferred  creditor,  in  view  of  insolvency, 
within  four  months  before  the  filing  of  a  petition  in 
bankruptcy,  is  void ;  and  the  creditor  who,  knowing 
the  facts,  receives  such  conveyance,  forfeits  all  share 
in  the  bankrupt's  estate,  and  also  double  the  value 
of  the  money  or  property  so  obtained,  which  is  re- 
covera])le  by  the  assignee  for  the  benefit  of  the  es- 
tate. A  partnership  or  firm  may  be  made  bankrupt 
by  the  filing  of  a  petition  by  any  member,  when  not 
only  the  joint  property,  but  the  separate  estates  ot 
each  member  of  the  firm  is  taken  by  the  assignee. 
Separate  accounts   are  kept   by  the  assignee,  who 


THE   BANKRUPTCY   ACT.  365 

pays  the  private  debts  of  each  member  from  his 
own  estate,  and  the  balance  is  added  to  the  joint 
stock  for  the  benefit  of  the  creditors  of  the  firm,  if 
the  property  of  the  firm  shall  not  have  been  suffi- 
cient to  liquidate  the  claims  against  it.  A  certifi- 
cate of  discharge  is  given  or  refused  to  each  partner 
according  to  the  merits  of  his  individual  case. 
Where  partners  reside  in  different  districts,  jurisdic- 
tion is  in  that  district  where  the  petition  is  first 
filed.  Involuntary  bankruptcy  may  be  forced  upon 
any  debtor  who  has  committed  certain  acts  of  ac- 
tual or  constructive  fraud,  by  which  he  is  deemed  to 
have  committed  an  act  of  bankruptcy,  on  the  peti- 
tion of  any  one  of  his  creditors  whose  debt  amounts 
to  $250.  If  the  debtor  so  demand,  the  question  of 
fact  as  to  the  alleged  act  of  bankruptcy  may  be 
tried  by  a  jury ;  and  if  the  allegations  in  the  ques- 
tion be  maintained,  or  if  the  debtor  allow  the  mat- 
ter to  go  by  default,  a  warrant  of  bankruptcy  issues^ 
and  the  estate  of  the  bankrupt  is  settled  in  a  manner 
similar  to  that  in  a  case  of  voluntary  bankruptcy. 
Fines  and  imprisonment  are  decreed  against  eithei 
bankrupts  or  officers  who  are  guilty  of  fraud  or  of- 
fences under  this  act.     [March  2, 1867.] 


TABLE   OF   STATES    AND   TEKEITOKIES. 


367 


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370 


THE   NATIONAL    HAND-BOOK. 


POPULAR  AND  ELECTORAL 


STATES. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut .... 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa   

Kansas 

Kentucliy 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massacliusetts. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi  .... 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey  . . . 

New  York 

North  CaroUna. 

Oliio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania  . . 
Rhode  Island  . . 
South  Carolina  . 

Tennessee  

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. . 
Wisconsin 

Total 


1860. 


Eep 
Lincoln. 


39,173 

43,792 
3,815 


112,161 

139,033 

70,409 

1,364 

62,811 

2,294 

106,533 

88,480 

22,069 

17,028 


37,519 

58,324 

362,646 

231,610 

5,270 

268,030 

12,244 

Electors 


33,808 
1,929 

86,110 


1,866,452 


Dem. 
Doufflas. 


13,€51 

5,227 

38,516 

15,522 

1,023 

367 

11,590 

160,215 

115,509 

55,111 

25,651 

7,625 

26,693 

5,966 

34,372 

65,057 

11,920 

3,283 

58,801 


25,881 

62,801 

312,510 

2,701 

187.232 

3,951 

16,765 

7,707 

chosen  by 

11,350 

6,849 
16,290 

65,021 


Dem. 
Breckenridge. 


1,375,157 


48,831 
28,732 
34,334 
14,641 

7.337 

8',  543 
51,889 

2,404 
12,295 

1,048 

53,143 

22,681 

6,368 

42,482 

5,939 

805 

748 

40,797 

31,317 


2,112 


48,539 

11,405 

5,006 

178,871 

the  Legis- 

64,709 

47,548 

218 

74,323 

888 


847,953 


Union, 
Bell. 


27,875 
20,094 
6,8^7 
3,291 
8,864 
5,437 
42,886 
4,913 
5,306 
1,763 

66,058 

20,204 

2,046 

41,760 

22,331 

405 

62 

25,040 

58,372 


441 


44,990 

12,194 

183 

12,776 


69,274 

15,438 

1,969 

74,681 

161 


590,631 


la  18&4,  wh.  vote,  4,000,850 ;  Line's  maj.,  406,812.— In  1860,  wh.vote,  4,680,193 ;  Line.  ov. 


POPULAIi  AJSTD   ELECTORAL   VOTES. 

VOTES  FOR  PRESIDENT. 


371 


ELECTORAL   VOTES. 

1864. 

ELBCTOEAL  TOTES. 

Eep. 

Dem. 

Line. 

Doug. 

Breck. 

Bell. 

Lincoln. 

McClellan. 

Lincoln. 

McCleirn 

•  •  •  • 

9 
4 



•   •   •   • 

.    •   a    . 

•   •  •  • 

•  •  •  ■ 

4 

58,698 

42,255 

•  •  •  • 

5 

6 

•   •   •   • 

•    •    •    • 

44,691 

42,285 

6 

•  •  •  • 

3 

3 

10 



8,155 

8,767 

•   •   •   • 

•   •  -  • 

«    •   •  • 
•    •   •   • 

"14 

•    .    .    • 

189,496 

158,730 

16 

13 

•    .    •    > 

150,238 

130,233 

13 

4 

•    •   •   • 

89,075 

49,596 

8 

•   •   •   • 

•    •   •    ■ 

16,441 

3,691 

3 

•  •  •   • 

"e 

12 

26,592 

61,478 

•  •  •  • 

"ii 

•    •   «    • 

8 

'.'.'.'. 

61,803 

44,211 

•   •   •  • 

7 

•  •  •    • 

"**8 



40,153 

82,739 

7 

13 

•   •  •   • 

126,742 

48,745 

12 

6 

•   ■   •   ■ 

85,352 

67,370 

8 

4 

.... 

25,060 

17,375 

4 

•  •   •  • 

7 

.... 

.... 

.... 

•  •  •   • 

.... 

"9 

71,676 

31,626 

11 

■   •  •  • 
•   •  •  • 

.... 
.... 

9,826 

6,594 

'3 

•  •  •  • 

5 

.... 

36,400 

32,871 

5 

. . .  t 

7 

•   *   ■   • 

60,723 

68,024 

.... 

"i 

35 

•   .  •  • 

368,735 

361,986 

33 

•   •   •    ■ 

""16 

•  •  •   • 

.... 

■   ■   ■   . 

•    •    .    a 

23 

•   •  •  " 

264,975 

205,557 

21 

3 

t   •  •   . 

9,888 

8,457 

3 

27 

.   •   •   • 

296,391 

276,316 

26 

4 

•   .   .   • 

13,692 

8,470 

4 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •   ■ 

'"s 

lature. 
12 

•   .  •  • 

.   •   •   • 

»   »  »  • 

•    a    ,     , 

•  •  •   ■ 

5 

4 

•  .  •  • 

15 

42,419 

13,321 

5 

•  •  •  • 

23,152 

10,438 

5 

5 

.... 



83,458 

65,884 

8 

179 

16 

72 

39 

2,203,831 

1,797,019 

213 

21 

Doug.,  491,275;  ov.  Breck.,  1,018,500;  ov.  Bell,  1,276,821 ;  all  others  ov.  Line,  947,289. 


372 


THE   NATIONAL   HAND-BOOK. 


POPULAE  AND  ELEOTOEAL  VOTE  TOE  PEESIDENT. 


STATES 


Alabama , 

Arkansas , 

California 

Connecticut , 

Delaware 

Florida  [by  Legislature] . 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi  [no  vote] 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Penoisylvania , . 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas  [no  vote] 

Vermont 

Virginia  [no  vote] 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 


Total 

F«r  cent . 


1868. 


Rep. 
Grant. 


76,366 
22,152 
54,592 
50,996 
7,623 

57,134 

250,293 

176,552 

120,399 

31,046 

39,569 

33,263 

70,426 

30,438 

136,477 

128,550 

48,542 

85,671 

9,729 

6,480 

38,191 

80,121 

419,883 
96,226 

280,128 
10,961 

342,280 
12,903 
62,301 
56,757 

44,167 

29,025 

108,857 


3,013,188 

62.71 


Dem. 

Seymoiir. 


72,086 
19,078 
54,078 
47,951 
10,980 

102,822 

199,143 

166,980 

74,040 

14,019 

115,889 

80,225 

42,396 

62,357 

59,408 

97,069 

28,072 

59,788 

5,439 

5,218 

31,224 

83,001 

429,883 

84,090 

238,700 

11,125 

313,382 

6,548 

45,237 

86,311 

12,045 

20,306 
84,710 


2,703,600 
47.29 


Rep. 
Majority. 


4,280 

3,074 

514 

3,045 

*3,357 

*45,688 

51,150 

9,572 

46,359 

17,030 

*76,323 

*46,962 
28,030 

*31,919 
77,069 
31,481 
15,470 

25,883 
4,290 
1,262 
6,967 

*2,880 
*10,000 

12,136 

41,428 
*164 

28,898 
6,445 

17,064 

30,446 

32,122 

8,719 
24,447 


309,588 
6.43 


•  Democratio  majorities. 
Electoral  Tot&— Ulyues  S.  Grant,  214 ;  HoFatio  Seymoor,  80. 


THE  GEEELET  AND  BEOWN  PLATFOEM. 


'373 


THE  GREELEY  AND  BROWN  PLATFORM. 


We,  the  Liberal  Republicans 
of  the  United  States,  in  National 
Convention  assembled  at  Cin- 
cinnati, proclaim  the  following 
principles  as  essential  to  just 
government:  Cincinnati,  May 
Zd,  1873. 


"We,  the  Democratic  electors  ol 
the  United  States,  in  Convention 
assembled,  do  present  the  fol- 
lowing principles,  already  adopt- 
ed at  Cincinnati,  as  essential  to 
just  government :  Baltimore, 
July  10th,  1873. 


I^irst :  We  recognize  the  equality  of  all  men  be- 
fore the  law,  and  hold  that  it  is  the  duty  of  Govern- 
ment, in  its  dealings  with  the  people,  to  mete  out 
equal  and  exact  justice  to  all,  of  whatever  nativity, 
race,  color,  or  persuasion,  religious  or  political. 

Second:  We  pledge  ourselves  to  maintain  the 
Union  of  these  States,  emancipation  and  enfranchise- 
ment, and  to  oppose  any  reopening  of  the  questions 
settled  by  the  Thirteenth,  Fourteenth,  and  Fifteenth 
Amendments  to  the  Constitution. 

Third :  We  demand  the  immediate  and  absolute 
removal  of  all  disabilities  imposed  on  account  of 
the  Rebellion,  which  was  finally  subdued  seven 
years  ago,  believing  that  universal  amnesty  will  re- 
sult in  complete  pacification  in  all  sections  of  the 
country. 


374     THE  GEEELEY  AND  BEOWN  PLATFOEM. 

Fourth  :  Local  self-government,  with  impartial 
suffrage,  will  guard  the  rights  of  all  citizens  more 
securely  than  any  centralized  power.  The  public 
welfare  requires  the  supremacy  of  the  civil  over  the 
military  authority,  and  freedom  of  person  under  the 
protection  of  the  habeas  corpus.  We  demand  for 
the  individual  the  largest  liberty  consistent  with 
public  order ;  for  the  State,  self-government,  and 
for  the  nation  a  return  to  the  methods  of  peace  and 
the  constitutional  hmitations  of  power. 

Fifth:  The  Civil  Service  of  the  Government 
has  become  a  mere  instrument  of  partisan  tyranny 
and  personal  ambition,  and  an  object  of  selfish  greed. 
It  is  a  scandal  and  reproach  upon  free  institutions, 
and  breeds  a  demoralization  dangerous  to  the  per- 
petuity of  republican  government.  We  therefore 
regard  such  thorough  reforms  of  the  Civil  Service 
as  one  of  the  most  pressing  necessities  of  the  hour  ; 
that  honesty,  capacity,  and  fidelity  constitute  the 
only  valid  claim  to  public  employment ;  that  the 
offices  of  the  Government  cease  to  be  a  matter  of 
arbitrary  favoritism  and  patronage,  and  that  public 
station  become  again  a  post  of  honor.  To  this  end 
it  is  imperatively  required  that  no  President  shall  be 
a  candidate  for  re-election. 

Sixth  :  We  demand  a  system  of  Federal  taxation 
which  shall  not  unnecessarily  interfere  with  the  in- 
dustry of  the  people,  and  which  shall  provide  the 
means  necessary  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment economically  administered,  the  pensions,  the 


THE   GKEELEl    AND   BEOWN   PLATFOKM.  375 

interest  on  the  public  debt,  and  a  moderate  reduc- 
tion annually  of  the  principal  thereof ;  and,  recog- 
nizing that  there  are  in  our  midst  honest  but  irrecon- 
cilable differences  of  opinion  with  regard  to  the 
respective  systems  of  Protection  and  Free  Trade,  we 
remit  the  discussion  of  the  subject  to  the  people  in 
their  Congress  Districts,  and  to  the  decision  of  Con- 
gress thereon,  wholly  free  of  Executive  interference 
or  dictation. 

Seventh, :  The  public  credit  must  be  sacredly 
maintained,  and  we  denounce  repudiation  in  every 
form  and  guise. 

Eighth  :  A  speedy  return  to  specie  payment  is 
demanded  alike  by  the  highest  considerations  of 
commercial  morality  and  honest  government. 

Ninth  :  "We  remember  with  gratitude  the  hero- 
ism and  sacrifices  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the 
Republic,  and  no  acts  of  ours  shall  ever  detract  from 
their  justly  earned  fame,  or  the  full  reward  of  their 
patriotism. 

Tenth  :  We  are  opposed  to  all  further  grants  of 
lands  to  railroads  or  other  corporations.  The  public 
domain  should  be  held  sacred  to  actual  settlers. 

Eleventh :  We  hold  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
Government  in  intercourse  with  foreign  nations,  to 
cultivate  the  friendship  of  peace,  by  treating  with 
all  on  fair  and  equal  terms,  regarding  it  alike  dis- 
honorable either  to  demand  what  is  not  right,  or  to 
submit  to  what  is  wrong. 


376  THE    GREELEY   AJSTD   BEOWN   PLATFOEM. 

Twelfth  :  For  the  promotion  and  success  of  these 
vital  principles,  and  the  support  of  the  candidates 
nominated  by  this  Convention,  we  invite  and  cor- 
dially welcome  the  co-operation  of  all  patriotic  citi- 
zens, without  regard  to  previous  affiliations. 


THE  GRANT  AND   WILSON  PLATFORM.  377 


THE  GRANT  AND  WILSON  PLATFORM. 


Adoj)ted  hy  the  Republican  National  Convention 
held  at  Philadelphia,  June  5  and  6, 1872. 

The  Republican  party  of  the  United  States,  assem- 
bled in  National  Convention  in  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia on  the  5th  and  6th  days  of  June,  1872,  again 
declares  its  faith,  appeals  to  its  history,  and  announces 
its  position  upon  the  questions  before  the  country : 

First :  During  eleven  years  of  supremacy  it  has  ac- 
cepted with  grand  courage  the  solemn  duties  of  the 
time.  It  suppressed  a  gigantic  rebellion,  enancipated 
four  millions  of  slaves,  decreed  the  equal  citizenship 
of  all,  and  established  universal  suffrage.  Exhibiting 
unparalleled  magnanimity,  it  criminally  punished  no 
man  for  political  offences,  and  warmly  welcomed  all 
who  proved  their  loyalty  by  obeying  the  laws  and 
dealing  justly  with  their  neighbors.  It  has  steadily 
decreased,  with  a  firm  hand,  the  resultant  disorders 
of  a  great  war,  and  initiated  a  wise  policy  toward 
the  Indians.  The  Pacific  Pailroad  and  similar  vast 
enterprises  have  been  generally  aided  and  successfully 
conducted,  the  public  lands  freely  given  to  actual  set- 
lers,  immigration  protected  and  encouraged,  and  a  full 


378  THE   GKANT   AND   WILSON   PLATFOEM. 

acknowledgment  of  naturalized  citizens'  rights  secured 
from  European  Powers.  A  uniform  national  cur- 
rency has  been  provided,  repudiation  frowned  down, 
the  national  credit  sustained  under  most  extraordina- 
ry burdens,  and  new  bonds  negotiated  at  lower  rates. 
The  revenues  have  been  carefully  collected  and  hon- 
estly applied.  Despite  the  annual  large  reductions 
of  rates  of  taxation,  the  public  debt  has  been  reduced 
during  General  Grant^s  Presidency  at  the  rate  of 
one  hundred  millions  a  year.  A  great  financial  crisis 
has  been  avoided,  and  peace  and  plenty  prevail 
throughout  the  land.  Menacing  foreign  diificulties 
have  been  peacefully  and  honorably  compromised, 
and  the  honor  and  power  of  the  nation  kept  in  high 
respect  throughout  the  world.  This  glorious  record 
of  the  past  is  the  party's  best  pledge  for  the  future. 
We  believe  the  people  will  not  entrust  the  Govern- 
ment to  any  party  or  combination  of  men  composed 
chiefly  of  those  who  have  resisted  every  step  of  this 
beneficial  progress. 

Second:  Complete  liberty  and  exact  equality  in 
the  enjoyment  of  all  civil,  political,  and  public  rights 
should  be  established  and  effectually  maintained 
throughout  the  Union  by  efficient  and  appropriate 
State  and  Federal  legislation.  Neither  the  law  nor 
its  administration  should  admit  of  any  discrimination 
in  respect  of  citizenship  by  reason  of  race,  creed, 
color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Third:  The  recent  amendments  to  the  National 
Constitution  should  be  cordially  sustained  because 
they   are  right,  not  merely  tolerated  because  they 


THE   GEANT   AND   WILSON   PLATFORM.  379 

are  law ;  and  should  be  carried  out  according  to  tlieir 
spirit  by  appropriate  legislation,  the  enforcement  of 
which  can  be  safely  trusted  only  to  the  party  that 
secured  those  amendments. 

Fourth :  The  National  Government  should  seek  to 
maintain  an  honorable  peace  with  all  nations,  pro- 
tecting its  citizens  everywhere,  and  sympathizing 
with  all  peoples  who  strive  for  greater  liberty. 

Fifth:  Any  system  of  the  Civil  Service  under 
which  the  subordinated  positions  of  the  Government 
are  considered  rewards  for  mere  party  zeal,  is  fatally 
demoralizing ;  and  we  therefore  favor  a  reform  of 
the  system  by  laws  which  shall  abolish  the  evils  of 
patronage,  and  make  honesty,  efficiency,  and  fidelity 
the  essential  qualifications  for  public  position,  with- 
out practically  creating  a  life-tenure  of  office. 

Sixth :  "We  are  opposed  to  further  grants  of  the 
public  lands  to  corporations  and  monopolies,  and  de- 
mand that  the  National  domain  be  set  apart  for  free 
homes  for  the  people. 

Seventh:  The  annual  revenues,  after  paying  the 
current  debts,  "should  furnish  a  moderate  balance  for 
the  reduction  of  the  principal,  and  the  revenue,  ex- 
cept so  much  as  may  be  derived  from  a  tax  on  tobacco 
and  liquors,  be  raised  by  duties  upon  importations ; 
the  duties  of  which  should  be  so  adjusted  as  to  aid  in 
securing  remunerative  wages  to  labor,  and  promote 
the  industries,  growth,  and  prosperity  of  the  whole 
country. 

Eighth :  We  hold  in  undying  honor  the  soldiers 
and  sailors  whose  valor  saved  the  Union  ;  their  pen 


380  THE    GKANT   AND   WILSON   PLATFORM. 

sions  are  a  sacred  debt  of  the  nation,  and  the  widows 
and  orphans  of  those  who  died  for  their  country  are 
entitled  to  the  care  of  a  generous  and  grateful  peo- 
ple. We  favor  such  additional  legislation  as  will  ex- 
tend the  bounty  of  the  Government  to  all  our  soldiers 
and  sailors  who  where  honorably  discharged,  and 
who  in  line  of  duty  became  disabled,  without  regard 
to  the  length  of  service  or  the  cause  of  such  dis- 
charge. 

Ninth  :  The  doctrine  of  Great  Britain  and  other 
European  Powers  concerning  allegiance — "  once  a 
subject,  always  a  subject" — ^having  at  last,  through 
the  efforts  of  the  Republican  party,  been  abandoned, 
and  the  American  idea  of  the  individual's  right  to 
transfer  his  allegiance  having  been  accepted  by 
European  nations,  it  is  the  duty  of  our  Government 
to  guard  with  jealous  care  the  rights  of  adopted  cit- 
izens against  the  assumption  of  unauthorized  claims 
by  their  former  governments ;  and  we  urge  the  con- 
tinual and  careful  encouragement  and  protection  of 
voluntary  immigration. 

Tenth :  The  franking  privilege  ought  to  be  abol- 
ished, and  the  way  prepared  for  a  speedy  reduction 
in  the  rate  of  postage. 

Eleventh :  Among  the  questions  which  press  for 
attention  is  that  which  concerns  the  relations  of  cap- 
ital and  labor ;  and  the  Republican  party  recognize 
the  duty  of  so  shaping  legislation  as  to  secure  full 
protection  and  the  ablest  field  for  capital ;  and  for 
labor — the  creator  of  capital — the  largest  opportuni- 


THE   GEANT   AND   WILSON   PLATFOEM.  381 

ties  and  a  just  share  of  the  mutual  profits  of  tlios« 
two  great  servants  of  civilization. 

Twelfth :  We  hold  that  Congress  and  the  Presi 
dent  have  only  fulfilled  an  imperative  duty  in  their 
measures  for  the  suppression  of  violent  and  treasona- 
ble organizations  in  certain  lately  rebellious  regions, 
and  for  the  protection  of  the  ballot-box ;  and  there- 
fore they  are  entitled  to  the  thanks  of  the  nation. 

Thirteenth  :  We  denounce  repudiation  of  the  pub- 
lic debt,'  in  any  form  or  disguise,  as  a  national  crime. 
We  witness  with  pride  the  reduction  of  the  principal 
■of  the  debt,  and  of.  the  rates  of  interest 'upon  the 
balance;  and  confidently  expect  that  our  excellent 
national  currency  will  be  perfected  by  a  speedy 
resumption  of  specie  payment. 

Fourteenth :  The  Republican  party  is  mindful  of 
its  obligations  to  the  loyal  women  of  America  for 
their  noble  devotion  to  the  cause  of  freedom.  Their 
admission  to  wider  fields  of  usefulness  is  received 
with  satisfaction,  and  the  honest  demands  of  any 
class  of  citizens  for  additional  rights  should  be  treat- 
ed with  respectful  consideration. 

Fifteenth :  We  heartily  approve  the  action  of  Con- 
gress in  extending  amnesty  to  those  lately  in  rebel- 
lion, and  rejoice  in  the  growth  of  peace  and  fi'aternal 
feeling  throughout  the  land. 

Sixteenth:  The  Republican  party  propose  to  re- 
spect the  rights  reserved  by  the  people  to  themselves 
as  carefully  as  the  powers  delegated  by  them  to  the 


382  THE   GRANT  AND   WILSON  PLATFOBM. 

State  and  to  the  Federal  government.  It  disapproves 
of  the  resort  to  unconstitutional  laws  for  the  pur- 
pose of  removing  evils  by  interference  with  rights 
not  surrendered  by  the  people  to  either  the  State  or 
^National  Government. 

Seventeenth :  It  is  the  duty  of  the  General  Govern- 
ment to  adopt  such  measures  as  will  tend  to  encourage 
American  commerce  and  ship-building. 

Eighteenth :  "We  believe  that  the  modest  patriot- 
ism, the  earnest  purpose,  the  sound  judgment,  the 
'practical  wisdom,  the  incorruptible  integrity,  and 
the  illustrious  services  of  Ulysses  S.  Grant  have 
commended  him  to  the  heart  of  the  American  people ; 
and  with  him  at  our  head  we  start  to-day  upon  a 
new  march  to  victory. 

Nineteeenth :  That  the  speedy  restoration  of  our 
foreign  commerce,  and  navigation  and  ship-building 
is  vital  to  the  honor  as  it  is  essential  to  the  security 
of  the  nation ;  and  that  a  vigorous  maritime  policy 
which  shall  secure  employment  for  our  ships,  by 
making  the  American-built  ship  the  preferred  vehi- 
cle of  commerce  with  foreign  countries  the  same  as 
with  the  States  of  the  Union,  is  alone  adequate  to 
the  emergency. 


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